Ubuzima
Ibin Sina (Abu Ali Hussein bin Abdullah Ibin Sina) ni umwe mu bantu baguye mu mateka y'abantu. Azi uburyo umuganga, umuhanga mu bya filozokiya, imibare, umucuranzi, umusizi, umuhanga ukomeye, ibikorwa byayo bisigaye mu nzego 29 za siyansi. Mu burengerazuba bw'Ubuhanga bw'Ubuperesi butwa Avicenna. Ubuzima bwa kamere idasanzwe bushobora kubwira abakomoka kuri benshi.
Ibin Sina yavutse muri 980 mu mudugudu muto wa APSHAN (Aziya yo hagati) hafi ya Bukhara - umurwa mukuru wa Leta ya Samani. Se w'umuhanga uzwi cyane yafatwagaga nk'umutunzi, yari afite umuyobozi.
Igihe umuryango wimukiye mu murwa mukuru, umuhungu ufite impano yafunguye kubona ubumenyi bwinshi, kuko icyo gihe Bukhara yari ikigo cy'uburezi, aho abaganga batandukanye basuye basuye isomero rya palace, bagiye gusura isomero rya palace.
Avicenna ukiri muto mubana batonganye namatsiko adasanzwe, bitangaje kubona ibibazo bihoraho. Umuto IZEJAYKA yoherejwe mu ntangiriro kwiga mu ishuri ry'abayisilamu risanzwe, yasuye imyaka 10.
Mugereranije na gahunda yishuri Hussein, yize Byongeye kandi icyarabu, ubushakashatsi. Igihe umuhungu yujuje imyaka 10, yari asanzwe azi Korowani yose, akurikije imyizerere, Abayisilamu bafatwaga nk'ikimenyetso cyicyubahiro cyane.
Abantu bakikije Hussein batangajwe no gutsinda umwangavu bafite impano. Papa yahisemo gutora umuhungu ku mahugurwa yongerewe kugiti cye. Umwarimu (gusura umusaza) yaje iwe, mu magambo yigisha, inyenyeri, filozofiya, geografiya, nibindi. Ibintu.
Umuryango wa Ibin Sina witaye kandi kumurwa wo kumurikirwa mu mwuka (umuhanga mu bya filozofiya yari afite umuvandimwe muto ndetse n'umusore wamatsiko yari ashishikajwe no kubyamamaza kwa Ismalith - Abatavuga rumwe na orotodogisi, se n'umwarimu wa mbere.
Bidatinze, umunyeshuri w'umunyabwenge bidasanzwe yazamutse ku rwego rumwe rw'ubumenyi bw'umwarimu we Urugo, niyo nyirabayazana w'uko yari azi kwigenga ku bumenyi butandukanye. Mu myaka cumi n'ine, umusore wateye imbere yatwarwaga n'umuti, yize amakuru yose aboneka mu mujyi ndetse atangira kwitabira abarwayi batoroshye kugira ngo babone ukuri kwa siyansi. Ibin Sina, umuganga uzwi n'uwanditse umwanditsi w'inyandiko nyamukuru y'ubuvuzi y'icyo gihe - Abu Sakhl Masihi, akurura imiti.
Iyo habaye uruhara mu ngoro: Umukuru w'igihugu yararwaye, ariko nta n'umwe mu baganga w'urukiko washoboraga guhitamo kwivuza. Hanyuma ukiri muto Avicena yatumiwe kuri Emire, watanze ibyifuzo bikenewe kandi ahishura neza ubwoko bw'indwara. Nyuma yimyaka cumi n'imyaka cumi n'irindwi, yashyizeho umuganga wawe w'umutegetsi.
Avicenna yakiriye ubushakashatsi bwimbitse bw'ibitabo bishya by'ibitabo by'ibitabo, Avicenna yatangiye kugaragara ku banyeshuri babo, kandi afite imyaka 18 y'amavuko, umusore ubishoboye yemeye kuganira n'abahanga mu bya siyansi y'iburasirazuba no hagati muri Aziya yo hagati no hagati.
Iyo Ibin Ubururu bwahinduye imyaka 20, yari asanzwe ari umwanditsi wibitabo byinshi:
- Encyclopedia nini.
- Imyitwarire.
- Inkoranyamagambo.
Ariko ituze mu mujyi ryasimbuwe n'intambara. Bukhara yafashwe n'imiryango ya Turukiya. Umurwa mukuru washenywe, umuriro, harimo isomero rya palace. Se w'umuhanga mu bya filozofiya yapfiriye muri iki gihe, umusore yahisemo kuva mu gihugu agiye muri Khorezm hamwe na Caravan yo guhaha.
Umuti
Muri Khorezm, umuganga ukiri muto yabonye inshuti nyinshi, kandi bidatinze abajyanama ba Mashahi na BIRUUN yageze hano. Umutegetsi waho wo mu mujyi yagize uruhare mu iterambere ry'ubumenyi butandukanye, yemerera guteranira ibwami n'abahanga mu itumanaho ryera.
Rero, mu myaka itari mike Hussein n'abamushyigikiye bafite amahirwe yo kwishora mu buntu ubushakashatsi nakazi.
Muri iyo myaka, leta yabujije gukingura imibiri yabantu kugirango yige imiterere yabo. Abarenga ku Mategeko bakorewe igihano cy'urupfu, ariko Avicena na Masihi bakomeje kubikora rwihishwa. Nyuma y'igihe runaka, abahanga batumiwe mu murwa mukuru mu nama bajya i Sultan. Byari bizwi ko ubutumire nk'ubwo bubangamiye abahanga no gusigwa urupfu.
Ibin Sina na muganga bahisemo kwiruka. Abahanga baguye mu gihuhuhuha mu butayu, bazimiye, bazimiye ibiryo, amazi, kubera abasaza Mashahi yapfuye, Avicen akomeza kubaho mu buryo bw'igitangaza. Yashize imyaka myinshi, yihishe mu bushake, ahindura amazina, ariko akomeza gukora ibitabo bikomeye, kwandika.
Muri 1016, Ibin Sina yahagaze i Hamadan (uwahoze ari umurwa mukuru wimyanda). Noneho habaye imMyi zizize ku bushake, zabaye akarusho kuri ahistcent. Yahise ahabwa uyu muganga mukuru w'umuyobozi waho ndetse ahezwa izina ry'umucunga mukuru.
Imyaka ituye i Hamadan yemereye umuhanga kurangiza amajwi ya mbere yumurimo wa mbere - igitabo "Canon yubumenyi bwubuvuzi". Uyu murimo ugizwe nubunini butanu gusa bwibi bikurikira:
- 1 Tom: Ubumenyi bwubuvuzi - ibisobanuro byindwara zidakira, kwisuzumisha, kuvura, kubaga.
- 2 Tom: Inkuru zerekeye imiti yoroshye yinkomoko karemano.
- Umubumbe wa 3 na 4: Ibyifuzo byo kuvura indwara zingingo, kuvunika umubiri.
- 5 Tom: Ibisobanuro byimitungo yibiyobyabwenge bigoye kwitegura avicenna, kimwe no kwerekana ibyavuye kubaganga ba kera i Burayi na Aziya.
Ibin Sina yatangaje ko virusi ari inyama zo kutagaragara z'indwara zandura, ariko iyi hypothesis yemejwe nyuma yimyaka 800 muri Pasteur (Umuhanga wumufaransa).
Ubumenyi butangaje bwa filozofiya kubyerekeye imyumbati. Yasobanuye ubwoko bwose bushoboka hamwe nibisabwa mu gitabo. Avicenna yabaye umuganga wambere, yatanze ibisobanuro byindwara zigoye nkicyorezo, jaundice, kolera, nibindi.
Mbere yuko Hussein yasobanuye neza imiterere y'ijisho ry'umuntu, yizeraga ko ijisho ryasa n'itara rifite imirasire y'inkomoko idasanzwe. Mu gihe gito, "Canon ya siyanse y'ubuvuzi" yahindutse inkoranyamagambo y'ingenzi ku isi ikoreshwa mu bihugu bitandukanye, harimo uturere tw'Uburusiya bwa kera.
Filozofiya
Akazi kenshi, ibihimbano bya Avicenna bikomeye byatakaye, byongeye kwandikwa no guhindura bito, bitera bigoye kubaka ishusho yukuri yimanza ze za filozofiya. Ariko imirimo imwe iracyabikwa. Dukurikije imyizerere ya Hussein, siyanse igabanijwemo ibyiciro bitatu:- Hejuru.
- Ugereranije.
- Yatakaye.
Avicenna ntiyigeze irwanya igitekerezo bitandukanye n'abahanga benshi, kugira ngo intangiriro ya byose yatangiriye, umuzi wa bose uri ku isi ni Imana. Amaze gushiraho ibishoboka byose ku isi, yasesenguye mu buryo burambuye ishingiro ry'umutima w'umuntu, uza mu mibiri n'imibiri itandukanye (nk'inyamaswa cyangwa nyuma yo kongera gusubira ku isi.
Umwanya wa filozofiya ya Ibin Sina wanenzwe cyane n'abatekerezaga cyane, Shufi (Esoterics muri Islamu), ariko umuhanga wasanze abayoboke benshi, abayoboke.
Ubuvanganzo n'Ubumenyi
Avicenna yahisemo kujya impaka ku nsanganyamatsiko zikomeye z'imirongo. Muri iyi fomu, banditse imirimo nk'iyo nk '"isohoka ku rukundo", "inyoni" n'abandi.
Umusanzu ukomeye wakozwe muri psychologiya, guteza imbere inyigisho ze bwite mubibazo byabantu (kugabana muburyo bushyushye, bukonje, butose kandi bwumye). Ibikorwa byayo byagaragaye mubukanishi (inyigisho yingabo), mumiziki (ikora ku nyigisho yubuhanzi bwijwi).
Umubare wibikorwa byose wa filozofiya ahantu hatandukanye biratandukanye. Bamwe mu bahanga mu by'amateka bavuga ko bakoze ibitabo bigera kuri 453 by'ibyerekezo bitandukanye bya siyansi. Mu bitabo by'icyarabu, hari ibyanditswe n'imyaka icumi, chimie, alchemy, n'ibindi) mu buryo bubitswe. Noneho bari mu masomero ku isi.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Kubwamahirwe, kwibuka abanyeshuri bakomeye ba Avicenna bananiwe kwerekana ibyabaye mubuzima bwe bwite. Umufilozofe, umuganga n'umusizi yanditse ibisigo byinshi, aho ubwiza bwumugore, urukundo, guhuza, gutungana. Ibin Sina yasohoye ubuzima bwe bwose, ntabwo yari atuye burundu, nuko rero urwego rwumuryango we rushobora gukeka gusa.Urupfu
Avicenna yabayeho ishimishije, yuzuye ibitero no kugwa mubuzima. Garuka mu mubyatsi nyuma yuko umuhanga mu birimisigi, udashobora, yapfiriye mu mahanga mu 1037. Igishushanyo mbonera cya siyansi i Haman cyashyinguwe, nyuma y'amezi 8 nyuma y'imihango, umurambo we wajyanywe muri Isfahal kugira ngo ushyingurwe muri Mausoleum.
Hariho umugani w'uko mu buzima bwa Hussein yakoze ibiyobyabwenge, bituma kubaho iteka. Iri banga yabwiye umunyeshuri mwiza. Igihe umwarimu yapfaga, umusore ukiri muto yagerageje kuzura umurambo wa mukuru. Yatsinze, ariko mu mwanya wa nyuma atungurwa n'impinduka mu mubiri w'umuhanga mu mihango, yataye icyombo cy'ubupfundo mu biganza kandi ntibyashoboraga kurangiza. Ibisanzwe hagati yumubiri byongeye kwandurwa mubuswa.
Bibliografiya
- "Igitabo cyo Gukiza"
- "Igitabo cy'amabwiriza n'amabwiriza"
- "Igitabo cy'ubumenyi"
- "Ibisobanuro ku nyoni"
- "KUBAHO, UMWANA WA SHAKA"
- "Salaman na IByal"
- "Umugani wa Yusuf"
- "Ku buhanga bw'isi
- "Ubuvuzi bw'ubuvuzi bwa Canon"