Biography
Kunetsana pamabatiro ekudaidza sartre, pekupedzisira nhasi. Martin Heidegger akasimbisa kuti Jean-Paul munyori, uye Vladimir Nabkov akadana muzivi. Asi munhu wese anoshandura icho chiratidzo chevanofunga uye psychologist ichamukodzera.ChiFrench chakakurumbira chine vese vanoyemura uye vatsoropodzi. Wokutanga akakurudzira zvakanyorwa kuburikidza neiyo tambo dzvuku dzakateedzerwa kweshungu dzekuve, rusununguko uye kusurukirwa.
Sartre inonzi chifananidzo cheBeso Paris uye baba vekuvharira, izvo zvakakurudzira nguva, iyo yaakapihwa mubairo weNobel. Asi ndakazivisa kuti "rusununguko rwake chisarudzo kuva Mwari!", Saga.
Vapikisi vedzidziso dzekudzidzira kushora Munyori Munyori MuMarysionateness uye zita iSecoopath, rine vanhu vakakonzera kushusha. Chokwadi chakabatanidzwa pane imwe nzvimbo pakati.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Jean-Paul Charles Emar Sardr - Parisan. Akazvarwa June 1905 mumhuri yeBourgeois. Dangwe racho harina kuyeuka mubereki - mukuru weNavy: Jean-Barist akafa neyakafa fivhiri kana mukomana akazadziswa gore uye mwedzi mitatu. Gare gare, Mwanakomana akakwana "anovonga" Mubereki, achishevedzera rufu rusingaperi rwe sarra rakangotanga kupa mvumo, ivo Baba havana kumumutsa uye vasina kumutambudza.
Ann-Marie Ballery mwana, ndine hurombo kuti anokura asina baba vake. Chimwe chikonzero chetanzwisiso isingarambidzike ternaly yaive kutaridzika kwemukomana: Jean-Paul akaberekwa aine ziso rekuruboshwe nemberi kurudyi. Mwana akapambwa aine makore gumi nemaviri akakura ne dafodil uye egingric. Asi muhukuru, muzivi uye munyaradzo uye mudzidzisi akabvuma kuti mumakore ekutanga ainzwa senge "chishandiso chinooneka, chisikwa chisina chinangwa nechinangwa."
Amai vemumiriri akajeka wekutangisa kubva kuGerus yeElsass masayendisiti. Charles Schweitzzer - Sekuru Sartre - Philologist-Germerist, purofesa, yakavakirwa muguta guru reFranuistic yunivhesiti. Sekuru - Albert Schweitzer - Nobel Laureate, wezvechitendero uye wechiKristu munhu.
Zhan-Paul Sartre akakurira muuchi (maneji pamhenderekedzo yeSouth yeSekuru), mumba yevasekuru vakakurumbira, uko hama dzavo dzakakomberedza mukomana nemukomana uye rudo. Asi ivowo havana kumirira: Mubhuku "" iro "munyori anonzi hupenyu huri mumba magehena, akabata hunyengeri hunoputika. Zvinokosha kuti babamunini, vakura mumba imwechete, akarondedzera mamiriro emhuri sekushamisika.
Kutenda kuna Mwari, Sarra kwakava "chigadzirwa" chedzidzo. Ambuya vaKatorike uye sekuru vekuratidzira zvinosuruvarisa, vachiseka pahafu ye "hafu ye" chitendero, kubva kwaiita kuti Jean-Paul akagumisa kuti zvitendero zviviri zviviri hazvina kukodzera dhenari.
Dzidzo Muzivi anotambirwa muLyceum of Porta La Rochelle muWest of France, ipapo mune yekutanga Paris University supa (yepamusoro pedagogical chikoro), apfuura makwikwi akaoma. Mushure mekudzivirirwa kwehunyanzvi hwekudzikama uye kushanda nemudzidzisi weuzivi muGavani Lycer Lycreum of Sartre pakati-1930s akaenda kundovhurwa muBerlin. Mushure mekudzokera kuParis, musayenditi wechidiki akadzokera kubasa remudzidzisi.
Uzivi uye mabhuku
Nyaya dzekutanga dzakakosha muzvinyorwa zveJean-munda Sparra yakaonekwa mukupera kwe1930s. Iwo mapeji ekutanga ebhuku "Noshota" akanyorwa muGavre. Rubumbozha muna 1938 rwakava nemhedzisiro yebhomba rakaputsika: Munyori anoratidza kusanzwisisika kwekuve, mhirizhonga uye kushushikana, nezve kusanzwisisika kwehupenyu. Gamba reNovhare rinouya kumhedzisiro yekuti pane kuve nechinangwa kuve kugona.
Gore rakatevera, Jean-Paul Sartre anounza chishamiso chitsva - muunganidzwa wemupenzi 5, rusvingo "rwaipa iyo yekutanga nyaya. Zvinyorwa zviviri zviri zviviri zvinova zviitiko zvakapenya zvekuverenga French.
Hondo yenyika yechipiri yakapfuura nepakati peJean-minda Sartre pati: Nekuda kwehupofu, maziso ake haana kutumirwa kwete kumberi, asi mumuviri wemitezo. Pashure pokugara nevaGerman veFrance, munyori anoshandisa mumusasa wevasungwa vehondo hafu yehondo pagore, asi muna 1941, meterologist bofu akasunungurwa, sartre akadzokera kunyora.
Muna 1943 kusvika kubhuku, kutamba "nhunzi" kwakasvika. Chidimbu chekare chechiGiriki chakavakirwa pane chinogara chichiongorora matambudziko ezvino.
1943 Kune iyo Jean-munda weSartre Kukunda: Iyo yechipiri inonzi "kuseri kwemasuo akavharwa" uye basa "kuva nechinhu" yakawedzerwa kune yekunyepedzera kutamba "nhunzi". Mabhuku akaverenga mamirioni, mapepanhau nemagazini zvakanyorwa pamusoro pemuzivi mukuru, nhungwaru hwake husina basa. Mabhuku ebundu anobvumidza Sartra kusiya kudzidzisa uye kuisa pfungwa pane uzivi uye mabhuku.
Kune veFrench veFrench velite, iro bhuku "raGenesi uye hapana" rinova desktop. Tambo tsvuku kuburikidza nekushanda ndiyo pfungwa yekuti hapana kuziva - pane kungoziva nyika yakatikomberedza. Munhu ane basa rekuita akakwana pamberi uye chero ani zvake.
Pfungwa dzaJean-shamba dzeStarra dzakakurumbira zvekuti muzivi anova chifananidzo, iwo mafani edzidziso dzake, vadiki vagari vechidiki, vari kuenda kuParis "cafe de Fleur". Kuzivikanwa kwekuwisirwa muRarle yechidiki kwechiFrench kunotsanangurwa neMweya weRusununguko - Kugara, uko mumakore iwayo mamiriro ezvinhu akange akanaka. Iyo sartrovsk "murume anoteedzerwa kusununguka" anova motto, fetish.
Muna 1946, Jean-Paul Sartre akataura mazano kune vaverengi uye vateveri vachitamba kamwe-mutambo "wakanaka slut". Mushure memakore manomwe, maArms Films Studio akapfura iyo firimu mune iyo louis de füne yakatamba. Uye muna 1955, muSoviet Union pamutamba wekutamba, kutamba "Lizzy McKi" kwakamutswa, chikamu chikuru chairidzwa nerudo rwe orlov.
Pane zvaakanyora, Jean-Paul Sartre anoramba pfungwa yakakurumbira yeasina kusaziva kubva kuSigmund Freud. Iye anofunga zveFrance anoti munhu anogara achiitika nehana, uye kuyedza kunyora zviito pane chimwe chinhu chakazvimiririra, piny-tsika - kuedza kudzivisa mutoro. Zvinoenderana nesango, kunyange hystious kurwiswa hakuna zvatemwa, uye vakatenderera nehanya.
Muna 1960s vanodzora muZenith yekubwinya. Anoshora masangano emagariro aripo, achipomera munyama kodzero dzevanhu, nongedzo dzemutemo dzinodaidza kuti kuzivikanwa kuchiva, uye mitemo - kudzvinyirirwa kwerusununguko. Vadzidzi veCummy vanobvuma kuti zvinongoitika zvinongoerekana zvangoerekana zvazvinetsa. Kurumwa kwenzvimbo yemagariro kunoruramisa: Kufamba kwakarongeka nechirongwa uye charter yeiyo sartre haizive.
Muna 1964, muzivi akaramba mubairo weNobel, asingadi kuti rirege kushandurwa kuita "sangano remagariro", pamusoro pawo zvake akada. Muzivi akava chiratidzo che1968 shanduko. Akadzivirira maJuda, akarwisa maAlgeri uye eVietnamese hondo, achipomerwa nezve America yekupinda Cuba, uye iyo USSR - muCzechoslovakia. Kugara kwemutungamiri kwaive kaviri, varwi vakapwanya mupepeti.
Muchirimo cha19588 panguva yemudzidzi anodzokorora mukati mekutapwa Scobonna Revolution vaingobvumidza chete makore makumi matanhatu nematanhatu jean-minda. Munguva yemhirizhonga inosanganiswa neinotevera kuratidzira, iye anofunga uye mudzidzi wezvidhori zvakasungwa. Charles de Gaulle, akati anzwa nezvazvo, akati:
"France volрires haidyadzi."Muzivi akasunungurwa.
Hupenyu Hwako
Semudzidzi, Jean-Paul akasangana naimono osamwar. Kutaridzika kweiyo sartre (squint, yakasvuta meno meno, mutsara wakatarisana, kuwedzera kwe1,58) haina kumisa runako runyoro. Simon akanyora kuti akasangana naTwin neUMwari. A isisiri-ine chando zvachose, jean-munda wakakomberedza boka revanhu kuyemura kwechiFrench, uyo waaisasiya kufa kusvika parufu.
Sartre naBovwar vakava vabati vehurumende, asi muwanano iyi kwaive kwakanyanya kushamisa uye kushamwaridzana kunyange neFrance narawals. Muzivi wenguva dzose akadzokorora uye akashandurwa pachena Simoni, akaramba akadzikama uye akachinjawo nevarume nevakadzi. Muchato hauna "kuoma" vana uye hupenyu - vakaroora vaigara mudzimba dzakasiyana uye vakasangana pavaida.
NOLOL ine aristocrat kubva kuRussia Olga Kozakhevich yakava kuenzanisira hupenyu hwomunhu oga. Iye muFrance anonakidzwa nerunako, akazvitsaurira kumadziro "ake uye akapedza zororo rake. Simona haana kuramba ari muchikwereti - akanyengedza Kozakevich uye akazvitsaurira "kuti agare." Matehani akava nhengo yemhuri, uye sartre akatanga kufarira hanzvadzi yake - Wanda.
Ipapo mudzidzisi weBovwar afan akanyengedza mudzidzi ane makore gumi nematanhatu Natalie Sorokin. Nenguva isipi musikana akava tenzikadzi weSartre. Amai Sorokina vakanyunyuta kuhushumiro hwedzidzo, uye Simona akadzingwa.
Chisarudzo chevakweguru Wawakaroora kuendesa kodzero dzekodzero dzeiyo nhaka yemutauro wechidiki - Algerke Arlette Al-Kaim - mukadzi akatsamwira, asi haana kushamisika. Mamiriro ezvinhu ndeaya anovharidzira, achiedza zviri pamutemo muHeless, zvakare haana kutungamira kugeda: Simon akauya kugirazi - akatora basa nemari kumusikana wechidiki. Asi Jean-Paul ari kumhanyisa kutenderera, pakanga paine akatendeka - zvisinei nekuti zvinonzwika sei - Simon.
Rufu
Munguva yekupedzisira yehupenyu hwaGlaucoma, akaita kuti Jean-munda anodzora mapofu. Haana kunyora, asi akabvunzurudzwa akabvunzurudzwa uye akaronga kukakavara nevateveri. Pamberi porufu, muzivi akamukumbira kuti aishandisa pasina maPatos neanonzwika nevecrologists: kusavimbika uye parade epitaphitis aive akanaka.
Parisian anozivikanwa akafirwa pakati paApril 1980 kubva Edema yemapapu. Sezvauri kufungidzira, mariro epamutemo haana kuzivisa. Asi apo kufamba kwekusuwa kwacho kwaifamba nemutengi rekuruboshwe kwevaHay, zviuru zana zveParisi vaijoinha.
Rufu rwemurume wake uye Kumir bovwar dzakatora zvakaoma: kubva mukuvhenekera zvishoma nekuzvimba kwemapapu. Simoni akapona murume wake kwezera re6, iro rakapedza mukupenya uye kukanganwa. Chinhu chinonamatwa chakanyangarika, uye pakanga pasina pfungwa muhupenyu hwamangwana. Boroni Bovwar muGuva rimwe nemurume wake paMontparnass Cemetery.
BHAIBHERI
- 1938 - "Notsota"
- 1939 - "Cott"
- 1943 - "Nhunzi"
- 1943 - "Genesi uye hapana"
- 1943 - "Kune mikova yakavharwa"
- 1946 - "Zvakanaka Slut"
- 1948 - "Maoko Akasviba"
- 1951 - "Dhiabhori naIshe Mwari"
- 1964 - "Mashoko"
Quotes
"Hapana chitsva."
"Helo vamwe."
"Kana iwe wakabhoikana wega newe, saka uri munharaunda yakaipa."
"Unogara uine mhosva yezvandisina kuedza kudzivirira."
"Kuti tinzwire tsitsi kutambudzika kwemumwe munhu, zvakwana kuve munhu, asi kuitira kuti tinzwire tsitsi nemufaro wemumwe munhu, iwe unofanirwa kuve mutumwa."
"Genesi hachisi chipo, asi nzira yakasarudzwa mumamiriro ezvinhu ainetsekana."