Chiphunzitso
Ibn Sina (Abu Ali Asusein IbdA Abdullah Ibdn Sin) ndi m'modzi mwa anthu omwe agwera m'mbiri ya anthu. Amadziwa momwe dokotala, wafilosofi, masamu, woimba, wolemba ndakatulo wamkulu, yemwe ntchito zake zimasiyidwa mgawo 2 wa sayansi. Kumadzulo kwa a Mboni za Persia dzina lake Avicenna. Bizinesi ya umunthu wabwino imatha kuuza mbadwa za ambiri.
Ibn Sina adabadwa mu 1880 m'mudzi wa Apshan (Central Asia) pafupi ndi Bukhara - likulu la boma la matchachire. Bambo wa wasayansi wotchuka amawonedwa ngati munthu wachuma, anali ndi udindo wa nduna.
Banjali litasamukira ku likulu la mphatsoyo, mnyamatayo wapereka chidziwitso chokwanira, chifukwa nthawi imeneyo Bukhara anali malo ophunzitsira, pomwe machenjera osiyanasiyana, olemba madongosolo a nyumba yachifumu, anali kupita kukacheza ndi nyumba yachifumu.
Avicenna akadali kumayambiriro kwa ubwana kudasiyanitsidwa ndi chidwi chodabwitsa, zovuta zambiri. Imkykykayka yaying'ono idatumizidwa koyambirira kukaphunzira ku sukulu yachisilamu, yomwe adachezera zaka 10.
Mofananamo ndi pulogalamu ya sukulu Hussein, adaphunzira kuwerenga galamala, Chiarabu, ma syylo. Mnyamatayo atakwanitsa zaka 10, akudziwa kale Qur'an yonse, yomwe, malinga ndi kukhudzika, Asilamu amadziwika kuti ndi chizindikiro chabwino kwambiri.
Anthu oyandikana akhutu amadabwitsidwa ndi zopambana za wachinyamata. Abambo adaganiza zotenga mwana kuchokera kusukulu kuti aphunzitse aliyense payekha. Mphunzitsi (amapita kunyumba) adabwera kunyumba kwake, kuphunzitsa sayansi, zakuthambo, nzeru, geolophy, ndi zinthu zina.
Banja la Ibn Sina limasamala za kuwunikira kwa ana awo kwa ana awo (kuti wafilosofi adakondwera ndi zomwe zili m'mabuku a Ismail - Kodi abambo ake anali ndani? ndi mphunzitsi woyamba.
Posakhalitsa wophunzira wanzeru kwambiri adayamba kudziwa zambiri za mphunzitsi wake, zomwe zidapangitsa kudziwa kwake asayansi osiyanasiyana. Pa zaka khumi ndi zinayi, munthu wotukuka adatengedwa ndi mankhwala, adaphunzira machitidwe onse omwe amapezeka mumzindawu ndipo mpaka adayamba kupezekapo odwala ovuta kwambiri kuti adziwe zoonadi za sayansi. Ina Sinna, dokotala wodziwika bwino komanso wolemba buku la buku lalikulu la zamankhwala la nthawi imeneyo - abu Sakhil Masihi, adakopeka ndi mankhwala.
Kafukufuku akachitika kunyumba yachifumu: Mutu wa boma udadwala, koma palibe a madokotala omwe makhothi angasankhe chithandizo choyenera. Kenako avicenna wachichepere adayitanidwa ku Emire, yemwe adapereka malingaliro oyenera ndikuwulula bwinobwino mtundu wa matenda. Pambuyo pa Hussein wazaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, dzina lake wazaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, adasankha Dokotala wa Wolamulira.
Kupeza chidziwitso chakuzama m'mabuku atsopano a laibulale, avicenna adayamba kuwoneka ophunzira awo, ndipo ali ndi zaka 18 zakubadwa, munthu wofunitsitsa adalola kuti akambirane ndi asayansi yapadera yakum'mawa ndi Central Asia pamakalata.
Pamene Ibn Buluun adakwanitsa zaka 20, anali kale wolemba mabuku angapo:
- Ma encyclopedia.
- Makhalidwe a Ethics.
- Mtanthauzira wa zamankhwala.
Koma bata mumzinda unasinthidwa ndi nkhondo. Bukhara adagwidwa ndi mafuko a Turkic. Likulu lidawonongeka, moto, kuphatikizapo laibulale ya nyumba yachifumu. Bambo wafilofero anamwalira nthawi imeneyi, ndipo mnyamatayo adaganiza zochoka kwawo popita ku Khorezm ndi ogula.
Mankhwala
Ku Khorezm, dokotala wachichepere adapeza abwenzi ambiri, ndipo posakhalitsa Masihi ndi a Corn alangizi ake adafika kuno. Wolamulira wam'deralo wa mzindawo adathandizira ma sayansi osiyanasiyana, kulola kuti asonkhanitse nyumba yachifumu ya asayansi kuti athe kulankhulana bwino.
Chifukwa chake, kwa zaka zingapo Hussin ndi othandizira ake anali ndi mwayi wochita nawo kafukufuku wasayansi ndikugwira ntchito.
M'zaka zonsezi, boma lalephera kutsegula matupi a anthu kuphunzira mawonekedwe awo. Ophwanya malamulo adagonjera chilango chophedwa, koma Avicenna ndi Masi anapitilizabe kuchita mobisa. Ndipo patapita nthawi, asayansi adayitanidwa ku likulu la msonkhano kupita ku Sultan. Zinali kudziwika kuti zokopa izi zimawopseza asayansi ndi kufa kwa ndakatulo.
Ibn Sina ndipo adotolo adaganiza zothamangira. Asayansi adagwa pansi pa chimphepo chamkuntho m'chipululu, atayika, chakudya, madzi, chifukwa cha okalamba Masihi adamwalira, ndipo Avicenna adakhalabe ndi moyo. Anayendayenda kwa zaka zambiri, kubisala m'masunje owopsa, anasintha mayina, koma anapitilizabe kugwira ntchito molimbika, kulemba mabuku.
Mu 1016, ibn Sina adayima ku Hamadan (likulu lakale la ma mussels). Ndipo panali mitundu yosankha mwachisawawa, yomwe idakhala mwayi kwa Aviscent. Anandilandira mwachangu udindo wa dokotala wa wolamulira wakumaloko ndipo ngakhale anapatsidwa ulemu wa rimier.
Zaka zokhala ku Hamadan zidalola kuti wasayansi kumaliza kuchuluka koyamba pantchito yake yayikulu - buku la "Canon of ofcle Sayansi". Ntchitoyi ili ndi mavoliyumu asanu okha mwa zotsatirazi:
- 1 Tom: Sayansi ya Zachipatala - malongosoledwe osachiritsika matenda osachiritsika, matenda awo, chithandizo, opaleshoni.
- 2 Tom: Nkhani zokhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
- 3 ndi 4 mavoliyumu: malingaliro ochizira matenda a anthu, zojambula zamthupi.
- 5 Tom: Kufotokozera za kuchuluka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a Avicenna, komanso umboni wosonyeza madotolo akale ku Europe ku Europe ndi Asia.
Ibn Sinna adawulula kuti ma virus ndife tizilombo toyambitsa matenda opatsirana, koma malingaliro awa adatsimikiziridwa pambuyo pa zaka 800 ku Pasteur (wasayansi waku France).
Kudziwa zinthu zosangalatsa za kugunda. Adafotokozera mitundu yonse yamitundu yonse yomwe ili m'buku. Avicenna adakhala dokotala woyamba, atapatsidwa tanthauzo la matenda ovuta ngati a jaundice, kolera, etc.
Hussen asanafotokozere mwatsatanetsatane kapangidwe ka diso la munthu, zimakhulupirira kuti diso linali lofanana ndi nyali yokhala ndi zoyambira zapadera. Munthawi yochepa, "Canon of Medival sayansi" yasandulika buku la Encyclopedia ya kufunika kwa dziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza madera akale akale.
Malingaliro
Ntchito zambiri, kapangidwe ka avicenna yayikulu imatayika, imalembedwanso mwa kutanthauzira kochepa, komwe kumayambitsa zovuta kuti apange chithunzi cholondola cha zigamulo zake zanzeru. Koma ntchito zina zimasungidwabe. Malinga ndi kukhudzika kwa Hussein, sayansi imagawidwa m'magulu atatu:- Okwera.
- Pafupifupi.
- Wotayika.
Avicenna sanatsutse lingaliro limodzi kuti asakumane ndi asayansi ambiri, kuti kuyamba kwa onse adayamba, muzu wa zonse padziko lapansi ndi Mulungu. Pokhazikika kuthambo kwa dziko lapansi, adasanthula mwatsatanetsatane mzimu wa munthu, womwe umabwera m'matupi osiyanasiyana ndi matupi kapena munthu) padziko lapansi, ndipo atabweranso kwa Mlengi wake.
Malingaliro a Ibn Sina adadzudzulidwa kwambiri ndi oganiza achiyuda, Sufi (Elotriescs ku Chisilamu), koma wasayansi adapeza othandizira ambiri, otsatira.
Mabuku ndi sayansi zina
Avicenna ankakonda kukangana pamitu yayikulu ya mavesi. Mu mawonekedwe awa, amalembedwa ntchito ngati "chinyengo pa chikondi", "Hai Ibzan", "mbalame" ndi ena.
Kupereka kwakukulu kunapangidwa ndi katswiri wama psychology, kukulitsa chiphunzitso chake pamavuto a anthu (kugawidwa kukhala otentha, ozizira, onyowa komanso owuma). Ntchito zake zimadziwika kumakina (lingaliro lamphamvu zoyesedwa), mu nyimbo (imagwira ntchito pa lingaliro la zaluso zamawu).
Chiwerengero cha ntchito zonse za wafilosofi misasa zosiyanasiyana zimasiyanasiyana. Olemba mbiri ena amati adalenga mabuku pafupifupi 453 a mayendedwe osiyanasiyana sayansi. M'mabuku a Chiarabu, pali zolemba khumi za wafilosofi (zakuthambo, umagwirira, alchemy, etc.) m'malo osungidwa olembedwa pamanja. Tsopano ali m'mabulale padziko lonse lapansi.
Moyo Wanu
Tsoka ilo, zikumbutso za ophunzira akulu a avicenna adalephera kukhazikitsa zochitika pamoyo wake. Wafilosofi, dokotala ndi ndakatulo adalemba ndakatulo zambiri, kukongola, chikondi, mogwirizana, ungwiro. Ibn Sina adayenda moyo wake wonse, sanakhale nzika yokhazikika, motero banja lake limangoganiza.Imfa
Avicenna wakhala wosangalatsa, wodzala ndi kuukiridwa ndikukhala moyo. Bwererani ku mayi nditakhala wanyunyu wautali wachisilamu atamwalira, adamwalira kudziko lina mu 1037. Chithunzi chodabwitsa cha sayansi ku Hamaran chaikidwa m'manda, miyezi isanu ndi itatu chija chitachitika, thupi lake linatengedwa kupita ku chishaka kuti likaikidwe ku Mausleum.
Pali nthano yomwe moyo wa Hussein adapanga mankhwala, kulola kukhala ndi moyo kwamuyaya. Chinsinsi ichi adauza wophunzira wake wapamtima. Mphunzitsiyo atamwalira, mnyamata wachichepereyo anayesa kuukitsa thupi la mkulu. Pafupifupi atakwanitsa, koma pa nthawi yomaliza idadabwa chifukwa cha kusintha kwa thupi la wasayansi panthawi yamakhalidwe, adagwetsa sitima yamatsenga m'manja ndipo sanathe kumaliza. Wamba pakati pa thupilo adadutsanso mu zopusa.
M'bali
- "Buku la Kuchiritsa"
- "Buku la Malangizo ndi Malangizo"
- "Buku la Chidziwitso"
- "Mbalame"
- "Live, Mwana Wadzukulu"
- "Salaman ndi IBSAL"
- "Chuma cha Yusuf"
- "Pa luso la ndakatulo
- "Canon Mesec sayansi"