Biography
Ikamva lomculi waseFransi wamveza ngetalente enkulu, eyazisa ukwamkelwa, kodwa akazange anikezele ngobutyebi nozuko. Umsitho odumileyo, isikrweqe kunye negrafu ye-Xix kwinkulungwane kwiZindlu ze-Eiran izindlu uninzi lobomi olungelwe luhlobo lwecaricre. IXABISO LONTO LONTO LONTO OLUFUMANELEKILEYO, Ongenabulungisa, Blatant - uMbutho, imithetho, imithetho, iBourgeoie. Imisebenzi yakhe yaphakamisa abantu ukuba babe ngabaxhathisi boguquko, kwaye umgcini we-buser walwa ngokungakhathali nabasemagunyeni.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umculi wexesha elizayo wazalwa ngoFebruwari 2608 eMarseille, kwintsapho yeGesere. Xa inkwenkwe yayineminyaka esi-8 ubudala, utata wakhe uhambile usapho waya eParis, ngethemba lokuba ubugcisa bakhe buya kuba yimfuno ngakumbi. Kwangelo xesha, kwabalelwa ukuba unyana uza kumnceda. Kodwa akazange abonise ukuba nayiphi na inzala kwityala leglasi.
Ukhule ngokuthi, umsebenzi owuthandayo wenkwenkwe yayikukubukela ubomi bezitrato zaseParian: Kukho ihenyukazi emnyango, kwaye oonongogo bathengiswa kwikona, i-bullman ithengiswa ngetroli ye-trollent ye-chumphy .. .
Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobomi obunomdla, endifuna ukubamba kubo bonke ubuhle bomzuzwana, bendiqhuba ndijikeleza i-onor encinci. Ukuba wayenokwenza imizobo, eyabona kwii-albhamu kwivenkile yencwadi! Kodwa inkwenkwe ibonisa iikhathuni kuphela kumakhwenkwe angabamelwane, amalahle kwiphepha lokusongela.
Ukwazi ukusebenza njengomncedisi kwigqwetha, kunye ne-cureg kwivenkile yencwadi, inkwenkwe eneminyaka eli-14 ubudala, yaza yaqala ukuqhuba izifundo zepeyinti kunye nokukrola. Kungekudala ndadibana kwigalari "Pelle Royal" ngamagcisa adumileyo ngala maxesha nguCaille Coro, eUgene Delachroa, uJean Granville, waqala ukusebenza kumthwalo we-Ezhen. Ngo-1828, i-onor yaqhutywa yindlela entsha yomfanekiso - lithography. Olu hlobo lwenza imisebenzi yalo yokuqala eyamzisela umvuzo wexesha elide.
Indalo
Kwiminyaka yee-1830s, i-litography yembeko yabona ikhathuni yaseFrance yaseFransi edumileyo, intloko ye-caricature yokuqala yemagazini yokuqala yecaricature eFrance, kwaye yamenywa ukuba isebenzisane.
I-Doure Yoyikishe ijenali yakhe isebenza nge-pundeundum yentonga. Ngo-1832, wachaza inkosi entsha ka-Louis Philippe kwi-caricature umfanekiso we-Gargantu, apho wajonga entolongweni unyaka, ukusuka apho waphuma khona nohlaziyo oludumileyo nohlengahlengiso ngakumbi. Ngo-1830-1832, izindlu zadala igalari yemifanekiso eqingqiweyo kunye nemifanekiso-ye-cargeoons kwezopolitiko ebizwa ngokuba yi "Area kubadubulo beGolden".
Ngo-1834, iParis, abahlali babona ama-ilithography anjenge "Wakulipha iMpano" (SORTRAIT "(thina", "sonke sinokukhululwa."
Kuyo, inkanuko yombhali ye-raurgeoisie ityhilwe - ukubawa, ulumkile, ubudenge, kunye nomfanekiso wobugorha osebenzayo ("kunye" neGalili yeGreyili ").
IParissia yayilinde imisebenzi eqaqambileyo yezopolitiko nezentlalo. I-Domaier ukonwabela inxalenye entsha ye-satira, efunekayo ngelo xesha, kodwa bambalwa abantu abamaziyo uMbhali waba buchule. Kodwa abaphathi beenkosi abazixabisileyo nabahlobo, iimbeko ezinjengeJean-Francois Gome, Coro kunye neDelaroix. Kwaye kunye nababhali, kuquka uVictor Hugo, onor de balzac noCharles Baudelaire. U-Balzia wathi uMichedungelwano "kwiDumane", kwaye uBaubaadeliire wabhala ukuba "umzobo wakhe unemibala kwindalo."
Ngo-1835, abasemagunyeni balivala eli phephancwadi i-phephe i-caricature ", emva koko izindlu ziya kolunye ushicilelo lwe-filippone -" Sharivari ". Apha umculi apapasha umsebenzi wakhe oqhelekileyo kangangeminyaka engama-30. Umbhalo wesandla sombhali kukuyila uthotho lwe-tiatic.
Umzekelo, "Ibali lakudala" (1841-1843)) bahlekisa bourgeois. Kuluhlu "Iindidi zeParis" (1839-1840), "I-Bourgeois entle" (1846-1849), "ubulungisa abantu" (1845-1848) Umbhali uhambelana nokucinga kwe-meshinansky, ukuwa kwendlela yokuziphatha .
Emva kwe-1848, umzobi utshintsha umkhombandlela kubugcisa obubonakalayo-uya kupeyinta, ioyile kunye ne-manecolor. Eyona nto kugxilwe kuyo ngumsebenzi weNkosi: Inkathalo enobundlongondlongo iphantsi kweyona ndawo yasekhaya enzulu, ngaphandle kokwenza nzulu intsingiselo yabo yentlalo. Iipeyinti zakhe zepeyinti yakhe zibantu abalula, amagorha alangoku: Abasebenzi, abasebenzi, iipeyinti ", ipeyinti" yemoto ",".
Isithsaba sexesha lezindlu ezithathwa njengengqokelela yemizobo "don Quixote", apho iMbhali ichaza umntu obonakalayo kwimeko yoluntu olungafezekanga kunye nehlabathi. Abagxeki babona kolu ngcelele lwe-Alkimil Motifotional Motifs: Iknikhi yelolo yomfanekiso olusizi yi-onor ngokwakhe, kwaye umoya wayo yinkqubo yokukhohlisa.
Ekupheleni kobomi, ngenxa yeemfuno, waphinda wabhenela kuhlobo lweLithograph, ngoku ekugxileni kwezihloko zemikhosi yomthengisi. Izindlu zomsebenzi wobugcisa bokugqibela luthotho lwemisebenzi "Osada", zinikezelwe kwiMfazwe yaseFranco-Prissi yaseRrassi (1870-1871).
Ilifa lezindlu liphantse laba ngama-4 amawaka, lingaphezulu kwe-900 yemizobo yokukroba, ngaphezulu kwe-700 yokupeyinta kunye nemifanekiso engama-60. Ubuchule bobugcisa abuqalwa ngokubanzi ngexesha lobomi kwaye bavavanywa kuphela kwinkulungwane yama-20.
Namhlanje, imisebenzi yegesi yeLithograki ikwiingqokelelo ezinkulu zehlabathi-iMyuziyam yeMetropolitan eNew York, i-Walters Toulery eWashich, eMurich nkarich kunye nezinye.
Ngo-1992, ifilimu ephilayo "umthetho wegama yegama" wakhululwa kwizikrini, apho umphathi we-jeff dunbar wasebenzisa imizobo ye-Frain Carticaturist.
Ubomi Buqu
Indlu yanikezela bonke ubomi bakhe, kubandakanya umntu, edibanisa inkqubo esele ikho kunye nolawulo lwesivumelwano. Njengomculi wokwenene, wayengakwazi ukunikezela ngenkanuko yakhe, ngenxa yoko akazange abonakale umfazi nabantwana bakhe.Ukufa
Ngeminyaka yee-1870, izindlu zikhawuleza ziba mandundu ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa yobumfama okuqhubekayo, umzobi waba luncedo, esihlala sililolo.
Abahlobo abanobuhlobo baza bahlangula. ICamille Coro isuse indlu ye-anyanisi, iqeshiwe ngumongikazi kwaye ihlawulwe amatyala. I-Domanethi yasweleka nge-10 kaFebruwari, ngo-1879 kwindlala epheleleyo kwidolophu yaseParis Vemmmuwa.
Ukupeyinta
- 1832-1834 - "Ooraziwayo beGolden
- Ngo-1834 - "IVeni Yowinimiter"
- Ngo-1836-38 - "I-Karicatyuran"
- 1834 - "isitrato sokutshintsha"
- 1850-53 - "Ipropathi"
- 1856 - "kwikhonsathi"
- Ngo-1863-65 - "iklasi yesithathu" i-wagon "
- Ngo-1956-60 - "melodrama"
- Ngo-1870 - "DON DON Quixote"
- Ngo-1870-71 - "ungqimba"