Biography
I-Oleg Makarov yi-cosmov eyidumileyo, umnini wamabhaso amaqela amaninzi, kubandakanya ii-odolo ezi-2 zenkanyezi yegolide. Ngaphambi kokuba aye eCosmos, wasebenza kwi-Bureau yokumkanikazi kwaye wanceda ukudala "imibutho yabasebenzi" emva koko babhabha. Isiqendu seempazamo sebhayiloji yakhe yayiyindiza engaphakathi kwetayitile, apho ubukhulu becala ubunzima bubekekileyo impilo yakhe.
U-Oleg Grigorievich Makarov wazalelwa kwilali yase-Udumya (ngoku sisixeko esikwingingqi ye-Tver). Utata wakhe wakhonza kumkhosi weSoviet, kwaye usapho lwahlala lwahamba-i-Olegi yesikolo sigqibile kwisixeko saseUkraine ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye waya eMoscow wemfundo ephezulu.
Ngo-1957, uMakarov uphumelele kwisikolo saseMoscow ebizwa ngokuba yi-N. E.Bauman kwaye wafumana umsebenzi kwi-koreau yoyilo lwe-korolev. Apho, ingoma yobutsha ithathe inxaxheba ekudalweni kweSpatcraft yokuqala yeSoviet.
Cosmonautions
Ngo-1966, u-Olegi Grigorievich waba lilungu le-cosmolaut yokuphatha, emva kokuphumelela kwikhondo elipheleleyo lokulungiselela ukubaleka kwiinqanawa ezinje nge "Many". Wayebandakanyiwe kwiqela ababelungiselela ukufika enyangeni, kodwa uhambo oluqeshwe nge-8 kaDisemba, ngo-1968 lwarhoxiswa ngokungalindelekanga.
Isizathu yayiyeyona ndawo ingoyiki yoyilo lwenqanawa kunye ne-racket ye-carker, enokujika ibe yintlekele. Ukuba kwenzeke inqwelo moya, i-soviet cosmonauts iya kuba yeyokuqala enyangeni, kodwa ngenxa yokupheliswa, abantu baseMelika basele kwi-Apollon-8.
Okokuqala ngqa, i-Oleg Makarov Indawo yatyelela indawo ka-1975. I-Vasly Lazarev yaba yintloko yeqela labasebenzi kunye neqabane lakho, uninzi ekufuneka lube nentloko erhoxisiweyo kwinyanga. Iingxaki ziqale kwangoko emva kokupheliswa: Iinjini zenqanaba le-3 le-rocker esebenza ngokungalunganga, kwaye isoyuz-18-1 ayizange ifumane isantya esifanelekileyo sokufaka umjikelezo.
Emva koko, i-CAC yasebenza - inkqubo yosindiso olungxamisekileyo kweastronauts: inqanawa yahlulahlulwa yangamacandelo, yaphosa i-kipsule ekhethekileyo kwi-KM ngesantya seyure. Ngexesha lokuwa, amalungu e-Crew ahlangabezana kakhulu. Nangona uyilo olunikelwe kwi-fuse ekhethekileyo ebekusenze kwakhona izikhombisi ezingama-2-3 g (Ukukhawulezisa ukuwa ngokukhululekileyo kumphezulu womhlaba), ukuba kwenziwe ngendlela echaseneyo, iqhubekisile imeko ethile, iqhubekile imeko ethile.
"KwiCosmoderome, bancama i-telemetry, eqonda ukuba ukulayisha ngaphezulu kwento kwaye wasitya, imizuzwana ethile ufike kwi-26," I-Lazarev ikhumbula kamva.Ngenxa yoko, akukho mntu wabulawa (akumangalisi ukuba abostronauts banyulwa), kodwa umonakalo wezempilo kwe-cosmonauts yayiyi-cosmoset. Ngoqeqesho kwi-Centrifuge, bavavanywanga ngaphezulu kwe-10 g, kwaye ngenxa yefuthe lomthwalo, malunga nezihlandlo ezi-2 ngaphezulu kwezihlandlo ezithathu ziphakamile, bobabini bafumana ilahleko emfutshane yentliziyo.
Ukufika kwendlu kwaphuma ayithanga. I-capsile yawa ezintabeni ze-Altayi kwithambeka elimnqabileyo lentaba, kunye neMakarova nge-lazarev isigcinile kuphela into yokuba enye yeparachute yawa phezu komthi. Ke ngexesha lokubhabhama kwamalungu okubhabha kwabantu abakhwele kuphephe ukufa kabini.
I-cosmonauts ikwazile ukuphuma kwi-capsule kwaye ihlutha umlilo kwisiqwengana sezinto ezingama-Ubushushu esinqunywe kwiqokobhe elingaphandle lomatshini. Indawo ababezifumene ngayo yayinzima kakhulu ukuyifumana kwaye ibaphakamise ekwenzeni ihelikopta kuphela ngosuku olulandelayo.
Ngokusemthethweni, ubunkokeli babhengeza ukuba "amaqabane aLazarev noMakarov baziva benethane." Ngapha koko, yonke into yayilungile kwaye, kodwa enyanisweni emva kokuba inqwelo-mafutha engaphumelelanga yeastronauts yaqalisa ukulandela isifo esinye emva kwesinye. Ngokukhethekileyo, uvavanyo lwalubonakaliswa entliziyweni, eyathi kamva, kwiminyaka evuthiweyo, yayingunobangela wokufa kobabini.
U-Oleg Grigorievich, nangona kunjalo, emva koko wabhabha esibhakabhakeni omnye emva kowe-1978, kunye no-V. A. A. Janisekov kunye ne-19 Straokalov. Uhambo oludlulise kwimo eliqhelekileyo kunye neendleko ngaphandle kwengxaki, kodwa indiza yesithathu yaba yinto yokugqibela eMakarov. Yayikukuchithwa okuninzi kwexesha lexesha leentsuku ezili-13, injongo yazo kukulungiswa kweenkqubo ze-termoning kwisikhululo se-orbimal sexesha elide.
Ngomsebenzi wakhe kwisithuba seMakarov, ii-odolo ezi-4 zeLenin zanikwa, ii-odolo ezi-2 ze "nkwenkwezi yegolide" kunye nesihloko "se-cosmowut ye-USSR". Emva kokubhabha ebomini bakhe, u-Olegi Grigorievich wenza isayensi kwaye wakhusela i-dissertation yakhe. Ekugqibeleni kwagxothwa kwi-Cosmout Deaching ngo-1986, kwaye wabuyela kwiiprojekthi zobunjineli kwi-Bureau yeNkundla, apho kamva wafumana iSekela leNtloko.
Ubomi Buqu
U-Oleg Makarov wayetshatile, kwaye ubomi bakhe bobuqu buzolile kwaye bekhuselekile. Umfazi wakhe waba nguValentina wathatov, owayesebenza naye kunye e-Okb-1. Badibana ngo-1960 kwaye kungekudala batshata, yaye ngonyaka owazalwa owamazibulo. Ndikunye nenkosikazi yakhe uVantina waphakamisa abantwana ababini - oonyana bakaConstantine noLeonid.Ukufa
Umthwalo odluliselwe kulutsha ubangele iingxaki zentliziyo eziqhubekayo. Ngo-1998, u-Olegi Grigorievich wasebenza nzima, kodwa akakwazanga ukuyibuyisa ngokupheleleyo emva kwayo. Nge-28 kaMeyi, 2003, kwingingqi yakhe yeMoscow, wasweleka kwisifo sentliziyo. I-cosmonaut kunye nenjineli yayineminyaka engama-71 ubudala.
Umzimba kaMakarov ungcwatywe kumangcwaba e-Ostantonsky eMoscow. Kwidolophu yakhe, i-UDMELE ifake ibhombu yebhedi, kwaye esikolweni, apho wafunda khona sisitya seSikhumbuzo. Emva kokusweleka kuka-Oleg Grigoorich, zazininzi iirekhodi kunye neefoto, ezazihlala kunye nabalingane bakhe ababekho kubantu base-Okb, bebesebenza ngemyuziyam ye-cosmonautics.
Izihloko kunye namabhaso
- I-2 mendolis "i-Golden Star" iqhawe leSoviet Union
- 4 I-odolo yeLenin
- I-Order "iNayile eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" (i-Ethiopia)
- I-cosmot pilot pilot USSR
- Ummi oHloniphekileyo wezixeko zeJazeleki, eRivne, Yakutsk