Tari
Jayayya kan yadda ake kiran SARTRE, Kashi a yau. Martin Heerigger ya tabbatar da cewa Jean-marubuci ne, kuma Vladimir Nabokover ya kira mai cehun. Amma duk wanda ya haɗu da cewa alamar mai zurfin tunani kuma masanin ilimin halayyar zai dace da shi.Shahararren Faransanci yana da masu sha'awar duka da masu sukar. Na farko cirewa rubuce-rubucen ta hanyar da zaren ja suke ne na wauta na zama, 'yanci da kadaici.
Sartre ana kiranta tsafi na Beszhabashphena Paris da Uban Fahimwa, wanda ya rinjayi lokacin, wanda ya ba shi kyautar Nobel. Amma na bayyana cewa "'yancinsa zabi ne Allah!", Ba komai.
Magungunan koyarwa na koyarwar sararra da ke yin rikodin marubucin a cikin mutumSALATESE da suna na Sociopath, wanda ɗan adam ya sa tashin zuciya. Gaskiya an haɗa shi wani wuri a tsakiya.
Yaro da matasa
Jean-Paul Charles Kardal Sardr - Parisa. Haihuwar 1905 a cikin dangin Bourgeois. Dan wasan bai tuna da mahaifa ba - jami'in Sojan Sojan: Jean-Battist ya mutu daga zazzabi lokacin da yaron ya cika shekara guda da watanni 3. Daga baya, dan peculiarly "godiya" na gode "da iyaye, yana kiran mutuwar StarRa Sarter kawai: Mahaifa bai tayar da shi ba.
Ann-marie moly yaro, yi hakuri yana girma ba tare da Ubansa ba. Wani dalili na tausayi mai sanyin hali shine bayyanar da yaro: Jean--Bulus da aka haife shi da ido na hagu da belm a hannun dama. Yaro da aka yi da shekaru 12 ya girma ta hanyar Daffodil da Egentric. Amma a cikin tsufatuta, da falsafa, da ƙasayoyin suna ji kamar "kayan aiki da ba ma'ana da ma'ana da manufa."
Mahaifiyar mai haske mai haske ta hanyar rayuwa ta asali ta hanyar Elsass masana kimiyya. Charles Schwitzer - kakanin Safitre - Farfesa-Jamusanci - Farfesa Jamus, wanda aka kafa a babban babban jami'in Faransa. Uncle - Albert Schweitzer - Nobel Laureates, Noboologiani da Kirista 'yan Adam.
Zhan-Paul SoTre ya girma a cikin zuma (ƙungiya a kudancin gefen keken na see), a cikin gidan sanannen kakan, inda danginsu suka kewaye saurayin da ƙauna. Amma ba su jira ba: a cikin littafin labari ", marubucin da ake kira rayuwa a cikin gidan Jahannama, wanda ke mulkin mafaka mai rauni. Abin lura da cewa kawu, girma a cikin wannan Haikali, ya bayyana yanayin iyali kamar dumi mai ban mamaki.
Inisisin, Sartra ta zama "samfurin" ilimi. Kakakin Katolika na Katolika Footal footy, suna dariya a cikin addinin "rabin", daga abin da Jean-Paul ya kammala cewa dukkan addinan ba su cancanci dinari ba.
Ilimi game da falsafar ya karɓi a cikin Lyceum na Porta La Rochelle a Yamm Faransa, sannan a cikin Jami'ar Paris Noris Noris), bayan da ya zarce gasa mai wahala. Bayan kare haddin falsafar da aiki da aikin falsafa a cikin Gavrian Lycian Lycian Lycian na Sashinre a cikin tsakiyar 1930s ya tafi yin horo a cikin Berlin. Bayan ya dawo Paris, wani matashi masanin kimiyya ya koma aikin malamin.
Falsafa da Littattafai
Na farko muhimmin labari a cikin tariogara Jean-Filin Sartra ya bayyana a ƙarshen ƙarshen 1930s. Shafukan farko na littafin labari "Noshnota" an rubuta a cikin Gavre. Bugawa a 1938 suna da tasirin fashewar bam: marubucin yana nuna wauta na kasancewa, hargitsi da yanke ƙauna, game da rayuwar rayuwa. Jarumi novel ya zo da yanke shawara cewa akwai mahimmancin kirkira.
A shekara mai zuwa, Jean-Paul Sattre ya gabatar da sabon mamaki - tarin litattafan 5 "bango", sunan wanda ya ba da labarin farko. Dukansu rubuce-rubucen sun zama al'amuran haske don karanta Faransanci.
A sakamakon yaƙin Duniya na biyu yaƙin yaƙin yaƙin Jean-filayen Ser-filayen Sartre: Saboda makanta, ba a aika da idanunsa zuwa gaban ba, amma a cikin jikin malami. Bayan mamakin da Jamusawa na Faransa, marubucin ya kare a cikin sansanin fursunoni na yaki rabin shekara, amma a cikin 1941, ya dawo da masanin masananta na Semi-makafi.
A shekara ta 1943 ga littafin, wasan "wasa" ya kai. Wani tsohuwar tatsuniya ta dogara ne da mai wanzuwa don nazarin matsalolin matsalolin zamani.
1943 ga Jean-felin Sartre Traimphal: Na biyun da ake kira "A baya kofofin" da kuma babu komai "kwari". Littattafai sun karanta miliyoyin, jaridu da mujallu an rubuta game da babban babban abin da aka yi, "ayoyinsa. Littattafai da aka buga suna ba da izinin SARRA don barin koyarwa da kuma mai da hankali kan falsafa da wallafe-wallafe.
Ga masaniyar ilimi na Faransanci, Littafin "Farawa da wani abu" ya zama teburin. Red zare ta hanyar aiki shine tunanin cewa babu wani rai - akwai ainihin duniyar da ke kewaye da mu. Mutum yana da alhakin cikakken aiki gaba da kowa.
Alkalan Jean-Filin Sartra sun shahara sosai cewa gunkin Paris, magoya bayansa, matasa masu halaye ne ". Shahararren Fahimtar da samari na Faransanci aka yi bayanin ta ruhun 'yanci, wanda a waɗancan yanayin ya kasance mai rauni. Sararin Sartrovsk "mutum yana wanzuwa ya zama 'yanci" ya zama taken, Feto.
A cikin 1946, Jean-Paul Sarrt ya gabatar da dabarun masu karatu da kuma alakar wasa guda ɗaya "mai kyau slut". Bayan shekaru 7, kayan aikin fina-finai studio sun harbe fim ɗin da Louis de Füne ya taka. Kuma a cikin 1955, a cikin Soviet Union a kan wasa, wasan "Lizzy McKei" ya tashi, babban rawar da aka taka, babbar rawar da ake wasa da ƙaunar Orlov.
A cikin rubuce-rubucen, Jean-Paul Sarrre ya ki amincewa da sanannen sananniyar ra'ayin da bai sani ba daga Sigmund Freud. Faransa ta yi ikirarin cewa mutum yana aikata a hankali, kuma yayi ƙoƙarin rubuta ayyukan akan wani abu mai zaman kanta, camtial - yunƙurin guje wa nauyi. A cewar Sarter, har ma da hare-hare masu hare-hare ba zato ba tsammani, kuma sun yi birgima.
A cikin shekarun 1960 suka fara a cikin Zenith na ɗaukaka. Ya soki cibiyoyin zamantakewa da ke ciki, suna zargin zama a kan makamashi game da kare hakkin dan adam, ka'idojin doka suna kiran shaidar levevating, da kuma dokokin 'yanci. Studentaliban da ke cikin Stumby sun amince da cewa ba zato ba tsammani ne kawai aka tabbatar da zanga-zangar jama'a game da cibiyoyin zamantakewa: tsari tare da shirin da kuma jadawalin SARTRE bai gane ba.
A shekarar 1964, falsafanin da ya ƙi bayar da kyautar Nobel, ba son shi ya juya ya zama "zamantakewa", da wanda yake da himma sosai. Falsafar ta zama alama ce ta juyin juya halin na 1968. Ya kare Yahudawa, sun yi zanga-zangar ta Algeria da Vietnam da Vietnam da Vietnam da Vietram na Vietnam, da kisan mamayewar Kyuba, da kuma USSR - a Czechoslovakia. Mazajewar shugaban ya kasance sau biyu, maharan sun karu cikin editan.
A lokacin bazara na 1968 yayin sake sake na sake dawowa a cikin juyin juya halin 'yan juyin juya halin satar' yan wasan sakandare sun ba da 6an shekaru 63 kawai Jean-filayen. A lokacin tarzoma da ke hade da zanga-zangar ta gaba, da matalauta dalih da aka tsare. Charles de Gaulle ya ji labarin, ya ce,
"Faransa Choltaires ba ta shuka."An sake Falsafa.
Rayuwar sirri
Kamar yadda ɗalibi, Jean-Bulus ya sadu da Simono de Bovwar. Bayyanar SARTRE (squint, kyafaffen hakora, fuska mai faɗi, karuwa 1.58 m) bai daina kyau da kyau ba. Saminu ya rubuta cewa ya sadu da tagwayen da allahntaka. Rashin daskarewa na waje, Jean-filin da ke kewaye da taron ya yaba da mutuwar Faransanci, ga wanda ya bar mutuwa har mutuwa.
SARTTE da Bovwar ya zama ma'aurata masu fama da farar hula, amma a cikin wannan aure akwai bakon da yawa da kuma jin zafi ko da Faransa tare da nrawals kyauta. Mai Hadin Kan akai-akai kuma ya canza Saminu, ta ci gaba da nutsuwa kuma ta canza da maza da mata. Aure bai "rikitattun" yara da rayuwa - mata maza sun rayu a cikin gidaje daban-daban kuma sun hadu lokacin da suke so ba.
Wani labari mai ban sha'awa tare da aristocrat daga Rasha Olga KZAKHEVICH ya nuna ma'ana ga rayuwar mutum. Bafaranshe na Faransa da ke sha'awar ta da kyau, sadaukar da ita a kanta "bango" kuma ya ciyar da lokacin hutu. Simona bai kasance cikin bashi ba - yaudare Kozonevich kuma ya sadaukar da nata " Saraka ya zama memba, kuma Safi ya zama mai sha'awar 'yar uwarta - Wanda.
Sai malamin ya yaudare wani dalibin dan shekara 16 Natalie Sorokin. Ba da da ewa yarinyar ta zama farka na Sartre. Mahaifiyata Sorokina ta koka da Ma'aikatar Ilimi, kuma Simona ta harba.
Hukuncin ya yanke shawarar mijinta ya isar da hakkokin da ke cikin gidan farka - Algere Arlette Al-Kaim - Matar ta fusata. A yanayinta shi ne cewa, Sartre da yake so, kaji tsoron doka da oda, wanda shi ma bai kai ga niƙa guda ba: Simon ya zo ga madubi da kudi ga budurwa. Amma sa'ad da Jean-Bulus ke gudana a kusa, akwai mai aminci - komai girman abin da baƙon da yake sauti - Saminu.
Mutuwa
A ƙarshen rayuwar Glaucoma, ya sanya Jean-Fiel Sertru makaho makaho. Bai yi rubutu ba, amma ya rarraba masu tambayoyi da kuma shirya jayayya da mabiya. Kafin mutuwa, Falsafer ya nemi shi ya kashe shi ba tare da takaice da dabarun masana gani ba: Innunkerly da parade repitophitis shi ne kyakkyawa shi.
Shahararren Parisa ya mutu a tsakiyar Afrilu 1980 daga Edema na huhu. Kamar yadda kuka yi tsammani, jana'izan hukuma ba su yi shelar ba. Amma lokacin da pasarin baƙin ciki yake motsawa tare da bankin hagu na hay, dubu 50 (50,000) ya shiga ciki ba da jimawa ba.
Mutuwar mijinta da Kumir Bovwar sun kwashe wuya: Daga ban tsoro tare da kumburi na huhu. Simon ya tsira mata mijinta tsawon shekaru 6, wanda ya ciyar dashi a cikin gogewar da mantawa. Abinda na yisti ya bace, kuma babu ma'ana a rayuwar nan gaba. Boroni Bovwar a cikin kabari daya tare da mijinta a kan makabartar Montparnasse.
Littafi daya
- 1938 - "nosnota"
- 1939 - "Coten"
- 1943 - "kwari"
- 1943 - "Farawa da komai"
- 1943 - "Don rufe ƙofofin ne"
- 1946 - "Slutous Slut"
- 1948 - "Hakkin datti"
- 1951 - Iblis da Ubangiji Allah "
- 1964 - "kalmomi"
Faɗa
"Babu wani sabon sabo. Ya wanzu."
"Jahannama wasu ne."
"Idan ka gundura shi kadai tare da ku, to, kuna cikin mummunan al'umma."
"Kullum kuna da alhakin abin da ban yi ƙoƙarin hana ba."
"Domin tausayawa wahala wani, ya isa ya zama mutum, amma don tausayawa farin ciki, amma kuna buƙatar zama mala'ikan."
"Genius ba kyauta bane, amma hanyar da aka zaba ta cikin matsananciyar wahala."