I-Ibn Sina (Avicenna) - I-Biography, izithombe, impilo yomuntu siqu, umuthi kanye ne- "Canon of Medical Science"

I-Biograge

I-Ibn Sina (Abu Ali Hussein Ib Abdullah Ibn Sina) ungomunye wabantu abaye bawile ngokugqamile emlandweni wesintu. Uyazi ukuthi udokotela, isazi sefilosofi, izibalo, umculi, imbongi, ososayensi omkhulu, oshiywe emikhakheni yesayensi engama-29. ENtshonalanga yeVersian Genius ebizwa nge-Avicenna. I-biography yobuntu obuvelele iyakwazi ukutshela inzalo ngabaningi.

U-Ibn Sina wazalwa ngo-980 edolobhaneni elincane lase-Apshan (Central Asia) edude Bukhara - Inhlokodolobha Yesimo SamaSamanid. Ubaba wososayensi odumile wayethathwa njengomuntu ocebile, wayenesimo sesikhulu.

Lapho lo mndeni ushukumisa enhlokodolobha, umfana onesiphiwo uvule ukufinyelela olwazini olunzulu, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi uBukhara wayeyisikhungo semfundo, lapho amafilosofi ahlukahlukene, odokotela, izimbongi zokuvakashela umtapo wezincwadi wasesigodlweni.

U-Avicenna usaqhubeka ebuntwaneni ebusuku wahlukaniswa ngelukuluku elihle kakhulu, amaxande amangalisa izindaba. Kuthunyelwe i-Izeknukka encane ekuqaleni ukuthi izofunda esikoleni esijwayelekile samaSulumane, ayivakashela iminyaka eyi-10.

Ngokuhambisana nohlelo lwesikole Hussein, wafunda ngokwengeziwe uhlelo lolimi, isi-Arabhu, i-stylistics. Lapho umfana eneminyaka eyi-10, wayesevele wayewazi yonke i-Quran, okuthi, ngokwezinkolelo, amaSulumane abhekwa njengophawu oluhle kakhulu.

Abantu abazungeze i-Hussein emangele ngempumelelo yentsha enethalente. Ubaba wanquma ukuthatha indodana esikoleni ukuze ithuthukiswe ngawodwana. Uthisha (ukuvakashela umdala) weza endlini yakhe, efundisa i-physics, isayensi yezinkanyezi, ifilosofi, i-geography, njll. Izinto.

Umndeni wase-Ibn Sina futhi wawukhathalela nokukhanyiselwa okungokomoya kwezingane zabo (ifilosofi yayinomfowethu omncane) futhi insizwa yokufuna ukwazi inesifiso esicashile kokuqukethwe kwe-Islodox Islam, okwakunguYise nothisha wokuqala.

Maduze nje umfundi ohlakaniphe kakhulu wasukuma ezingeni elilodwa lolwazi lothisha wakhe wasekhaya, okwakuyimbangela yolwazi lakhe lokuzimela lwesayensi ehlukahlukene. Eminyakeni eyishumi nane, umfana othuthukisiwe wathwalwa ngomuthi, wafunda zonke izimo ezitholakala edolobheni waze waqala ukuya ezigulini ezinzima kakhulu ukuze akhulule amaqiniso esayensi. U-Ibn Sina, udokotela owaziwayo kanye nombhali wencwadi enkulu yezokwelapha yalesosikhathi - Abu Sakhl Masihi, ekhangwa kumuthi.

Lapho kwenzeka icala elingajwayelekile esigodlweni: Inhloko yombuso yagula, kepha akekho noyedwa odokotela abangakhetha ukwelashwa kwakhe okufanele. Ngemuva kwalokho i-avicenna encane yamenyelwa e-Emire, enikeze izincomo ezidingekayo futhi yembula ngempumelelo uhlobo lokugula. Ngemuva kwe-hussein eneminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa, wamisa udokotela uqobo lombusi.

Ukuthola ulwazi olujulile lwezincwadi ezintsha ze-The Palace Library, u-Avicenna waqala ukuvela abafundi bazo, futhi eneminyaka engu-18 ubudala, insizwa enengqondo yavuma ukuxoxa nososayensi abasempumalanga naseCentral Asia izincwadi.

Lapho u-Ibn Blue waphenduka eneminyaka engama-20 ubudala, wayesengumbhali wezincwadi eziningana:

Encyclopedia ebanzi.
Ukuhlelwa kokuziphatha.
Isichazamazwi sezokwelapha.

Kepha ezolile edolobheni kwathathelwa indawo impi. IBukhara yathunjwa yizizwe zaseTurkic. Inhloko-dolobha yacekelwa phansi, imililo, kufaka phakathi umtapo wezeluleko. Ubaba wefilosofi wasefilosofi wafa ngalesi sikhathi, futhi umfana wanquma ukushiya izwe lakusasa ngokuya eKhorezm nge-caravan yezitolo.

Umuthi

EKhorezm, udokotela osemusha wathola abangane abaningi, futhi ngokushesha kwafika kwalowo owayekade eMasihi noBirnen. Umbusi wendawo wedolobha waba neqhaza ekwakhiweni kwesayensi ehlukahlukene, okuvumela ukubuthana esigodlweni sososayensi ukukhulumisana ngezithelo.

Ngakho-ke, kwaphela iminyaka eminingana uHusyisein nabasekeli bakhe babenethuba lokuzibandakanya buthule ngocwaningo lwesayensi nasekusebenzeni.

Kuleyo minyaka, uMbuso uvimbele ukuvula imizimba yabantu ukutadisha ukwakheka kwawo. Abaphula umthetho wezomthetho baphathwa ngenhlawulo yokufa, kepha u-Avicenna noMasihi baqhubeka nokukwenza ngasese. Futhi ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, ososayensi bamenyelwa enhlokodolobha eya emhlanganweni ukuze bathukuthelise. Kwaziwa ukuthi izimemo ezinjalo zisongela ososayensi nasezibonelweni zokufa.

U-Ibn Sina kanti udokotela wanquma ukugijima. Ososayensi bawela ngaphansi kwesiphepho esibi ehlane, elahlekile, balahlekelwa ukudla, amanzi, ngenxa yokuthi asebekhulile baseMasihi bashone ngalo, futhi i-avicenna yaqhubeka nokuphila. Wazulazula iminyaka eminingi, ecashile eSultan embi, washintsha amagama, kodwa waqhubeka nokusebenza kanzima, ebhala izincwadi.

Ngo-1016, u-Ibn Sina wama eHamadan (okwakuyinhloko-dolobha yangaphambili yama-mussels). Lapho-ke kwakukhona izifundo ezifundiswe ngokungahleliwe, ezaba inzuzo yokuhlobisa. Ngokushesha wathola isikhundla sodokotela ophambili wombusi wendawo waze wanikezwa nesihloko songqongqoshe oyisikhulu.

Iminyaka yokuhlala eHamadan yavumela usosayensi ukuthi aqede umqulu wokuqala womsebenzi wawo oyinhloko - incwadi ethi "Canon of Medical Science". Lo msebenzi uqukethe amavolumu amahlanu kuphela kokuqukethwe okulandelayo:

1 Tom: Isayensi yezokwelapha - Incazelo yezifo ezibukhali ezingamahlalakhona, ukuxilongwa kwazo, ukwelashwa, ukwelashwa, ukuhlinzwa.
2 UTom: Izindaba eziphathelene nemithi elula yemvelaphi yemvelo.
3 no-4 amavolumu: izincomo zokwelapha izifo zezitho zabantu, ukuqhekeka komzimba.
I-5 TOM: Incazelo yezakhiwo zezidakamizwa eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuzilungiselela i-avicenna, kanye nokubonisa izinkomba kodokotela basendulo eYurophu nase-Asia.

U-Ibn Sina uveze ukuthi amagciwane angabonakali amagciwane angabonakali wezifo ezithathelwanayo, kepha i-hypothesis yaqinisekiswa kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka engama-800 kuPasteur (usosayensi waseFrance).

I-Ibn Sina (Avicenna) - I-Biography, izithombe, impilo yomuntu siqu, umuthi kanye ne-

Ulwazi oluhlaba umxhwele lwefilosofi mayelana nokushaya. Uchaze zonke izinhlobo zawo ezingenzeka kanye nemibandela encwadini. I-Avicenna yaba udokotela wokuqala, enikezwe incazelo yezifo ezinjalo eziyinkimbinkimbi njengesifo, i-jaundice, ikholera, njll.

Ngaphambi kokuba uHessein achaze ngokuningiliziwe ukwakheka kwamehlo lomuntu, kukholakala ukuthi iso lalifana nesibani nemisebe yemvelaphi ekhethekile. Ngesikhathi esifushane, "kuhlu lwezincwadi zesayensi yezokwelapha" sekuyincyclopedia ebaluleke kakhulu esetshenziswe emazweni ahlukahlukene, kubandakanya nezindawo zaseRussia yasendulo.

Ifilosofi

Umsebenzi omningi, izingoma ze-avicenna ezinkulu zilahlekile, zibhalwa kabusha ngokuhunyushwa okuncane, okubangela ubunzima bokwakha isithombe esinembile sezahlulelo zakhe zefilosofi. Kepha eminye imisebenzi isagcinwa. Ngokwezinkolelo zikaHussein, isayensi ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu:

Ngaphezulu.
Isilinganiso.
Elahlekile.

U-Avicenna akazange aphikise umbono waphikisana nososayensi abaningi, ukuthi ukuqala kwabo bonke kwaqala, impande yabo bonke abakhona emhlabeni nguNkulunkulu. Njengoba ususungule ubuphakade bomhlaba, wahlaziya imininingwane yomphefumlo womuntu, oza ngemizimba nemizimba ehlukene (njengesilwane noma umuntu) emhlabeni, futhi ngemuva kokubuyela kuMdali wakhe.

Isikhundla sefilosofi sika-Ibn Sina sagxekwa kakhulu ngabacabangi bamaJuda, iSufi (esoterics ku-Islam), kodwa usosayensi wathola abasekeli abaningi, abalandeli.

Izincwadi kanye nezinye izayensi

I-Avicenna ilindelwe ukuphikisana ngezindikimba ezinkulu zamavesi. Ngalesi simo, zibhalwe imisebenzi enjalo ngokuthi "selethenjelwe uthando", "hai ibn jaczan", "inyoni" nabanye.

Umnikelo obalulekile wenziwa ngengqondo, ethuthukisa imfundiso yakhe ezindabeni zokufutheka komuntu (ukuhlukanisa kube izinhlamvu ezishisayo nezibandayo, ezimanzi kanye nomile). Imisebenzi yayo iyaphawulwa kumakhekhemakheni (theory of Hestced Force), emculweni (isebenza emcabangweni wobuciko wezwi).

Inani layo yonke imisebenzi yefilosofi emithonjeni ehlukahlukene iyahlukahluka kuyehluka. Ezinye izazi-mlando zithi zidala izincwadi ezingaba ngu-453 zezindlela ezahlukahlukene zesayensi. Ngezincwadi zesi-Arabhu, kunemibhalo eyishumi yefilosofi (isayensi yezinkanyezi, i-chemistry, i-alchemy, njll.) Efomini eliphelele elibhalwe ngesandla. Manje sebekumitapo yolwazi emhlabeni wonke.

Impilo yomuntu siqu

Ngeshwa, izinkumbulo zabafundi abakhulu bakwa-Avicenna bahlulekile ukuthola izehlakalo empilweni yakhe. Isazi sefilosofi, udokotela nezinkondlo ebhalela izinkondlo eziningi, lapho ubuhle besifazane, uthando, ukuvumelana, ukuphelela. U-Ibn Sina wahamba impilo yakhe yonke, wayengenayo indawo yokuhlala unomphela, ngakho-ke isimo somndeni wakhe singaqagela nje.

Ukushona

U-Avicenna uphile ngokuthakazelisa, egcwele ukuhlaselwa futhi awela impilo. Buyela eWitherland ngemuva kososayensi obude be-Muslim Scientist abakwazanga, bafa kwelinye izwe ngo-1037. Isibalo esivelele esayensi e-Hamaran singcwatshwe, futhi izinyanga eziyi-8 ngemuva komkhosi, isidumbu sakhe sathunyelwa saya e-Isfahal ukuze singcwatshwe eMausoleum.

Kunenganekwane yokuthi ngesikhathi sokuphila kukaHussein adale umuthi, avumela ukuba aphile phakade. Le mfihlo yatshela umfundi wayo omuhle kakhulu. Lapho uthisha efa, le nsizwa encane izame ukuvusa isidumbu somdala. Ucishe waphumelela, kepha ekugcineni washaqeka ngoshintsho emzimbeni wososayensi ngesikhathi sososayensi ngesikhathi sesiko ngesikhathi sesiko, waphonsa umkhumbi womlingo ezandleni futhi akakwazanga ukuqedela okuqalile. Okuvamile maphakathi nomzimba kwabuye kwangena esimweni sobuphukuphuku.

I-Bibliography

"Book of Healing"
"Incwadi yemiyalo nemiyalo"
"Incwadi yolwazi"
"Khombisa Inyoni"
"Phila, Ndodana Yabavusiwe"
"Salaman ne-IBSAL"
"Tale of Yusuf"
"Kubuciko bezinkondlo
"I-Canon Medical Science"