Biography
Impikiswano malunga nendlela yokubiza i-sartore, okokugqibela namhlanje. UMartin Heidiyoger waqinisekisa ukuba uJean-Paul ungumbhali, noVeladimir Nabhov babiza isithandi-sobulumko. Kodwa wonke umntu uguqula ukuba umfanekiso wokucinga kunye nogqirha wezengqondo uya kumlinga.IsiFrentshi esidumileyo sinababini abathandekayo kunye nabagxeki. Eyokuqala iqaqambisa imibhalo apho imingxunya ebomvu iyizihloko ezingaqhelekanga, inkululeko kunye nesizungu.
USartore ubizwa ngokuba sisithixo se-Bezbashnya Paris notata wokungafaniyo, ephembelela ixesha, awathi wakhuphela iqashiso lebhaso. Kodwa ndatsho ukuba "inkululeko yakhe kukhetho lokuba nguThixo!", Abhalisa nto.
Abachasi beemfundiso zikaSartra bangcikiva umbhali etroneni kwaye igama yiSocokulala, ongenzanga isicaphucaphu. Inyaniso yayinamathele kwindawo ethile embindini.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
UJean-Paul Charles Emar Sarr - Parisan. Wazalwa ngo-1905 kwintsapho ye-bourgeois. Amazibulo akazange akhumbule umzali - igosa lomkhosi wenqanawa: Ibambisi likaJean lafa kumkhuhlane otyheli xa inkwenkwe izalisekisiwe unyaka no-3. Emva kwexesha, unyana "ngohlobo olufanelekileyo" umzali, obiza ukufa ngaphambi kwexesha: UBawo akazange amvukele.
U-Ann-Marie Arlery mntwana, Uxolo ngokuba uyakhula ngaphandle koYise. Esinye isizathu sokuba ithe themational engekho mthethweni yayikubonakala kwinkwenkwe: UJean-Paul wazalwa enento ephuma kwiliso lasekhohlo kunye ne-belm ngasekunene. Umntwana owenziwe ngeminyaka eli-12 ukhulelwe yiDaffodil kunye ne-egocecection. Kodwa kubudala, isithandi-sobulumko kunye nesincoko savuma ukuba kwiminyaka yokuqala wayeziva ngathi "sisixhobo esibonakalayo, isidalwa ngaphandle kwentsingiselo kunye nenjongo."
Umama wommeli oqaqambileyo ovela kuhlobo lwenzululwazi ye-Elssass. UCharles Schuitzer-Utat'omkhulu uSarre-Philologist-Jamanist, uNjingalwazi, osekwe kwikomkhulu leyunivesithi yaseFrance. Umalume-Albert Schweitzer - Nobel Laurete, umsitho wezakwalizwi kunye nezambatho zamaKristu.
UZhan-Paul Sarrre wakhulela ebusi ubusi (i-command kunxweme olusemazantsi eSeine), endlwini yotatomkhulu odumileyo, apho izalamane zayo zijikelezile inkwenkwe. Kodwa abalilindanga: kwinoveli "la mazwi", umbhali obizwa ngokuba yintsapho kwindlu yesihogo, elawula uhanahaniso oluvuthayo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba umalume, ukhule kwindlu enye, wachaza imeko yosapho njengokufudumala.
Ukungakholelwa kubukho bukaThixo, uStratra waba yimveliso "yemveliso" yemfundo. Umakhulu kaMakhulu kunye notatomkhulu, ehleka "kwinkolo" yesiqingatha, awagqiba kwelokuba uJean-UPawulos ugqibe kwelokuba zombini iinkolo azifanelanga penny.
Ezemfundo Isithandi-sobulumko esifunyenwe kwiLiyceum yasePorta La Rochelle entshonalanga yaseFrance, emva koko kwiYunivesithi yaseParis Portus Sud (iSikolo esiPhambili esiPhakamileyo), sidlulise ukhuphiswano olunzima. Emva kokukhuselwa kwentanda-bulumko kwaye usebenze ngutitshala wefilosofi kwiGavrian Lyceum yaseSartor phakathi kwe-1930s waya kwi-quarnershin. Emva kokubuyela eParis, inzululwazi incinci yabuyela emsebenzini katitshala.
Ifilosofi kunye noncwadi
Izincoko zokuqala ezibalulekileyo kwiibhayiloji ze-Saan-Free uSartra wavela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1930. Amaphepha okuqala enoveli "uNoshutaso" abhalwa eGavre. Ukupapashwa ngo-1938 kwanefuthe lebhombu eyaphukileyo: Umbhali ubonakalisa ukungabi nangqondo yokuba, isiphithiphithi kunye nokuphelelwa lithemba, malunga nokungasebenzi kakuhle ebomini. Iqhawe lenoveli liza kwisigqibo sokuba kukho intsingiselo yobuchule.
Elandelayo, uJean-Paul Strarere wenza isimangaliso esitsha-yingqokelela ye-5 yeNoveli ", igama lalo linike ibali lokuqala. Zombini ezibhaliweyo zaba ziziganeko eziqaqambileyo zokufunda isiFrentshi.
Isiphumo semfazwe yesibini esesibini esiphelile kwiParty Part: Ngenxa yobumfama, amehlo akhe ayethunyelwa ngaphambili, kodwa kumzimba wezemgoorological. Emva kokuhlala ngamaJamani, umbhali uchitha kwinkampu yoxinaniso yamabanjwa eMfazwe yeSiqingatha sonyaka, kodwa ngo-1941, kwakhululwa i-metali-bilist.
Ngo-1943 ukuya kupapasho, umdlalo "weempukane ufikelelwa. Intsomi yamandulo yamaGrike isekwe kwi-alcominalist yokuhlalutya iingxaki zolwazi oluhlaziyiweyo.
Ngo-1943 kwintsimi yeJean ye-Sarrre Triumpal: Owesibini wabizwa ngokuba "ngasemva kweengcango ezivaliweyo" kunye nomsebenzi "kunye nomsebenzi" ukuba "wongezwa kwi-Vied" yokudlala ". Iincwadi Funda izigidi ngezigidi, amaphephandaba kunye neemagazini zibhalwa ngesithandi-sobulumko esikhulu, i-idligigia yakhe. Iincwadi ezipapashiweyo Vumela i-Stratra ishiye ukufundisa kwaye igxile kwintanda-bulumko kunye noncwadi.
Kwingqondo yesiFrentshi e-Enclite, incwadi ethi "Genesis kwaye akukho nto 'iba yidesktop. Intambo ebomvu ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi yingcinga yokuba akukho sazi-kukho kuphela ukuzaliseka kwehlabathi elisingqongileyo. Umntu unoxanduva lwezenzo ezifanelekileyo ngaphambili kunye nomnye umntu.
Iingcamango zikaJean-Field Sortra zithandwa kakhulu kangangokuba intanda-bulumko iba ngumlandeli, abalandeli beemfundiso zakhe, ooviilicials, baya kwiParis "cafe de umfutha". Ukuthandwa kokungafakwanga kwi-French kuyachazwa ngumoya wenkululeko, leyo kule minyaka iye yenzeka. I-Sartravsk "Indoda iFule ikhululekile" iba yimotto, ifakwe.
Ngo-1946, uJean-Paul Sarrre wazisa iimbono kubantu abafundayo kunye nabalandeli badlala " Emva kweminyaka esi-7, i-studis yeFilsms Studio ifilimu apho kudlalwa khona i-louis de füne. Kwaye ngo-1955, eSoviet Union ngokudlala, umdlalo "Lizzy Mckei" waphakanyiswa, eyona ndima idlalwa ngayo uthando luka-Orlov.
Kwimibhalo yakhe, uJean-UPaul Sarrre uyala umbono odumileyo wokungazi kwi-sigmund freud. Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo waseFransi ubanga ukuba umntu uhlala esenza ngendlela efanelekileyo, kwaye azame ukubhala izinto ezenzekileyo kwinto ethile ezimeleyo, umzimba-umzamo wokuphepha uxanduva. Ngokutshutshiswa, kwanendawo yokuhlasela i-hystes ayizizo, kwaye baqengqeleka.
Ngo-1960s sarrere kwi-Zenitho yobuqaqawuli. Ugxeka amaziko akhoyo entlalontle, etyhola ngokungena-Interfations kumalungelo oluntu, imilinganiselo yomthetho ibiza ukuba i-IDvisaling, kunye nemithetho - uxinzelelo lwenkululeko. Abafundi bakaCummy baqinisekisa ukuba kuphela uqhankqalazo oluzenzekelayo kunye nexesha elinye nxamnye nabahlali banesizathu: Ukuhamba okucwangcisiweyo kunye nenkqubo kunye neTshatha yeSartor ayiboni.
Ngo-1964, intanda-bulumko yala imbambano kaNobel, engayifuni ukuba iguqukele ibe liqela elithi "intlalo", awayeyilo. Isithandi-sobulumko saba luphawu lovukelo lwe-1968. Wakhusela amaJuda, wakrokrela iimfazwe ze-Algesian kunye neVietnam, ezazityholwa eMelika ekuhlaseleni kweCuba, kunye ne-USSR - eCzechoslovakia. Indawo yokuhlala yenkokeli yayiphinda kabini, imikhosi yaqhekeka emhleli.
Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1968 ngexesha lezinto eziphindaphindwayo zabafundi ngaphakathi kwi-Sorbo Revolistries efakiweyo zavumela uJean-jean-jeans. Ngexesha le-riots ezinxulumene noqhanqalazo olulandelayo, ukucinga kunye nomfundi we-idol ubanjiwe. UCharles de Gullele, evile ngayo, wathi:
I-France Voltaire ayityali. "Isithandi-sobulumko sakhululwa.
Ubomi Buqu
Njengomfundi, uJean-UPawulos wadibana noSimono de Bovwar. Ukubonakala kwe-sartor (i-squint, amazinyo atywine, ubuso bomqolo, ukunyuka kwe-1.58 m) akuyeki ubuhle be-SLIM. USimon wabhala ukuba wadibana newele lakhe kunye nothixo. Umntu ongagungqiyo ngaphandle, i-jean-fula irhawule isihlwele sokuqaqamba isiFrentshi, kuba ebengashiyi ekufeni.
I-Sarrre kunye neBovor baba ngamaqabane oluntu, kodwa kulo mtshato kwakukho into engaqhelekanga kwaye inesibindi nange-frances kunye neenkansile zayo zasimahla. Isithandi-sobulumko siphindaphindiwe kwaye satshintsha kancinci uSimon, wahlala ezolile kwaye etshintshela ngamadoda nabafazi. Umtshato wawunge 'bubunzima "bantwana nobomi-amaqabane ahlala kumakhaya ahlukeneyo kwaye adibana xa befuna.
Inoveli ene-aristocrat evela eRussia Olga Kozakivich yayibonisa ubomi besibini. Umfo waseFransi uchukunyiswe bubuhle, wazahlulela 'kudonga lwakhe "wachitha iholide yakhe. USimona akazange aqhubeke ematyaleni-ulahlekisile i-Kozakedich kwaye wanikezela inoveli yakhe "waza wahlala." Inkosikazi yaba lilungu losapho, kwaye uSarte waba nomdla kudadewabo - Wanda.
Emva koko utitshala weBovwar wahenda umfundi oneminyaka eli-16 ubudala uNatalie Sollrokin. Kungekudala le ntombazana yaba yinkosikazi ye-sartore. Umama uSorokina wakhalaza kwiCandelo loMphathiswa Wezemfundo, kwaye uSinza wagxothwa.
Isigqibo seqabane elikhulileyo ukuba badlulisele amalungelo eLifa leMpilo kwiMnayile incinci-iAlgese Arlette Al-Kalette al-Kaim - kodwa wayengamangalisi. Imeko kukuba abathandayo abathandanayo, bezama ukukhusela ngokusemthethweni i-haress, abakhange bakhokelele ekugayeni: uSimon weza esipilini - wathabatha umsebenzi kunye nemali kwintombazana encinci. Kodwa xa uJean-Paul ubalekayo, kwabakho uvakala, nokuba lungazaliseki kangakanani na, Simon.
Ukufa
Ngexesha lokuphela kobomi be-Glaucoma, wenza i-jer-fiel ye-sarred. Akazange abhale, kodwa wasasaza udliwanondlebe kwaye walungiselela iimbambano. Ngaphambi kokufa, intanda-bulumko yamcela ukuba ayichithe ngaphandle kwe-patrologists kunye ne-necrologists enkulu: Ukunganyaniseki kunye ne-parade ye-epitaphititi yayimhle.
IParisian edumileyo iswelekile phakathi e-Epreli ngo-1980 ukusuka kwi-Edema yemiphunga. Njengoko ufumanisa, umngcwabo wasemthethweni akazange abhengeze. Kodwa xa iprojekti yosizi yayihamba ecaleni kwebhanki yasekhohlo ye-hay, engama-50 amawaka eParissia yangenayo.
Ukusweleka komyeni wakhe kunye noKumir Bovwar kuthatha nzima: ukusuka kunkwantyo kancinci ngokususwa kwemiphunga. USimon wasinda umyeni wakhe iminyaka eyi-6, eyachithileyo ngokulibala. Into yonqulo yanyamalala, kwaye kwakungekho qondo kubomi bexesha elizayo. IBoroni Bovwar kwingcwaba elinye kunye nomyeni wakhe kumangcwaba eMontParnasnase.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1938 - "Noshuthati"
- Ngo-1939 - "windows"
- Ngo-1943 - "Iimpukane"
- Ngo-1943 - "Genesis kwaye akukho nto"
- Ngo-1943 - "Iingcango ezivaliweyo"
- Ngo-1946 - "i-slut ye-lut"
- Ngo-1948 - "Izandla Ezimdaka"
- Ngo-1951 - "MvaMdala kunye Nkosi Thixo"
- Ngo-1964 - "Amagama"
Iikowuti
Akukho nto intsha. Wayekho. "
"Isihogo ngabanye."
"Ukuba unesithukuthezi kunye nawe, uya kuluntu olubi."
"Uhlala unoxanduva lwento endingazami ukukhusela."
"Ukuze ube nemfesane ukubandezeleka komnye umntu, kwanele ukuba ngumntu, kodwa ukuze ube nemfesane ngovuyo lomnye umntu, kufuneka ube yingelosi."
"Ubukhwehlisi asisipho, kodwa uhambo olukhethwe kwiimeko ezinxungupheleyo."