I-Biograge
U-Ivan Susanin uyiqhawe likazwelonke owenza i-Patriotic feat. Abampofu basindisa iKing Mikhail Romanov, lapho ukungenelela kweLithoania yasePoland-Lithoania kulimaza. Isenzo samadoda singafi ngemisebenzi yamasiko nobuciko. Namuhla, igama likaSusanin ladlula ekukhipheni kolunye uhlangothi lwezinkulumo futhi lichaza umuntu oholela endleleni engafanele.Isithombe sempilo
I-biography ka-Ivan Susanin ayiphindizi ngamaqiniso athembekile iminyaka, futhi futhi njengoba impilo yabampofu ngaleso sikhathi ayinakanga kakhulu. Le ndoda yazalelwa maphakathi nekhulu le-XVI eduzane neKostroma, edolobhaneni lasedolobhaneni. Wayengama-serfs ezigxobo. Owokuqala owazama ukuchaza indlela yokuphila ka-Ivan, waba u-Alexey Danilovich Domninsky. U-Archprinest waqoqa ndawonye amaqiniso adumile ngeqhawe lenzalo.
Kube nezinhlobo ezimbalwa zemvelaphi yomlimi. Ngomunye wabo, uSusanin wayengumdala onqobayo. Abanye ochwepheshe bathathwa ngombono wokuthi angaba ngabaphathi bamabanga aphansi abayisithupha kanti kusolwa ukuthi bahlale endlini yabafana.
Impilo yomuntu siqu yendoda ihlala iyimfihlakalo. Akukho okushiwo ngumfazi kaPatriot kunoma yimuphi umthombo. Kepha kuyaziwa ukuthi uSusanina wayenendodakazi, u-Antonida sobiinin. Isibongo sentombazane sashintsha, siphuma sishade ne-bogdan sobiinina. Amadodana amabili, uKonstantin noDaniel abazalwa emndenini wabo. Ngesikhathi sokuthola ubuqhawe ngobaba u-Antonide wayeneminyaka engu-16.
Ngama-2000s, abezindaba baphawula ngokutholwa kwethuna elilinganisiwe lika-Ivan Susanin. Izazi zemivubukulo zazisuselwa ekutadisheni izinsalela ezitholakala ngesikhathi sokumba eduze kweDomino. Ochwepheshe baveze iminonjana yokushaywa kwezikhali, okungaba sabers. Ukwahlulela ngezimpikiswano zochwepheshe, ngaphambi kokuba kuhlushwe i-patriot yezwe.
Iqiniso lokuthi umngcwabo ka-Ivana wenzeka, uhlala empikiswano. Ochwepheshe be-Criminologists bafunda idatha ye-anthropometric yenzalo yeqhawe, kepha bekungenzeki ukukhiqiza ukukhomba okungathandeki. Akukho sifundo se-DNA esiqinisekisiwe.
Isenzo
USusanin wayehlala ngesikhathi esinzima. Ikhulu le-XVI laletha ukusatshalaliswa kwenkolo yaseRussia. Kusukela ngo-1601 kuya ku-1603, umbuso wawuyi-holodor, izwe laliholwa nguVasily Shuisky. Ekuhlaselweni kwezigxobo ezingama-1609. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, amasosha abuthene. UKostroma wabhujiswa nguLhadmitmiy II. Izitha zonakaliswa eKineshma, futhi kwahlaselwa isidumbu se-ipatiev.
Kwi-1613 yezihambisi ezixoshwe eMoscow, kepha iqembu lezihlaseli lasakazeka ezifundeni zombuso futhi zahlanganyela ekuphangeni. ICampstvo Cathedral yamemezela inkosi yaseMikhail Fedorovich Romanova, eyayika-votchin esifundeni saseKostroma.
I-Feat ka-Ivan Susanin ichazwa ngezinguqulo eziningana. Namuhla kunzima ukuthola ngokuthembekile, ukuthi izimo zavela kanjani. Ukuhlukahluka okukodwa kuthi izigxobo ezazihlala eDomino ekwindla ka-1612, yiphi inkosi uMikhail Romanov icashe kule ndawo. USusanin usolwa ngokufihla umbusi emgodini wokuvutha i-ramp futhi embozwe amabhodi. Umbono onjalo wagxekwa izazi-mlando, kepha u-ovina washiswa ekwindla, futhi le nto yabukeka iyikholeki.
Ngokusho kwenguqulo echazwe kwimisebenzi yezincwadi nezinceku zobuciko, uSusanin waxosha izigxobo emahlathini, enqoba izinti. Ngokusekelwe kule nuncences, kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kuka-1612 noma ekuqaleni kuka-1613. Uma kungekho idatha enembile, kuyisiko ukunamathela ekuchazeni kwesibili kwemicimbi.
Kusukela ezincwadini zemibhalo, izingane zesikole zithola ukuthi ukushona kuka-Ivan kwaba yi-Isupovskaya Boloto. Ngokuya ngenganekwane, endaweni yokufa kophahla olubomvu olubomvu. Lesi sihlahla kwakuthiwa saba khona ngegazi le-patriot. Ngaphambi kokuthi ufike kule ndawo, indoda ethile yaxosha izitha isikhathi eside, iqinisa ukungenelela ehlathini, kude nedolobhana.
Imbangela yokufa yayiyindlela enegazi elibandayo ezandleni zezigxobo, ezaziqagela amaqhinga akhe. Umlando uthule ngokuthi labo baphuma kanjani emathangeni lapho bengekho umqhubi wesifundo abaqale exhaso.
Ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi u-Ivan akafanga ku-bog, kodwa edolobhaneni lase-Isupovo. Njengobufakazi, incwadi kamkhulu wakhe omkhulu u-Empress Anne Ioannovna inikezwa ngesicelo sokuqinisekisa amalungelo. Isicelo siqinisekisa i-ISUPOVO njengoJerier wokugcina kaSusanin. Ukubulawa kwakhe kuthiwa kubonile abahlali bendawo. Izindaba zomcimbi zidluliselwe edolobhaneni lomdabu lomlimi. Kwabanye ukucatshangelwa, izinsalela zeqhawe zathola indawo yokukhosela eduzane nesonto lovuko, kodwa ayizange ibhalwe phansi. Kukhona inguqulo efuna ukuthi isidumbu savuselwa emuva kwesikhathi esigodini se-IPATEEEIEL.
U-Ivan Susanin e-ART
Isithombe se-National Hero sasondela emdelweni okhuthaza i-autoracy, i-Orthodoxy nezwe. Ngakho-ke, yayisetshenziswa ezincwadini, emculweni nasebukweni lokubuka. Isenzo esikhuthazayo salowo ophikisayo siboniswa emsebenzini we-Folklorists.
Umphakathi jikelele wafunda ngaye ngo-1812 ngenxa yendaba kaSergei Glinka, oshicilelwe kumagazini wezaziso yaseRussia. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu okuqukethwe, kuvela "u-Ivan Susanin", kwathi kamuva u-Opera Mikhail Glinka "impilo yenkosi". Umlingiswa odumile we-Aria uzwakala emsebenzini, futhi ikwaya enza ukwakheka "okuhle".
Ngo-1914, uKonstantin Makovsky wabhala isithombe ngokuthi "u-Ivan Susanin", owayelungiselela umlobi eminyakeni engama-300 yendlu yeRomanov. Umbhali weMillenium Millennium Monument Monjiswa uMikhail Makeshin ubonise umlimi esifundeni sesikhumbuzo esichithwe yinguquko ngo-1917. Ngo-1939, i-glinka opera yafakwa e-Bolshoi Theatre. Kamuva, ngo-1979, u-Alexander Barannikov wasusa le filimu ngo-Ivan Susanin.