Ubuzima
Impaka zuburyo bwo guhamagara Sartre, uheruka uyu munsi. Martin Heidegger yijeje ko Jean-Paul ari umwanditsi, na Vladimir Nabokov bita umuhanga mu bya filozofiya. Ariko abantu bose bahurira ko ikimenyetso cya mandeker na psychologue bizamuhuza.Igifaransa kizwi cyane gifite abadahwitse n'abanegura. Aba mbere bagaragaje inyandiko zitukura zinyuramo imitwe itukura ni ingingo zidasanzwe zo kubaho, umudendezo nubwigunge.
Sartre yitwa ikigirwamana cya Beszbabya Paris na se wo kubaho, byagize ingaruka ku gihe, kuko yahawe igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel. Ariko natangaje ko "umudendezo we ni uguhitamo kuba Imana!", Nta cyo gihembo.
Abatavuga rumwe n'inyigisho za Sartra basuzuguye umwanditsi muri mangano no ku izina ni imibereho myiza, umuntu wateje isesemi. Ukuri kwari kumwega hagati.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Jean-Paul Charles Emar Sardr - Parisan. Kuvuka muri Kamena 1905 mu muryango wa burugeois. Imfura ntiyibuka umubyeyi - umukozi w'ndy: Jean-Batit yapfuye azize umuriro w'umuhondo igihe umuhungu yasohoraga umwaka n'amezi 3. Nyuma, umuhungu asanzwe "urakoze" umubyeyi, yita urupfu imburagihe cya Sartra Sarteri ari agaciro gusa: Data ntiyamureye kandi ntiyamuhamura.
Ann-Marie Ballery Umwana, Mumbabarire ko akura nta se. Indi mpamvu yatumye ubwuzu bwababyeyi budasubirwaho ni ukugaragara k'umuhungu: Jean-Pawulo yavutse afite kosoking ijisho n'umunda iburyo. Umwana wangiritse afite imyaka 12 yiyongera na Dafwodil na egocentric. Ariko mukuze, filozofiya kandi umwanditsi yemeye ko mumyaka ya mbere yumvaga "igikoresho kiboneye, ikiremwa kidafite ubusobanuro nintego."
Nyina uhagarariye neza yabayeho kuva mu bwoko bwa siyansi ya Elsass. Charles Scwetzer - Sogokuru Sartre - Umunyafunifuni-Umudage, Porofeseri, washinzwe mu murwa mukuru w'Ubufaransa Linguistic. Nyirarume - Albert Schweitzer - Nobel Quureate, umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya n'Ubumuntu wa gikristo.
Zhan-Paul Sarre yakuze mu buki (Komine ku nkombe y'amajyepfo ya Seine), mu nzu ya sekuru uzwi, aho bene wabo bakijije umuhungu. Ariko ntibategereje kandi: Mu magambo "igitabo cyitwa", umwanditsi yise ubuzima mu nzu ikuzimu, ibyo byategetse uburyarya buteye ubwoba. Birashimishije kubona nyirarume, yakuze munzu imwe, yasobanuye umwuka nkubushyuhe butangaje.
Kutemera Imana, Sartra yabaye "Igicuruzwa" cy'uburezi. Nyirakuru Abagatolika na sogokuru pound pound Ikibabaje nuko, aseka "idini rya" igice, aho Jean-Pawulo yafashe avuga ko amadini yombi adakwiriye igiceri.
Uburezi bwa filozofiya bwakiriwe mu magambo ya Porta La Rochelle mu burengerazuba bw'Ubufaransa, hanyuma muri kaminuza ihanitse ya Paris Sup (ishuri ryo hejuru rya Pedigogi Pop (ishuri ryo hejuru), rimaze gutsinda amarushanwa atoroshye. Nyuma yo kurinda inyandiko za filozofiya no gukora na mwarimu wa filozofiya muri Gavceum ya Gavceum ya Sartre hagati ya 1930 yagiye kwimenyereza umwuga wa Berlin. Nyuma yo gusubira i Paris, umuhanga ukiri muto yagarutse ku murimo wa mwarimu.
Filozofiya n'ibitabo
Inyandiko za mbere zingenzi muri biografiya ya Jean-Field Sartra yagaragaye mu mpera za 1930. Urupapuro rwambere rwigitabo "Noshnota" rwanditswe muri Gavre. Gutangazwa mu 1938 byagize ingaruka zometseho igisasu cyacitse: Umwanditsi yerekana ko afite ubuswa bwo kubaho, akaduruvayo no kwiheba, kubyerekeye kudashyira mu gaciro. Intwari y'igitabo gitangirwa ku mwanzuro ko guhanga.
Umwaka utaha, Jean-Paul Sarre agaragaza igitangaza gishya - icyegeranyo cya 5 cyvel ", izina ryawo ryatanze inkuru ya mbere. Inyandiko zombi zihinduka ibintu byiza byo gusoma igifaransa.
Intambara ya kabiri yavuye kuri Jean-Fiellifiya Sartre: Kubera ubuhumyi, amaso ye yoherejwe imbere, ariko mu mubiri w'ikirere. Nyuma yo gukorana n'Abadage, umwanditsi amara mu kigo cyakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa cy'ibihe by'intambara, ariko mu 1941, umubumbe w'ubumenyi bw'impumyi bwasohotse, Sartre asubira mu nyandiko.
Mu 1943 mu gitabo, gukina "isazi" ". Umugani wa kera w'Abagereki ushingiye ku kubabaho mu gusesengura ibibazo by'ubusa.
1943 Kuberako Jean-Umurima wa Sartre Yatsinze: Ubwa kabiri bwitwa "inyuma yimiryango ifunze" nakazi "Kubaho Ntakintu" cyongeweho Kina " Ibitabo Soma amamiriyoni, ibinyamakuru n'ibinyamakuru byanditswe kubyerekeye filozofiya ikomeye, ubwenge bwe bwa ubusa. Ibitabo byatangajwe Emerera Sartra kuva mu kwigisha no kwibanda kuri filozofiya n'ibitabo.
Ku bahanga mu by'intore z'Abafaransa, igitabo "Itangiriro kandi nta kintu" kiba desktop. Urudodo rutukura binyuze mu mirimo ni igitekerezo cy'uko nta ubwenge - hariho ukumenya isi gusa idukikije. Umuntu ashinzwe ibikorwa byiza biri imbere nabandi.
Ibitekerezo by'Abaseri Jean-Umurima birazwi cyane ku buryo filozofiya iba ikigirwamana cya paris, abafana b'inyigisho ze, abato babaho, babaho, bagiye muri Paris "cafe fleur". Icyamamare cyo kubaho mu gisekuru gikiri gito cy'Abafaransa gisobanurwa n'Umwuka wo gucumbika umudendezo - ucumbika, muri iyo myaka ikirere cyatewe. Sartrovsk "Umuntu araringwa ko afite umudendezo" ahinduka intego, fetish.
Mu 1946, Jean-Paul Sartre yerekanye ibitekerezo kubasomyi kandi barwanira gukina ikintu kimwe "muburyo bwiza". Nyuma yimyaka 7, Artes Films Situdio yarashe filime aho Louis de Füne yacuranzwe. Kandi mu 1955, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti ku mukino, ikinamico "Lizzy Mckei" cyazamutse, uruhare runini aho gukunda Orlov.
Mu nyandiko ze, Jean-Paul Sartre yanze igitekerezo cyamamare cy'ubutazi bwa Sigmund. Igifaransa cyo mu Bufaransa kivuga ko umuntu ahora akora ubishaka, kandi agerageza kwandika ibikorwa ku kintu cyigenga, physiologiya - kugerageza kwirinda inshingano. Nk'uko Sarteri, ndetse n'ibitero by'imitsi ntibigenda ubwabyo, baraziza babishaka.
Mu myaka ya za 1960, Sartre muri zenith y'icyubahiro. Aranegura ibigo by'imibereho, gushinjaka mu kwambura uburenganzira bwa muntu, amahame yemewe na leta yita ku ndangamuntu, n'amategeko - yo guhagarika umudendezo. Abanyeshuri ba Cummy bemeza ko igihe cyo kwigaragambya gusa nigihe kimwe cyo kurwanya ibigo mbonezamubano gusa bitsindishirizwa: Gutunganizwa hamwe na gahunda kandi Amasezerano ya Sartre ntabwo amenya.
Mu 1964, wa filozofiya yanze igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel, kutabishaka guhindurwa "ikigo cy'imibereho", aho yari Zeep. Filozofiya yabaye ikimenyetso cya Revolution 1968. Yarenje Abayahudi, agaragariza intambara zo muri Alijeriya na Vietnam, aregwa Amerika kubera igitero cya Cuba, na USSR - muri Cekosolovakiya. Ubuturo bw'umuyobozi bwari kabiri, abarwanyi binjiye mu mwanditsi.
Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1968 mu gihe cyongeye gusubira mu butegetsi bw'abanyeshuri, yafashe impinduramatwara ya Sorbinna yemereye Jean-selifiya gusa. Mugihe cy'imvururu zijyanye no kwigaragambije, umunyeshuri utekereza kandi ikigirwamana yafunzwe. Charles De Gaulle, amaze kubyumva, yagize ati:
"Voltaire y'Ubufaransa ntabwo itera."Filozofiya yararekuwe.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Nkumunyeshuri, Jean-Pawulo yahuye na Simono de Bovwar. Kugaragara kwa sartre (ibisebe, amenyo yumuhondo yambaye itabi, isura yumurongo, ubwiyongere bwa metero 1.58) ntabwo yahagaritse ubwiza bwijimye. Simoni yanditse ko yahuye n'impanga n'imana. Umurima udakonje, Umurima wa Jean-uzengurutse imbaga y'abantu bifuza Igifaransa, uwo ntahwema kuva mu rupfu.
Sartre na Bovwar babaye abayoboke ba leta, ariko muri ubu bushakashatsi hariya habaye ibitangaje kandi bikaba bitera idini ndetse n'Ubufaransa hamwe na Nrawals ye. Umufilozofe yahise ahindura Simoni kumugaragaro, akomeza gutuza kandi anahinduka n'abagabo n'abagore. Ubukwe ntabwo "bwagoye" abana n'ubuzima - abashakanye babaga mu ngo zitandukanye maze bahura igihe bashaka.
Igitabo hamwe na Aristocrat kuva mu Burusiya Olga Kozakirach yazaga ubuzima bwihariye bwa bombi. Umufaransa yashimye ubwiza, amwiyegurira "urukuta" rwe maze amara. Simona ntiyagumye mu madeni - yashutse Kozakevich kandi yegurira igitabo cye "Yaje kuguma." Nyirati wabaye umwe mu bagize umuryango, Sartre yashimishijwe na mushiki we - Wanda.
Hanyuma umwarimu wa Bovwar yashutse umunyeshuri wimyaka 16 Natalie Sorokin. Bidatinze, umukobwa aba nyirabuja wa Sartre. Mama Sorokina yinubiye Minisiteri y'Uburezi, Simona arara.
Icyemezo cy'uwo bashakanye bageze mu zabukuru kugira ngo cyereke uburenganzira ku murage w'ubuvanganzo wa nyirabuja ukiri muto - Alizyke Arlessress al-Kaim - umugore ararakaye, ariko ntiyarakaje. Ibihe ni uko umujinya wa sartre, agerageza kurinda umuragwa mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko, na we ntiyayoboye asya: Simoni yaje mu ndorerwamo - afata akazi n'amafaranga umukobwa muto. Ariko igihe Jean-Paul yiruka hirya no hino, hari umwizerwa - nubwo burumvikana ko byumvikana - Simoni.
Urupfu
Nyuma y'ubuzima bwa Glaucoma, yakoze Umunyamerika Sart Cimpu. Ntiyanditse, ahubwo yatanze ibibazo maze ategura amakimbirane n'abayoboke. Mbere y'urupfu, umuhanga mu bya filozofiya yamusabye kuyakoresha nta patosi n'amabuye arambuye: uburyarya na parade Epitaphitis yari mwiza.
Parisan uzwi cyane yapfuye hagati muri Mata 1980 avuye kuri edema y'ibihaha. Mugihe ukekaga, gushyingura kumugaragaro ntibyatangaje. Ariko iyo urugendo rubabaje rwagendaga ku nkombe y'ibumoso rwa nyakatsi, Abapayiniya ibihumbi 50 bifatanya na bo ubwayo.
Urupfu rw'umugabo we na Kumir Bovwar rwafashe bikomeye: uhereye guhungabanya gato no gutwika ibihaha. Simoni yarokotse umugabo we imyaka 6, yamaze gukubita no kwibagirwa. Ikintu cyo gusenga cyarazimiye, kandi ntihari byumvikana mubuzima bw'ejo hazaza. Boroni bovwar mu mva imwe hamwe n'umugabo we ku irimbi rya Montparnasse.
Bibliografiya
- 1938 - "Noshnota"
- 1939 - "coten"
- 1943 - "Isazi"
- 1943 - "Itangiriro kandi Nta kintu"
- 1943 - "Kumuryango ufunze"
- 1946 - "Igituba cyiza"
- 1948 - "amaboko yanduye"
- 1951 - "Sekibi n'Umwami Mana"
- 1964 - "Amagambo"
Amagambo
"Nta kintu gishya. Yabayeho."
Abandi. "Ikuzimu ni abandi."
"Niba urambiwe wenyine nawe, noneho uri mu muryango mubi."
"Buri gihe ushinzwe ibyo ntagerageje kwirinda."
"Mu rwego rwo kugirira impuhwe ububabare bw'undi, birahagije kuba umuntu, ahubwo kugira ngo tubabarimpuhwe n'ibyishimo by'undi, ugomba kuba umumarayika."
"Ubuhanga ntabwo ari impano, ariko inzira yatowe mu bihe bikomeye."