Biography
Ibn Sina (Abu Ali Hussein Ibn Abdullah Ibn Sina) mumwe wevanhu vakawira pasi kupenya munhoroondo yevanhu. Iye anoziva kuti chiremba, muzivi, masvomhu, muimbi, mudetembi, musayenditi mukuru, ane mabasa akasara mumitambo makumi matatu neshanu esainzi. Kumadokero kwePersian Genius akadanwa Avicenna. Biography yehunhu hwakatanhamara rinokwanisa kuudza vazukuru nezvevazhinji.
Ibn Sina akaberekwa muna 980 mumusha mudiki weAPSHAN (Central Asia) pedyo Bukhara - guta guru renyika yeSamanids. Baba vesaenzi anozivikanwa vaionekwa semurume akapfuma, aive nechimiro chemumwe mukuru.
Mhuri yakati ichifamba kuguta, mukomana ane chipo akavhura ruzivo rweruzivo rwakakura, nekuti panguva iyoyo Bukhara yaive nzvimbo yedzidzo, uko vaziviriri vakasiyana-siyana, varanda, vadedeya zvekushanyira raibhurari yemuzinda.
Avichenna achiri mukutanga kwehudiki akasiyaniswa nekushamisika, zvinoshamisa kuti vanhu vakuru vanogara. Little iZeknayka yakatumirwa pakutanga kudzidza mune yakajairwa muslim chikoro, chaakashanyira kwemakore gumi.
Mukufanana nechirongwa chechikoro Hussein, akadzidza kuwedzera girama, chiArabhi, stylistics. Mukomana paakatendeuka makore gumi, aitoziva iyo Quan yese, iyo, maererano nezvinotendiswa, maMuslim ainzi chiratidzo chinokudzwa.
Vanhu vakakomberedza Hussein vakashamiswa nekubudirira kwemuyararire ane tarenda. Baba vakasarudza kutora mwanakomana kubva kuchikoro chekudzidziswa mumwe nemumwe. Mudzidzisi (anoshanyira mukuru) akauya kumba kwake, achidzidzisa fizikisi, nyeredzi, huzivi, geography, nezvimwe zvinhu.
Mhuri yaIbn ine hanya nekuvhenekerwa kwemweya yevana vavo (muzivi aive nemunun'una wavo kana murume wechidiki wechidiki aifarira zvakajeka nezvinhu zvinopesana nevanoparidzwa - vapikisi veOrlado, ndiani baba vake uye mudzidzisi wekutanga.
Nenguva isipi mudzidzi akangwara akangwara akasimuka kusvika padanho rekuziva kwemudzidzisi wepamusha, icho chaive chakonzera ruzivo rwake rwakazvimirira rwesainzi. Pamakore gumi nemana, murume akagadzirwa akatakurwa nemushonga, akadzidza zvibvumirano zvese zviripo muguta uye akatotanga kuenda kune varwere vakaoma kwazvo kuti vawedzere chokwadi chesainzi. Ibn Sina, chiremba anozivikanwa kwazvo uye munyori webhuku guru rekurapa renguva iyoyo - Abu Sakhl Masihi, akakwezva kumushonga.
Kana nyaya isina kujairika ichiitika mumuzinda: Musoro weNyika wakarwara, asi hapana kana mumwe wedare vanachiremba vaigona kusarudza kurapwa kwake kwakakodzera. Ipapo Avicenna akakokwa kumamire, akapa kurudziro inodiwa uye kubudirira kuratidza rudzi rwechirwere. Mushure mekunge Hussein ane makore gumi nemanomwe, akagadza chiremba wemutongi wemubati.
Kugamuchira ruzivo rukuru rwemabhuku matsva emabhuku emuzinda, avicenna akatanga kuratidzika kuita zvavakaita, uye pazera ramakore gumi nemasere, murume wechidiki anokwanisa kukurukura nezvesayenzi akasarudzika ekumabvazuva uye pakati peAsia pane tsamba.
Kana Ibn bhuruu yakatendeuka makore makumi maviri, aive atove munyori wemabhuku akati wandei:
- Yakawedzera encyclopedia.
- Ethics shanduro.
- Medical duramazwi.
Asi kudzikama muguta kwakadzoserwa nehondo. Bukhara yakabatwa nemadzinza eTurkic. Capital capital yakaparadzwa, moto, kusanganisira raibhurari yemuzita. Baba vemuzivi akafa panguva ino, uye murume wacho akasarudza kusiya nyika nekuenda kuKhorezm neCaravan yekutenga.
Mushonga
MuKhorezm, chiremba mudiki akawana shamwari zhinji, uye munguva pfupi, vaimbove vekare naMasihi naBirun vanotangisa pano. Mutongi weko weguta akabuditsa mukuvandudzwa kwemainzi akasiyana siyana, achibvumira kuungana mumuzinda nemasayendisiti ekutaurirana kubereka.
Saka, kwemakore akati wandei Hussein nevatsigiri vake vane mukana wekunyarara nekutsvaga kwesainzi uye basa.
Mumakore iwayo, nyika yakarambidza kuvhura miviri yevanhu kuti vadzidze chimiro chavo. Vapomeri vemutemo vakaiswa mutongo werufu, asi avicenna naMasihi vakaramba vachizviita muchivande. Uye mushure menguva yakati, masayendisiti akakokwa kuguta guru kumusangano kuSultani. Zvaizivikanwa kuti mapepa ekukoka akadai anotyisidzira masayendisiti uye mudetembi rufu.
Ibn Sina uye chiremba akasarudza kumhanya. Masayendisiti akawira pasi pedutu rinotyisa musango, rakarasika, chikafu chakarasika, mvura, nekuda kweiyo masihi masihi, uye avicenna zvakasikwa zvakasara kuti urarame. Akadzungaira kwemakore mazhinji, akavanda kubva kune anotyisa muSultani, akachinja mazita, asi akaramba achishanda mabhuku akaoma, achinyora.
Muna 1016, Ibn Sina akamira muHamadan (iyo yaimbove guta guru reMussels). Ipapo kwaive nemweya wakasarudzika wakadzidziswa, izvo zvakava mukana wekuti unokwana. Akakurumidza kugamuchira chinzvimbo chemuchengeti mukuru wemutongi wenzvimbo iyi uye kunyange chakapihwa zita guru guru guru.
Makore ekugara muHamadan akabvumira musayendisiti kuti apedze vhoriyamu yekutanga yebasa rayo guru - iro bhuku rinoti "reCanon resainzi yekurapa". Iri basa rine mavhoriyamu mashanu chete ezvinyorwa zvinotevera:
- 1 Tom: Chinyorwa chekurapa - rondedzero yezvirwere zvinopinza, kurwadza kwavo, kurapwa, kuvhiyiwa.
- 2 Tom: Nhau dzezvemishonga yakapfava dzechisikigo.
- 3 ne4 mavhoriyamu: Kurudziro yekurapa chirwere chevengozi dzevanhu, zvidimbu zvidiki.
- 5 Tom: Tsanangudzo yezvivakwa zvemishonga yakaoma yekuzvigadzirira avicenna, pamwe nekuratidza zvinongedzo kune vanachiremba vekare muEurope neAsia.
Ibn Sina akazivisa kuti vhiri dziripo hondo dzisingaoneki dzezvirwere zvinotapukira, asi izvi hutsinye chakasimbiswa mushure memakore mazana masere muPasteur (muenzi wechiFrench).
Kuziva ruzivo rwechizivi pamusoro penyaya. Akarondedzera marudzi ese azvo uye mamiriro ezvinhu mubhuku. Avicenna yakava chiremba wekutanga, akapiwa tsananguro yechirwere chakaoma kudaro sedenda, Jaundice, cholera, nezvimwe.
Hussein asati atsanangura zvakadzama chimiro cherudzi rwevanhu, zvaitendwa kuti ziso rakafanana nemwenje nemakanda ezvinyorwa zvakakosha. Munguva pfupi, "canon yesainzi yekurapa" yave encyclopedia yekushandurwa kwenyika inoshandiswa munyika dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira ndima dzeRussia dzekare.
Uzivi
VAKAWANDA, kuumbwa kweVakuru Avicenna kwakarasika, kunorwazve nekududzira kudiki, izvo zvinoita kuti kuomarara kuve nekuvaka mufananidzo chaiwo wekutonga kwake kwehunyanzvi. Asi mamwe mabasa achiri kuchengetedzwa. Zvinoenderana nekutenda kweHussein, sainzi yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu:- Kumusoro.
- Pakati.
- Yakarasika.
Avichenna haana kupikisa dzidziso iyi achipikiswa nesainzi vazhinji, kuti kutanga kwevose kwakatanga, mudzi wezvose zviripo mupasi ndiMwari. Akasimbisa kusingagumi kwenyika, akaongorora zvakadzama kukosha kwemweya wemunhu, uyo unouya mumiviri yemiviri nemiviri (semhuka kana murume) kusvika pasi, uye mushure mekudzokera kuMusiki wake.
Nzvimbo yehunyanzvi yeIbn Sina yakashoropodzwa zvakanyanya nevanofunga vechiJudha, Sufi (esoterics muIslam), asi musayendisiti akawana vatsigiri vazhinji, vateveri.
Mabhuku uye Mamwe Sayenzi
Avicenna akasarudza kupokana pamisangano yakakomba yemavhesi. Mune ino fomu, ivo vakanyorwa mabasa akadaro se "kurapa parudo", "hai Ibn Jaczan", "Shiri" nevamwe.
Mupiro wakakosha wakaitwa kune yepfungwa, achikudziridza dzidziso yake mumagariro ekutsamwa kwemunhu (kupatsanurana mukupisa, kutonhora, mvura uye yakaoma mavara). Mabasa ayo anoonekwa mumakanika (iyo dzidziso yemasimba mauto), mumimhanzi (inoshanda pane dzidziso yezwi rezwi).
Huwandu hwemabasa ese ePhilosopher mune dzakasiyana siyana zvinyorwa zvinosiyana. Vamwe vanyori venhoroondo vanoti ivo vakasikwa anenge mabhuku makumi mana nemashanu emakwara akasiyana esainzi. Mumabhuku echiArabhi, pane anenge gumi zvinyorwa zvePhilosoti (nyeredzi, chemistry, alchemy, nezvimwewo) mune yakachengetwa isina kukwana isina kukwana yakaremerwa ruoko. Zvino ivo vari mumaraibhurari pasi rese.
Hupenyu Hwako
Nehurombo, ndangariro dzevadzidzi vekare Avicenna dzakatadza kutanga zviitiko kubva muhupenyu hwake. Muzivi, chiremba uye mudetembi akanyora nhetembo dzakawanda, umo runako rwemukadzi webonde, rudo, zvinowirirana, kukwana. Ibn Sina akafamba noupenyu hwake hwese, aisambogara zvachose, saka chimiro chemurume wake chinogona kungofungidzira.Rufu
Avicenna airarama anonakidza, azere nekurwiswa uye anowira hupenyu. Dzokera kuAmailand mushure mekuraswa kwenguva refu musainzi muMuslim hakugone, vakafa kune imwe nyika muna 1037. Nhamba yakatanhamara yesainzi muHamaarani yakavigwa, uye mwedzi misere mushure memhemberero, muviri wake waitakurwa kuenda kuIsfari wekuviga muMausoleum.
Pane ngano yekuti mukati mehupenyu hwaHlesein yakagadzira mushonga, uchibvumira kurarama nekusingaperi. Ichi chakavanzika chaakataura mudzidzi wake wepamoyo. Mudzidzisi paakafa, jaya racho raiyedza kumutsa muviri wemukuru. Akapotsa wabudirira, asi panguva yekupedzisira kutanha nekuchinja mumuviri wemasayenzi panguva yetsika, akakanda mudziyo wemashiripiti kubva mumaoko uye akatadza kupedzisa. Iyo yakasarudzika pakati pemuviri zvakare yakapfuura muhupenzi hwenyika.
BHAIBHERI
- "Bhuku rekuporesa"
- "Bhuku reMirairo uye Mirayiridzo"
- "Bhuku reRuzivo"
- "Kubata shiri"
- "Rarama, Mwanakomana Wake '
- "Salaman naIbsari"
- "Tale yeYusuf"
- "Pane hunyanzvi hwehetembo
- "Canon Kurapa Sayenzi"