Biography
The fate of this French artist presented him with a big talent, which brought recognition, but did not give wealth and glory. The famous painter, sculptor and graph of the XIX century on Eiran houses a majority of life devoted a caricature genre. Expulsed what seemed to him wrong, unfair, blatant - society, laws, bourgeoisie. His works raised the people to revolutionary barricades, and the Buntar-painter himself fought tirelessly with the authorities.Childhood and youth
The future artist was born on February 26, 1808 in Marseille, in the family of the Greasher. When the boy was 8 years old, his father transported the family to Paris, hoping that his craft would become more demand. At the same time, it was counted that the son would help him. But he did not show any interest in the glass case.
He grew up with a real exaggeration, the favorite occupation of the boy was to watch the life of the Parisian streets: there is a prostitutes in the doorway, and prostitutes are traded on the corner, the bullman unloads the trolley of fragrant croissants ...
A variety of interesting life, which I wanted to capture in all the beauty of the moment, was driving around the young onor. If he could create such drawings, which saw in albums from the book shop! But the boy only depicted cartoons on neighboring boys, coal on wrapping paper.
Having managed to work as an assistant to a lawyer, and a cucer in the book shop, the boy at the age of 14, finally, carried out a long-time dream - began to take the lessons of painting and sculpture. Soon I met in the gallery "Palle Royal" with famous artists of those times by Camille Coro, Eugene Delacroa, Jean Granville, began to work in the painter's workshop Ezhen Burden. In 1828, the onor was carried away by the new technique of the image - lithography. This genre performs its first works that bring him long-awaited earnings.
Creation
In the 1830s, the Litography of Honor saw the famous French cartoonist Charles Filippon, head of the first caricature of the first caricature magazine in France, and invited to cooperate.
Domier signed his journal work with a pseudonym of the Rodge. In 1832, he portrayed a new monarch Louis Philippe in the caricature image of Gargantua, for which he looked into prison for half a year, from where he came out with a famous and configured even more revolutionary. In 1830-1832, the houses created the gallery of sculptures and portraits-cartoons of bourgeois politicians called the "Celebrity of the Golden Mid".
In 1834, Paris, residents saw such lithographs such as the "Legislative Watch" (collective portrait of the deputies chamber), "We all honest people, we will", "this can be released."
In them, the author's vicious passions of the ruling bourgeoisie are exposed - greed, careful, stupidity, and heroic image of the working and revolutionary (lithographs "Freedom of the press" and "Modern Galilee").
Parisians were waiting for bright political and social works. Domier to enjoy the new portion of Satira, which is necessary at the time, more than ever, but few people knew the author of these masterpieces. But the masters talent appreciated friends, painhers such as Jean-Francois Mill, Coro and Delacroix. And also writers, including Victor Hugo, Onor de Balzac and Charles Baudelaire. Balzac said that Michelangelo himself lives in "Domune", and Baudelaire wrote that "his drawing is colorful in nature."
In 1835, the authorities closed the magazine "Caricature", then the houses goes to another edition of Filippone - "Sharivari" (Charivari). Here the artist also publishes his acute work for almost 30 years. The author's handwriting is the creation of thematic series.
For example, the "Ancient Story" series (1841-1843) ridiculed bourgeois art. In the series "Paris Types" (1839-1840), "Good Bourgeois" (1846-1849), "Justice People" (1845-1848) The author is consistent with the Meshchansky thinking, sales of officials, the fall of the morals.
After 1848, the artist changes the direction in the visual art - goes to painting, oil and watercolor. The genre focus of the work of the master is changing: an aggressive caricature is inferior to realistic domestic sketches, without deepening their deep social meaning. Heroes of his paintings are simple people, the heroes of modernity: workers, workers, peasants (the cycle "Bratka", the paintings of the third-class "car", "family on the barricade").
The crown of the picturesque period of the houses is considered to be a series of paintings "Don Quixote", in which the author symbolically portrayed a person in conditions of imperfect society and the world. Critics see in this existential series of autobiographical motifs: a lonely knight of the sad image is an onor himself, and its windmills are a vicious state system.
By the end of life, because of the needs, he again appeals to the lithograph genre, only now in the focus of attention of the painter military topics. The last masterpiece houses is a series of works "Osada", dedicated to the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871).
The heritage of the ones houses is almost 4 thousand lithographs, over 900 drawings for engravings, over 700 paintings and 60 sculptures. The artist's creativity was not widely recognized during life and was assessed only in the 20th century.
Today, the works of the genius of lithography are located in the largest collections of the world - the Metropolitan Museum in New York, the Walters Museum in Baltimore, the National Art Gallery in Washington, in Munich Pinakotek, Russian Hermitage and others.
In 1992, the animated film "The Law of Domey" was released on the screens, in which Jeff Dunbar director used drawings of a French caricaturist.
Personal life
The house dedicated all his life, including personal, combating the existing system and the ruling regime. As a true artist, he could not surrender his passion random, so he did not appear his wife and children.Death
In the 1870s, the houses rapidly worsens vision. Because of the progressive blindness, the artist became helpless, remaining in complete loneliness.
Friend-friendly friends came to the rescue. Camille Coro removed the house for an onion, hired a nurse and paid debts. Domier died on February 10, 1879 in full poverty in the suburb of Paris Valmduwa.
Paintings
- 1832-1834 - "Celebrities of the Golden Mid"
- 1834 - "Legislative Venus"
- 1836-38 - "Karicatyuran"
- 1834 - "Transnonen Street"
- 1850-53 - "Property"
- 1856 - "At the concert"
- 1863-65 - "Third Class" wagon "
- 1956-60 - "Melodrama"
- 1870 - "Don Quixote"
- 1870-71 - "Siege"