I-Biograge
Uthisha weSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia, uFeofan, ukululama kwathathwa ngo-1988 ngokholo olujulile, uthando ngoNkulunkulu nokuhlonishwa okuqotho. Umpristi wasebenza ekuphakameni ngokomoya kwabantu egameni lensindiso yemiphefumulo yama-Orthodox.Ubuntwana nentsha
Igama lokuvuselelwa kukaFeofan wokwenqatshwa emhlabeni - Georgy Govorov. Umfana wazalwa ngoJanuwari 10, 1815 esifundazweni sase-Oryol. Uyise, umpristi we-Orthodox uVasily Govorov, wakhonza eVladimir Church. Unina kaTatiana uTamezov uqhamuke emndenini wabaphristi.
Ukubikezela ukuthi kungaba yini i-biography yengane yabo, kwakulula. Abazali bakhuphukela iNdodana, bethula iVangeli, banikeze imiyalo ngokuya ngemiyalo, batshelwa ngokubaluleka kwempilo yabantu engokomoya. Kusukela esemncane, umfana wahlanganyela emicibishweni yama-Orthodox, ekhonza e-altare lethempeli, lapho kwakusebenza khona uyise.
Ngo-1823, uGerorgy wanikezwa isikole esingokomoya. Umfana wakhombisa intshiseko nentshisekelo yolwazi. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-6, wayiphothula ngempumelelo izifundo zakhe wangena e-Oryol ngokomoya. Wayethanda ukufunda nokufunda izincwadi. I-seminarist ngesicelo sakhe uqobo idlule enkambweni yezemfundo kwifilosofi.
Njengoba sesithole isibusiso sombhishobhi we-tin, uGeorgy Govorov waya eKiev Great Academy. Ukuze impumelelo ephumelelayo yomfundi ithunyelwe lapho ukuze iqhubeke nezifundo zayo ngokulahlekelwa umbuso.
Njengoba esondelene nenzalo, le nsizwa yaqonda iziyalo ezintsha futhi yazibonakalisa njengemvelo yokudala. Waqala ukubhala amanothi nemisebenzi emincane yenkolo. UGerorgy uthandile ukuthatha umhlalaphansi emakhoneni athule eKiev-Pecherks eseKechersk futhi athandaze. Lesi sikhathi sezazi zemfundiso yenkolo kamuva sabheka enye yezinhlonipho kunazo zonke empilweni yakhe. Yize kunjalo, ngaleso sikhathi lapho abona ukuthi angathanda ukuhlanganisa impilo nokwenza isikweletu se-monastic.
Ukugcina esimweni
Ngo-1840, uGovorov waphendukela ebuholini be-Academy, kanye nangesikhathi esedlule sezindela. Lo mcimbi wabanjwa ebusika baka-1841 ngaphansi kobuholi bukaYise kaJeremiya, umbhedo wesikhungo semfundo. Ngakho-ke uGerorgy Govorov uthole igama likaFeofan ukuhlonipha umquba ongcwele ongcwele. Ngawo lowo nyaka, indela yathola iSan Irodicone futhi yayisivele yanikezelwa e-Hieromona ehlobo. I-KEEH Academy umpristi ethweswe iziqu zenkosi, evikela i-thesis.
Ngemuva kokufunda uGodlov, waqoka umlando wesikole esingokomoya saseKiev-Sophia, lapho, ngaphezu kwemfundiso yolimi lwesiLatin, wafunda impilo kanye nokuphila kwabangcwele beSonto LaseRussia Orthodox. Ngo-1842, uBaba Feofan waba ngumhloli we-Novgorod Seminary. Lapho, wafundisa ukucabanga kwengqondo ne-psychology, ukuletha ebuchosheni babafundi umbono wesidingo somsebenzi ovukayo. Ngokusho kothisha, isayensi eyomile akufanele ibuse empilweni yomuntu, ngaphandle kokushiya indawo ephelelwe yisikhathi.
Ngo-1844, i-Faofan yamisa uthisha weSt. Petersburg Academy. Umfundisi wasebenza eMnyangweni Wezenkolo Yezokuziphatha Nencwadi Yokweluleke, futhi kakade ngo-1845 wakhulela kumhloli wezikhungo zemfundo. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, izazi zemfundiso yenkolo zaba yilungu lomsebenzi ongokomoya waseRussia eJerusalema.
Njengengxenye yeqembu, wafika ePalestine, wabe eseya ezweni elingcwele. IMonki yaqhubeka nokufunda izilimi zesiFulentshi neyaseGreki, yajwayelana nemibhalo yesandla yokuqala, izisekelo zamanye amahlelo: ama-grigoriasm, ubuKatolika, amaLuyela.
Ukuqala kwempi yaseCrimea kwamisa imisebenzi yomsebenzi waseRussia eJerusalema. Ngo-1853, ababambiqhaza bayo babuyiselwa eRussia. Ngo-1855, uBaba Fefan wanikezelwa ku-Archimandrite, waphinde waqala ukufundisa i-Sacred Academy eSt. Petersburg. Kakade ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, isazi semfundiso yenkolo sadluliselwa eposini le-Olonetsk Seminary. IMonki yaholelwa isikhungo semfundo kanye nomsebenzi wokwakha ogadiwe ngokwakhiwa kabusha kwawo.
Ngo-1856, uBaba Feofan waya eConstantinople ukufeza izibopho zokwakhiwa kwenxusa laseRussia. Ngemuva konyaka, kunqoba inhlonipho nendawo, kwakhiwa futhi kwakhiwa nemfundiso yenkolo ehlakaniphile yabuyela eRussia, lapho yathatha khona okuthunyelwe komthetho weSt. Petersburg Gogran Academy. Ngokufana, wahlanganyela kulo magazini ukushicilela okubizwa ngokuthi "ukufunda kobuKristu".
Ngo-1859, u-Archimandrite wadluliselwa eSan Bishop Tambov noShatsk. Emigodini yakhe, izikhungo zemfundo kanye nezikole zivele. I-Educational Case Case Feofan ayishiyanga ezinye zezindawo zenkonzo yakhe. Kepha kaningi wayezibuza ngobumfihlo nabesilisa.
Ngo-1863, umbhishobhi wadluliselwa eMnyangweni waseVladimir-on-Klyazme, lapho aqala khona nohlobo lweDiocesan futhi afuna ukwandisa inani lezikole nezikole. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, insizakalo iyekile ukuletha ukwaneliseka kuyise ka-fefan, futhi waphendukela kwi-Synod ngesicelo sokwabela ezindabeni.
Ngokwesicelo seNonk, wanqunywa yi-Abbot of the Koshensky Desert. Ngakho-ke kwaqala isango lomfundisi. Akavami ukuthi abe nezivakashi nezivakashi. Kumaseli, indela ihlele iSonto Lendlu, lapho asebenza khona i-Divine Liturgy. UFeofan Ukulahla uchithe izinsuku zakhe emithandazweni, waphinde wahola umsebenzi wezenkolo, ephendula izincwadi zabantu abanxusa usizo kuye, nezeluleko nemiyalo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yangasese kababa uFeofan yayinamandla amakhulu, malini nemisebenzi yokusizakala kwesonto laseRussia. Ukuqondiswa kwemigomo ye-asceticism kukho konke okuqukethwe okuphakanyisiwe kuya okuncane. Ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yesayensi nakwezemibhalo, indela ebandakanyeka ekusebenzeni kwezandla.
Ezokungcebeleka wayesemuva kokubaza noma ama-lathe, owenziwe ngobuciko bokhuni. Ezinsukwini zokuhlala zahamba ngaphandle. Imvelo yancoma abefundisi. Kuye, wabona umqhele wendalo. Lapho kuchithwa uBaba Fefan kwakuyisibonakude, lapho izazi zemfundiso yenkolo zibuka uLuminais wasezulwini. UFeofan Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kuphinde kwabhala izithonjana nezingubo zokuthunga zedwa.
Okuthunyelwe okuphezulu ne-SAN akuzange kusithinti isimo sengqondo sikababa kaFiofan kwabanye. WayengoDemocratic futhi akazange avume emazwini nasezitalweni zokungezelela. Indoda iqhubeke ngokwanele, kepha hhayi ukuziqhenya. Abasengaphansi bathembela eMonk futhi bahlonishwa ubuhle, ubuhlakani nokuhlakanipha.
Ukushona
UFeofan The Navitnik ushone esigodlweni ngo-1894. Wanikezwa izinhlungu nezifo zenhliziyo yenhliziyo, i-rheumatism ne-neuralgia. I-cataract ethuthukayo yaholela ekutheni ngo-1888 abefundisi bayimpumputhe ngakwesokunene. Imbangela yokufa yayiwumdala futhi ehambisana nezifo.
Ijenali yeNonk idlule ngoJanuwari 11th. Inani elikhulu labantu lafika lavalelisa kuBaba Feofan. Ukungcwatshwa kwabefundisi kwakuseKazan Cathedral of Sunday Desert.
Izingcweliswa zikaFeofan The Navdapa zidluliselwe, futhi namhlanje zigcinwa ethempelini likaSt Sergius waseSt. Sergius waseSt. Ungajwayelana nesithombe sikampristi ngenxa yobuchwepheshe besimanje abakwazi umsebenzisi we-Intanethi.
I-Bibliography
- I-1859 - Ukuqoqwa Kwezintshumayelo "Izwi Le-Archimandrite Feofan"
- Ngo-1861 - "Amagama kuya Tambov Pacial"
- Ngo-1868 -1869 - Incwadi Yezinkulumo "Indlela Yokusindiswa"
- 1887 - "Imicabango yansuku zonke zonyaka"
- Ngo-1891 - "Umbhalo WobuKristu Wokuqala"
- Ngo-1891 - "Amahubo Ikhulu neshumi nesishiyagalombili, elihunyushwe nguBishop waseFauofan"
- Ngo-1892 - "Izincwadi eziya kubantu abahlukahlukene ngezihloko ezahlukahlukene zokholo nokuphila"
- Ngo-1898 - "Izincwadi Zokuphila KobuKristu"
- "Iminyango yokuphenduka. Amagama nentshumayelo "
- "Izifo Nokufa"
- "Ukulwa Nezinkanuko"