I-Biograge
U-Oleg Makarov uyi-cosmonaut edumile, umnikazi wemiklomelo eminingi yombuso, kufaka phakathi ama-oda ama-2 wenkanyezi yegolide. Ngaphambi kokuya eCosmos, wasebenza e-Bureau yeNdlovukazi futhi wasiza ekwakheni "izinyunyana" lapho endiza futhi endiza. Isiqephu esinephutha se-biography yakhe sayindiza engaphumeleli, lapho ama-mostrous exhorer anciphise impilo yakhe ngokuqinile.
U-Oleg Grigorievich Makarov wazalelwa edolobhaneni lase-Ustorlya (manje yidolobha esifundeni saseTver). Uyise wakhonza eMbuthweni WeSoviet, futhi umndeni uvame ukushukumisela - isikole se-Oleg siqeda edolobheni lase-Ukraine, futhi waya eMoscow yemfundo ephakeme.
Ngo-1957, uMakarov uthweswe iziqu eMoscow High School ebizwa nge-N. E. Bauman futhi wathola umsebenzi eKorolev Design Bureau. Lapho, uchwepheshe osemusha wabamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kweSpacecraft yokuqala yaseSoviet.
Cosmonautics
Ngo-1966, u-Oleg Grigorievivich waba yilungu lesivumelwano seCosmonaut, ngemuva kokudlula inkambo ephelele yokulungiselela indiza emikhunjini efana ne- "Union". Uhlanganiswe eqenjini ababelilungiselela ukufika enyangeni, kodwa uhambo olumiswe ngoDisemba 8, 1968 lwakhanselwa ngokungazelelwe.
Isizathu sasiwumsebenzi onganele wokwakhiwa komkhumbi kanye ne-Carrier Rocket, engaphenduka yaba yinhlekelele. Uma indiza yenzeka, ama-cosmonauts aseSoviet ayezoba owokuqala enyangeni, kodwa ngenxa yalokhu kuqedwa, amaMelika abeseku-Apollon-8.
Ngokokuqala ngqa, u-Oleg Makarov wavakashela isikhala ngo-1975. UVasily Lazarev waba yinhloko yabasebenzi kanye nomlingani kuphela, iningi labo okufanele balingene endizeni ebekiwe enyangeni. Izinkinga zaqala ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqalisa: Izinjini zesigaba se-3 se-Carrier Rocket ezisebenza ngokungalungile, futhi i-soyuz-18-1 ayizange ithole isivinini esidingekayo ukufaka i-orbit.
Ngemuva kwalokho, i-CAC yasebenza - uhlelo lokusindiswa kwezimo eziphuthumayo lwezinkanyezi, umkhumbi wahlukaniswa waba izingxenye, waphosa ukufaneleka, futhi kwaqubuka i-capsule ekhethekile yangena emhlabathini ngejubane elingamakhilomitha angama-170 ngehora. Ngesikhathi sokuwa, amalungu eqembu lathola ukugcwala ngokweqile. Yize ukwakheka okuhlinzekelwe ama-fuse akhethekile okwakudingeka aqale kabusha izinkomba okungenani ngo-2-3 g (ukusheshisa ukuwa kwamahhala ebusweni bomhlaba), ezenzakalelayo zisebenze ngendlela ephambene, kuphela isimo esibuhlungu.
"Ku-cosmodrome, enikela nge-telemetry, wabona ukuthi ukulayisha ngokweqile kungakugwaza, imizuzwana ethile yafika ku-26," kukhumbula uLazarev ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Ngenxa yalokho, akekho owabulawa (kungamangali ukuthi ama-AstronAuts akhethwe abanamandla), kepha ukulimala kwempilo yama-cosmonauts kwakuyindawo enkulu. Ekuqeqesheni eCentriFuge, bahlolwe abangaphezu kwe-10 g, futhi ngenxa yomthelela womthwalo, ku-2 ngaphezulu kwezikhathi ezintathu ziphakeme kakhulu, zombili izinkanyezi zithola ukulahlekelwa umbono okufushane kanye nokuma kwesikhashana kwesikhashana kwenhliziyo.
Ukufika nakho kuphume kuthambile. I-capsule yawela ezintabeni ze-altayi emthambekeni wentaba, futhi uMakarova noMakarova noMazarev wasindisa iqiniso lokuthi omunye wesigaxa separachute wawela phezu kwesihlahla. Ngakho-ke phakathi namalungu athile endiza abasebenzi bagwema ukufa kabili.
Ama-cosmonauts akwazi ukuphuma eCAPULE futhi aqothule umlilo esiqeshini sokuvikela ukushisa okunqunyelwe kusuka egobolondweni elingaphandle lomshini. Indawo eyayibona ngayo kwakunzima ukuyithola futhi ibaphakamisela ephepheni indiza enophephela emhlane ngosuku olulandelayo.
Ngokusemthethweni, ubuholi bumemezele ukuthi "umlingani kaLazarev noMakarov bazizwa banelisekile." Ngaphandle, konke bekukuhle kakhulu nabo, kepha empeleni ngemuva kokuphumeleleka kwezaphumeleli kwama-Astronauts kwaqala ukuphishekela isifo esisodwa emva kwesinye. Kunzima ikakhulukazi, ukuhlolwa kwabonakaliswa enhliziyweni, kamuva, eminyakeni evuthiwe, kwakuyimbangela yokufa kwazo zombili.
Nokho, uma u-Oleg grigorievivich, ngemuva kwalokho wandizela esikhaleni komunye kabili - ngo-1978, kanye noV. A. Janibekov nango-1980s e-Strakalav. Ukuphuma kwadlula kwimodi ejwayelekile nezindleko ngaphandle kwenkinga, kepha indiza yesithathu yaba owokugcina emsebenzini kaMakarov. Kwakuwukuphuma okuyinkimbinkimbi isikhathi esiyizinsuku eziyi-13 izinsuku eziyi-13, inhloso yawo kwakulungiswa izinhlelo ze-thermoregation esiteshini se-orbital ende.
Ngomsebenzi wakhe esikhaleni sikaMakarov, ama-oda ama-4 kaLenin anikezwa, ama-oda ama-2 we- "Golden Star" kanye nesihloko esithi "Cosmonaut of the USSR". Ngemuva kokundiza empilweni yakhe, u-Oleg Grigorieving wathatha isayensi futhi wavikela ukubhaliswa kwakhe. Ekugcineni kwaxoshwa kusuka ekutholweni kwama-cosmonaut ngo-1986, futhi wabuyela kumaphrojekthi wobunjiniyela kwi-Bureau yakhe yendabuko, lapho kamuva asithola khona isikhundla sekhanda.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
U-Oleg Makarov wayeshade, futhi impilo yakhe uqobo yayizolile futhi iphephile. Unkosikazi wakhe waba uValentina Alstatov, ayesebenzisana naye ndawonye e-Okb-1. Bahlangane ngo-1960 futhi ngokushesha bazalwa, kwathi ngonyaka izibulo lazalwa. Unkosikazi wakhe uValentina waphakamisa izingane ezimbili - amadodana kaConstantine noLeonid.Ukushona
Umthwalo odluliselwe ebusheni ubangele izinkinga zenhliziyo njalo. Ngo-1998, u-Oleg Grigorievingch wahlelelwa ekusebenzeni, kepha akakwazanga ukuphinda alulame ngokugcwele. NgoMeyi 28, 2003, esifundeni sakhe saseMoscow, washona ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. I-cosmonaut edumile kanye nonjiniyela babeneminyaka engama-71 ubudala.
Umzimba kaMakarov wangcwatshwa emathuneni ase-Ostankinsky eMoscow. Edolobheni lakubo, i-UPOLE ifake i-bust yethusi, futhi esikoleni, lapho afunda khona yi-plaque yesikhumbuzo. Ngemuva kokushona kuka-Oleg Grigorievivich, kwakukhona amarekhodi amaningi nezithombe zakhe kanye nalowo ozakwabo abavela ku-Okb abahlangene, bahlelwe futhi bathuthelwa kwiCosmonautics Museum.
Izihloko kanye nemiklomelo
- Izindondo ezi-2 "Inkanyezi yeGolden Star" yeSoviet Union
- Ukuhleleka okungu-4 kweLenin
- I-oda "Blue Nile" (Ethiopia)
- I-Cosmonaut Pilot USSR
- Isakhamuzi Sokuhlonishwa Kwamadolobha aseJazkazgan, Rivne, Yakutsk