Biography
Anatoly Koni is a public figure and a judicial speech, honorary academician and the Senator of the State Council. A man who called himself "the servant of justice, and not the governments," survived the three revolutions and had followed its principles by the end of the days.Childhood and youth
The judiciary was born in St. Petersburg on February 9, 1844. Father Fedor Alekseevich - Pedagogue, theater critic and playwright. Mother Irina Semenovna (in the greatness of Yurieva) - the author of the collection of stories "Test of the girls of Yurieva" and the actress specializing in comic roles.
From parents, the boy inherited love for the theater and literary talent. Although the last quality was also developed by communicating with Ivan Ivanovich Lazhchchnikov, his godfather and historical novelist, who knew Alexander Pushkin.
In addition to Anatolia, Evgeny was brought up in the family. Both sons received a home primary education. Fyodor Alekseevich, respecting the teachings of Cant, chose a special way of raising children and clearly adhered to him. So, according to the rules of the Generator of German philosophy, the child should pass four stages. This is the acquisition of discipline, labor, behavioral and moral skills.
The purpose of theatrical criticism was to teach sons to think. Therefore, both not only studied books, but also constantly discussed with the Father, read, thereby developing the independence of thinking.
At 11 years old, the boy began to go to school at the Church of St. Anne. The fourth class ended in the second St. Petersburg gymnasium. At the same time, with pleasure, additional classes attended - he listened to the lectures of famous professors. Then the gym saw himself as a mathematician. And already in 1861, without accustomed one year (which allowed the rules of the educational system), he entered the desired faculty of St. Petersburg University.
Shortly before that, Koni met with two officials of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Lawyers expressed surprise that the young man chose mathematics, while the judicial reform was worn in the air. " Anatolius dismissively responded about their activities.
Spore and gamble in the eyes of the interlocutors, their eloquence touched the doubting student. And when the University of St. Petersburg closed for an indefinite period due to the starting unrest in society, translated into Moscow to the Faculty of Law.
Divided from the family the guy decided for himself that childhood was over. Refusing to parental care, Anatoly worked as a tutoring, teaching arithmetic, history, literature. At the same time, she tried to cover as much as possible - besides lectures, the theaters were attended, a lot of books, he read a lot of books, including the works of foreign scientists.
Personal life
Anatoly Fedorovich did not associate itself with marriage. According to quotations from his letters, the man was recognized in the absence of any personal life. Although there is information that a love interest in a public figure in different years of biography was still.In the service in Kharkov, he met with the University Comrade Sergei Moroshkina and faded firmly. With his sister, Koni had even planned the wedding, however, nothing has happened, largely due to the state of health. Doctors diagnosed in men anemia and sent abroad for treatment.
For many years, Anatoly led a correspondence with a married lady with love Grigorievna Gogel. Such communication has developed with Elena Vasilyevna Ponomareva - the number of their letters passed for a hundred. The woman was younger for 24 years, but their friendship turned into something more. In 1924, she moved to Koni's house, becoming a reliable assistant, established life and remained with him until death.
A cool attitude to marriage in a man has developed not only because of excessive employment, but also "thanks to" memories of childhood. Parents' relationship mature lawyer described as "family ruin". Calm in the house was a rare guest. It is not surprising that the divorce of the father and mother became not only the logical finality of the failed union, but also an example of negative experience for Anatoly.
Career
Professional path graduate began with a counting official. True, on the first day of work, September 30, 1865, he was transferred to the Military Ministry. Further, he independently switched to the place of the Secretary of the Secretary for the Criminal Department of St. Petersburg. And after six months of the young specialist sent to Moscow.
Then Anatoly had to move to Kharkov, where he served in the circumferential court of a comrade of the prosecutor. Then he felt the first manifestations of the disease. In 1869, at the insistence of Koni's doctors, he moved abroad, where it was closely communicating with Konstantin Ivanovich Palen. Thanks to the promotion of the Minister of Justice, a man has achieved a transfer to St. Petersburg, and here it was waiting for career Zenit.
Becoming the prosecutor, he has been engaged in difficult loud affairs for four years. His performances made an indelible impression on the jury, and the indictments were published in the newspapers. Becoming an influential figure in the field of criminal law, Koni received the position of Vice-Director of the Department of Justice Department. And after a couple of years, the title of Honorary Judge of Peterhof and St. Petersburg Counties was awarded.
The Faith Case in the fate of a brilliant lawyer played a big role. The public understood that a woman who had the lives of the Grador Fedor Trepov would be convicted. Only the case was instructed by an impartial judge. Anatoly, referring to the jury, said that the purpose of Zasulich was not the death of a person, but actually a shot.
The jury was justified by a failed murderer, who did not even have hints for Alibi. And horses who practically fulfilled the work of a lawyer, received an offer to fold the authority, but did not agree with this and was translated from the criminal department to civilian.
When the revolution began, Anatoly lost his job and began selling the library's own collected library to buy food. A gift in the form of white bread for a birthday in 1921 later called the greatest reward. For the last years of life, a man taught at Petrograd University of Oratory, criminal law, ethics of a hostel.
Books Koni - Collection "Judicial Reform", "Fathers and Children of Judicial Reform" were made a great contribution to the development of legal science. The list of his bibliography got memories of writers with whom he supported close communication during the life - about Lion Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Nikolae Nekrasov. With some of them, even the joint photos are preserved.
Death
The man died on September 17, 1927. The cause of the death of a public figure was the pneumonia, which he fell ill, reading scientists at the cold building of the house.Any people came to conduct Anatoly Fedorovich on the last path, and the funeral made eight priests and two deacons. According to the memoirs who came to the funeral, people did not fit in the church and flooded the street.
The grave of a brilliant judicial speaker, the author of scientific papers and an uncompromising "servant of justice" is located on the Volkovsky cemetery, where he was reburied in the 1930s.
Memory
- Memorial Plank in St. Petersburg (Ul. Mayakovskaya, No. 3).
- Monument in the square in front of the building of the Sociological Faculty of Moscow State University.
- The medal Anatoly Koni is the highest departmental medal of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation.
Bibliography
- 1866 - "On the right of the necessary defense"
- 1888 - "Independent speech. Guidelines for jury. Cassation conclusions "
- 1890 - "Renewal of criminal cases"
- 1895 - "On the court of jury and about the court with class representatives"
- 1895 - "Urgent age for judges"
- 1895 - "Legal commemoration and new currents in the Criminal Procedure of Italy and Germany"
- 1897 - "Labor care tasks"
- 1902 - "General features of judicial ethics"
- 1912-1929 - "On the life path"
- 1914 - "Fathers and children of judicial reform"
- 1918 - "Turgenev and Savina"
- 1923 - "Receptions and Tasks of the Prosecutor's Office"
- 1923 - "Court - Science - Art"
- 1925 - "Sergey Yulievich Witte: Reformary memories"
- 1933 - "Memories of the case of faith Zasulich"