I-Feofan Reatizer - Biography, iifoto, ubomi bomntu, iincwadi, unobangela wokufa

Biography

Utitshala weCawa ye-Orthodox yaseRussia, uFeofian, ukubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo wayene-canonsered ngo-1988 ngenxa yokholo olunzulu, eluthandweni ngoThixo nangokunyaniseka. Umbingeleli wasebenza ekuphakanyisweni kwabantu egameni losindiso lwemiphefumlo ye-orthodox.

Ubuntwana noLutsha

Igama lokuphinda-phinda kwe-feofan yokwaliwa kwehlabathi - iGeorgy Gevorov. Inkwenkwe yazalwa ngoJanuwari 10, 1815 kwiPhondo le-Oryol. Utata wakhe, uMbingeleli waseOrthodox Vasly govorov, wakhonza kwiCawa yeVladimir. Umama kaTatiana Tamezov wavela kwintsapho yababingeleli.

Ukuqikelela ukuba inokuba yintoni i-biography yomntwana wabo, kwakulula. Abazali bamnyusela uNyana, bazisa ivangeli, banika imiyalelo ngokwemiyalelo, baxelelwa ngokubaluleka kobomi bokomoya. Ukususela ebudaleni, inkwenkwana ithathe inxaxheba kumazwe e-Orthodox, ekwakukholwa esibingelelweni setempile, apho uyitata wakhe wasebenza khona.

Ngo-1823, kwanikwa uGeorgy kwisikolo sokomoya. Inkwenkwe yayibonisa inzondelelo kunye nomdla kulwazi. Emva kweminyaka emi-6, wayezigqiba ngempumelelo izifundo zakhe waza wangena kwi-Oryli Sokomoya semina. Wayekuthanda ukufunda nokufunda iincwadi. Isemina kwisicelo sakhe saphuhlisa ikhosi yemfundo kwifilosofi.

Emva kokuba efumene intsikelelo ye-bishop yaseTin, iGeorgy Govorov yaya kwiKiev entle. Ukufumana impumelelo ephumeleleyo yomfundi ethunyelweyo ukuba iqhubeke nezifundo zazo ngeendleko zombuso.

Ngeempawu ezikufuphi nenzala, umfana oselula ufikelela kwimihla yomiso kwaye wazibonakalisa njengendalo yokuyila. Waqala ukubhala amanqaku kunye nemisebenzi emincinci yenkolo. UGeorgy wayekuthanda ukuthatha umhlala phantsi kwiikona ezizolileyo zeKiev-Pechersk kwaye uthandaze. Eli xesha labafundisi bezakwalizwi kamva babethathwa emva kwesona sihlonipho ebomini bakhe. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kwakulapho waqonda ukuba angathanda ukudibanisa ubomi nokuphunyezwa kwetyala leMonavic.

Inkonzo

Ngo-1840, i-govorov yajika yaba yinkokeli yeZiko, kunye nexesha elidlulileyo leemonki. Umsitho wabanjwa ebusika oneminyaka eli-1841 phantsi kobunkokeli bukayise njengoyise wembali kaYeremiya, umhlawuleli weziko lemfundo. Ke uGeorgy Govorov wafumana igama likaFaofan ngembeko ye-Consephan eNgcwele. Kwakuloo nyaka, iMonki yafumana iSan Ierodicine kwaye yayinikezelwe kwiHieromona ukuya ehlotyeni. I-Kiev Academy umbingeleli waphumelela kwisimo senkosi, ekhusela i-thesis.

Emva kokufunda i-godlov, wamisela uMgcini weSikolo seKievv-Sofia, apho, ngaphandle kwemfundiso yolwimi lwesiLatin, wafunda ubomi bobuchwephesha baseRussia. Ngo-1842, uTata uHerofan waba ngumhloli wesemina ye-NoVgorod. Apho wafundisa i-logic kunye nengqondo yengqondo, eza nokuqonda abafundi umbono wemfuno yomsebenzi wokuvuswa. Ngokutsho kotitshala, isayensi eyomileyo akufuneki kulawule ebomini bomntu, ngaphandle kokushiya indawo yokuphelelwa.

Ngo-1844, uFifan wamisela utitshala we-St. Petersburg Academy. Umfundisi-ntsapho wasebenza kwiSebe leMfundo leMilinganiselo yokuziphatha neyokuqala, kwaye sele eneminyaka eli-1845 wakhulela kumhloli weziko lemfundo. Emva kwexesha elithile, abafundi bezakwalizwi baba lilungu lenjongo yokomoya yaseRussia eYerusalem.

Njengenxalenye yeqela, wafika ePalestina, emva kwelizwe elingcwele. I-MONK iqhubekile ukufundisisa iilwimi zesiFrentshi kunye nesiGrike, iqhelene nemibhalo-ngqangi yentsusa, iziseko zamanye amahlelo: grigorias, ubuKatolika, ubuKatolika.

Ukuqala kwemfazwe yolwaphulo-mthetho kuyeka imisebenzi yeMishini yaseRussia eYerusalem. Ngo-1853, abathathi-nxaxheba babo babizwa eRussia. Ngo-1855, utata uFefan wanikezelwa kwi-Akrimatrite, kwaye waphinda waqalisa ukufundisa i-Stred Academy kwi-St. Petersburg. Sele emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa, umzi wezakwalizwi watshintshelwa kwisithuba sesemina ye-Olonetsk Seminary. Imonki yakhokelwa liziko lemfundo kunye nomsebenzi owonganyelwekhiweyo wokwakha ngokutsha kwakhona.

Ngo-1856, uTata u-fafun waya eConstantinople uza kuzalisekisa uxanduva lomvuzo weCawa yase-Ofisi yeRussia. Kunyaka emva konyaka, ukoyisa intlonipho kunye nendawo, eyenziwa kwaye i-Indodini ye-Indologiya yabuyela eRussia, apho wathabatha iposti ye-Acatersburg ngokomoya. Ngokuhambelana, wayethatha inxaxheba kwimagazini yokupapasha ebizwa ngokuba "kukufunda kobuKristu".

Ngo-1859, iViskimandrite yatshintshelwa kwi-san bishop tambov kunye ne-shatsk. Kwiidayi zakhe, amaziko emfundo nezikolo ezivele. Utata wezeMfundo uTata waseFeof akazange ashiye iindawo zobulungiseleli bakhe. Kodwa ngaphezulu kwaye rhoqo wayezibuza malunga nemfihlo nendoda.

Ngo-1863, ubhishophu watshintshelwa kwiSebe leMfundo laseVladimir-in-Kyadimir-in-Kyazme, apho wafumana khona uhlelo lweDiocesan kwaye wafuna ukwandisa inani lezikolo nezikolo. Ixesha elingaphezulu, le nkonzo iyekile ukuzisa ulwaneliseko kuTata Fefan, kwaye waguqukela kwiSynodi ngesicelo sokunika imicimbi.

Ngokwesicelo seMonki, wamiselwa yi-Abbot yeNtlango yeKosyensky. Yaqala ke isango labefundisi. Kwakunqabile ukuba neendwendwe kunye neendwendwe. Kwiiseli, iMonki iququzelele icawe yendlu, apho wayekhonza khona. U-Witookan uchithe iintsuku zakhe emithandazweni, ekhokelele umsebenzi wemibungu, ephendula iileta zabantu abanomdla kuye, iingcebiso nemiyalelo.

Ubomi Buqu

Ubomi babucala bukaTata uFefafan babunjengobuthando, yimalini kwaye mingakanani ukuze ufumane icawe yaseRussia. Ukuqhelaniswa nemigaqo-nkqubo ye-asceticism kuwo wonke umxholo ophakanyisiweyo oncinane. Ukongeza kwimisebenzi yenzululwazi neyencwadi, iMonki ibandakanyeka kumsebenzi wezandla.

Ukuzonwabisa wayengu-kotal emva kotywala okanye amalaphu, eyenziwe ngobugcisa. Ngeentsuku zokuhlala ngaphandle. Indalo yathandana ngabefundisi. Kuyo, wasibona isithsaba sendalo. Ekulahweni kukaTata uFefan wayeyiteleskopu, apho abafundisi babukela i-uninais yasezulwini. I-feokan i-rejuppitipe iphinde yabhala ii-icons kwaye ifakwe yedwa iimpahla.

Izithuba eziphakamileyo kunye neSan azichaphazeli isimo sengqondo sikaTalo's utawi kwabanye. Wayenentando yesininzi kwaye akazange avume kumazwi kunye neenkcazo zongezelelweyo. Indoda igcinwe ngokwaneleyo, kodwa ikrakra. Abaphantsi bathembisa iMonki kwaye bahlonitshwa ngenxa yobuhle, ubuthathaka kunye nobulumko.

Ukufa

I-Hoofan I-Navitnik yasweleka kwi-monastery ngo-1894. Wanikwa iintlungu kwaye wazithobela iingxaki zentliziyo, ubuhle kunye ne-nealgia. Itata yenkuthazo eqhubayo ikhokelele kwinto yokuba ngonyaka we-1888 umfundisi-ntsapho akayiboni iliso lasekunene. Unobangela wokufa yayiyiminyaka yakudala kunye nezifo ezihamba nalapho.

Ijenali yeMonki yadlula nge-11 kaJanuwari. Inani elikhulu labantu lafika lonto kuTata Wufitonxina. Umngcwabo wabefundisi wayekwiCathan Catatyral yentlango yeCawa.

Iziqwengana ze-felis ye-NavDapa zatshintshelwa, kwaye namhlanje zigcinwa kwiTempile yeSt. Sergius ye-ramonez, apho umntu ofundwayo afundwayo ngobufih. Unokuqhelanisa nefoto yombingeleli enkosi kubulele kubuchwephesha bale mihla banako umsebenzisi we-Intanethi.

I-Bibliography

• Ngo-1859 -Ukuqokelelwa kweentshumayelo "Ilizwi le-Archimandrite Feofan"
• I-1861 - "amagama kwi-tambov pacial"
• Ngo-1868 -1869 - Incwadi ethi "Indlela Yokusindisa"
• 1887 - "Iingcinga zemihla ngemihla yonyaka"
• Ngo-1891 - "Ukuziphatha Okubhaliweyo Kokubhaliweyo"
• Ngo-1891 - "iindumiso kwikhulu eline neshumi elinesibhozo leshumi elinesibhozo leshumi elinesibhozo leshumi elinanye,
• Ngo-1892 - "Iileta ezivela kubantu abahlukeneyo malunga nezifundo ezahlukeneyo zokholo nobomi"
• Ngo-1898 - "Iileta zoBomi bobuKristu"

Iileta kunye neentshumayelo ze-feofn i-Navashnik zidityanisiwe kwiingqokelela, ezilifa leMonk. Iincwadi ezipapashwe kwiminyaka engamashumi eminyaka emva kokuba ifile

• "Iingcango zenguquko. Amagama kunye nentshumayelo "
• "Izifo nokufa"
• "Iinkanuko zokulwa"

Iikowuti

"Unokuphila kwinkulungwane yonke ngeVangeli enye okanye umnqophiso omtsha - kwaye ufunde yonke into. Ikhulu elifundwe kalikhulu, kwaye yonke into iya kuba nengozi. "Kukho abantu abacinga ukuba bayandisa uluhlu lwenkululeko ekungazinzisiyo kwiminqweno yabo, kodwa xa I-sarappptoni ihamba, uqokelela ngelo xesha, bonke ubomi bangaphambili, oboko, ngokwesazela, sukuzimisa, nize nize nizenzele . Uyaxoka. Owona mngxunya uvela kumgaqo we-creek yinto ethobekileyo. "" Ungathi: "Andikwazi". Eli gama alingomKristu. ILizwi lamaKristu: "Nonke ndinoku". Ke zona, ingengabo, ize nizenzele ngokwaseNkosini.