Ubuzima
Iherezo ry'uyu muhanzi w'Ubufaransa wamushyikirije impano nini, yazanye kumenyekana, ariko ntiyigeze aha ubutunzi n'icyubahiro. Irangi rizwi, Umunyabuko na Igishushanyo cya XIX ikinyejana kuri Eiran Amazu menshi yubuzima bwiganjemo ubwoko bwa karicatire. Yatumye habaho ibintu bisa nkaho ari bibi, akarengane, Blatant - Sosiyete, Bourgeoisie. Ibikorwa bye byatumye abantu bavangurana, kandi buntar-amarangi ubwe yararwana nabayobozi.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umuhanzi uzaza yavutse ku ya 26 Gashyantare 1808 i Marseille, mu muryango w'Abisharira. Igihe umuhungu yari afite imyaka 8, se yirukanye umuryango i Paris, yizeye ko ubukorikori bwe buzahinduka ibikenewe. Muri icyo gihe, yabaruwe ko umuhungu azamufasha. Ariko ntiyigeze atekereza ku rubanza rw'ikirahure.
Yakuze afite ubukana nyabwo, umwuga ukunda wumuhungu wagombaga kureba ubuzima bwimihanda ya parisiya: Hano hari indaya mumuryango, ni indaya zicuruza ku mfuruka, ibitotsi bipakurura Trolley ya Croissants ihumura neza .. .
Ubuzima butandukanye bushimishije, nashakaga gufata mubwiza bwose bwiki gihe, yatwaraga akiri muto. Niba ashobora kurema ibishushanyo nkibi, byabonye muri alubumu ziva mu iduka ryibitabo! Ariko umuhungu yerekanaga amakarito gusa kubahungu baturanye, amakara azenguruka impapuro.
Kuba warashoboye gukora nk'umufasha ku munyamategeko, kandi imbwebwe mu iduka ry'igitabo, umuhungu afite imyaka 14, yaje gukora inzozi ndende - yatangiye gufata amasomo yo gushushanya no gushushanya. Bidatinze, nahuye mu gasozi "palle Royal" hamwe n'abahanzi bazwi muri ibyo bihe by Camille Coro, Eugene Coro, EANNE DelaCroa, yatangiye gukora mu mahugurwa ya pirisile Ezhen Burden. Mu 1828, ONOR yatwarwaga na tekinike nshya yishusho - Lithography. Iyi njyana ikora imirimo yayo yambere izamuzanira amafaranga ategereje.
Kurema
Mu myaka ya 1830, Litography y'icyubahiro yabonye umuyoboro uzwi cyane wa Cartooniste Charles Feles Feles Fumanda, umutware wa karicature ya mbere y'ikinyamakuru cya mbere cya karitature mu Bufaransa, maze atumira gufatanya.
DOMIer yasinyanye ikinyamakuru cye gikora hamwe nizina ryinzemu. Mu 1832, yerekanye umwami mushya Louis Philippe mu gishushanyo cya Caricatue cya Gargantua, aho yarebaga muri gereza igifungo kimwe cya kabiri cy'umwaka, aho yasohoye afite impinduramatwara izwi kandi yashizweho. Mu 1830-1832, amazu yashyizeho ububiko bwibishusho n'amashusho-amakarito ya politike ya burugeo yise "icyamamare cyo hagati ya zahabu".
Mu 1834, Paris, abaturage babonye iyo nkuru nk'iyi "Ishinga Amategeko" (Igishushanyo rusange cy'Umutwe w'Abadepite), "twe abantu b'inyangamugayo," ibi birashobora kurekurwa. "
Muri bo, irari ribi ry'umwanditsi ryo gutegeka Bourgeoisie bashyizwe ahagaragara - umururumba, witonde, ishusho y'intwari yo gukora no kuvumburwa "umudendezo" wo mu gahangano "na" Galilaya igezweho ").
Abaparuwasi bari bategereje imirimo ya politiki n'imibereho. Domier kugira ngo yishimire igice gishya cya Satura, igihe gikenewe muri kiriya gihe, ariko abantu bake bari bazi umwanditsi w'izo kigo. Ariko impano ya Masters yashimye inshuti, abamamaza nka jean-francois urusyo, Coro na EroCroix. Kandi n'abanditsi, barimo Victor Hugo, Onor de Balzac na Charles baudelaire. Balzac yavuze ko Michelangelo ubwe aba muri "domune", na Baudelaire banditse ngo "igishushanyo cye gifite amabara muri kamere."
Mu 1835, abayobozi bafunze iki kinyamakuru "Caricature", noneho amazu ajya muyindi nyandiko ya filippone - "Sharivari). Hano umuhanzi atangaza kandi gukora cyane mugihe cyimyaka hafi 30. Inyandiko yumwanditsi ni kurema abasekuruza.
Kurugero, "inkuru ya kera" (1841-1843) gushinyagurira burundu ibihangano bya Bourgeois. Mu ruhererekane "Ubwoko bwa Paris" (1839-1840), "Bourgeois" (1846-1849), "Ubutabera" (1845-1848) Kugurisha Abayobozi, Kugwa kw'Imyitwarire .
Nyuma ya 1848, umuhanzi ahindura icyerekezo mubuhanzi buboneka - bujya gushushanya, amavuta na mariba. Ubwoko bwibanze bwakazi bwa Databuja burahinduka: Caricature ikaze iri munsi yigitugu cyo murugo, idakomeje ibisobanuro byimbitse. Intwari zo gushushanya kwe ni abantu boroheje, intwari z'Ikigereranyo: abakozi, abakozi, abahinzi "bratka", igishushanyo cya gatatu ", umuryango kuri bariyeri").
Ikamba ryigihe ryiza ryamazu rifatwa nkibikorwa byashushanyaga "Don Quixote", aho umwanditsi agaragaza umuntu mubihe byumuryango udatunganye ndetse n'isi. Abanegura babona muri uru rukurikirane ruhari rwitabi za autobiographiografiya: umutware wigunze wishusho ibabaje ni orior ubwe, kandi umuyaga wacyo ni sisitemu mbi.
Mu mpera z'ubuzima, kubera ibyo ikeneye, yongeye gusaba ubwoko bwa LITTHOGRA, ubu ukibanda ku ngingo za gisirikare zishushanyije. Amazu ya nyuma y'igihanga ni urukurikirane rw'ibikorwa "Osada", yeguriwe intambara ya Franco-Prussian (1870-1871).
Umurage w'Amazu hafi yimiti 4, ibishushanyo 900 kubishushanyo, amarangi arenga 700 nibishusho 60. Guhanga muhanzi ntabwo byari byemewe cyane mugihe cyubuzima kandi byasuzumwe gusa mu kinyejana cya 20.
Muri iki gihe, imirimo y'ubuhanga bwa Lithography iherereye mu bihe bikomeye by'isi - Inzu Ndangamurage ya Metropolitan i New York, inzu ndangamurage y'igihugu i New York, inzu ndangamurage y'igihugu i Washington, muri Munich Pinakotek, muri Munich Pinakotek, muri Munich Pinakotek, muri Munich Pinakotek, muri Munich Pinakotek, muri Munich Pinakotek, muri Munich Pinakotek, muri Munich Pinicotek, Hermitage y'Abarusiya n'abandi.
Mu 1992, film ya animasiyo "Amategeko ya Domey" yarekuwe kuri ecran, aho Jeff Dunbar umuyobozi ukoresheje igishushanyo cya Caricaturist ya Caricaturist ya Caricaturist ya Caricaturist.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Inzu yeguriwe ubuzima bwe bwose, harimo kugiti cye, kurwanya sisitemu iriho hamwe nubutegetsi bubi. Nkumuhanzi nyawe, ntabwo yashoboye gutanga ibyifuzo bye, nuko atagaragara umugore we nabana.Urupfu
Mu myaka ya 1870, amazu akomeye cyane. Kubera ubuhumyi butera imbere, umuhanzi yabaye atishoboye, asigaye mu bwigunge byuzuye.
Inshuti-zinshuti za Inshuti zaje gutabara. Camille Coro yakuyeho inzu igitunguru, yaharaniye umuforomo kandi yishyuye imyenda. Domier yapfuye ku ya 10 Gashyantare 1879 afite ubukene bwuzuye mu nkengero za Paris Valmduwa.
Gushushanya
- 1832-1834 - "Ibyamamare bya zahabu"
- 1834 - "Amategeko Venus"
- 1836-38 - "Karicatyuran"
- 1834 - "Umuhanda wa Transnonen"
- 1850-53 - "UMUTUNGO"
- 1856 - "Ku gitaramo"
- 1863-65 - "Icyiciro cya gatatu" Wagon "
- 1956-60 - "Melodrama"
- 1870 - "Don Quixote"
- 1870-71 - "Kugota"