Biography
I-Ibn Sina (Abu Ali Hersein ibn Abdullah Ibn Sina) yenye yabantu abawile intetho eqaqambileyo kwimbali yoluntu. Uyayazi indlela ogqirha, isithandi-sobulumko, imvumi, imbongi, inzululwazi enkulu, imisebenzi yako ashiyekileyo kumanqanaba angama-29 eSayensi. Kwintshona yePersian genius ebizwa ngokuba yiAvicenna. I-biography yobuntu obalaseleyo ikwazi ukuxelela inzala malunga nabantu abaninzi.
I-Ibn Sina yazalwa nge-980 kwilali encinci yaseApshan (ephakathi i-Asia) kufutshane neBokhara - ikomkhulu lelizwe le-Saminads. Utata wenzululwazi ethandwayo wathathwa njengendoda esisityebi, wayenobume begosa.
Xa le ntsapho ifudukele kwikomkhulu, inkwenkwe enesiphithiphile ivule ulwazi olubanzi, kuba ngelo xesha i-Bukhara yayiyithala leencwadi, apho bendwendwela ilayibrari yebhotwe, bezokundwendwela ilayibrari yebhotwe.
I-Avicenna isesabantwana esebuntwaneni kwahlulwa ngumnqweno omangalisayo, omangalisayo omangalisayo. I-IzeDnayka encinci yathunyelwa ekuqaleni ukuze ifundwe kwisikolo esiqhelekileyo samaSilamsi, awayeyityelele iminyaka eli-10.
Ngokuhambelana nenkqubo yesikolo i-Hussein, wafunda ukongeza kwigrama, i-Arabic, stylives. Xa inkwenkwe yaguquka iminyaka eli-10, sele eyazi yonke i-quran, eyokuqinisekiswa, amaSilamsi aqwalaselwa njengophawu olubekekileyo.
Abantu abajikeleze iHersein emangaliswe yimpumelelo yomntwana onesifo esinetalente. Utata wagqiba kwelokuba athabathe unyana esikolweni ukuze aqeqeshelwe uqeqesho ophuculweyo. Utitshala (ukutyelela umdala) weza endlwini yakhe, efundisa i-physics, i-Astrolophy, ifilografi, i-geography, njl. Njl.
Intsapho yase-Ibn Sina yakukhathalela ukuqaqanjwe ngokomoya kwabantwana babo (intanda-bulumko yayinomntakwabo omncinci) kunye nomfana onomdla kubo wahlelwa ngokucacileyo ukuba ashumayele i-Islamx - owayechasa i-orthodox kunye notitshala wokuqala.
Kungekudala umfundi onzulu onolwazi olunzulu wavuka kwinqanaba elinye lolwazi lomfundisi-ntsapho, eyayingunobangela wolwazi oluzimeleyo lweeSayensi ezahlukeneyo. Kwiminyaka elishumi elinine, umntu ophuhlisiweyo wathwalwa ngamayeza, wafunda zonke izivumelwano ezikhoyo esixekweni kwaye wade waqalisa ukuya kwezona zigulana zinzima zokuzixabisa iinyaniso zesayensi. I-Ibn Sina, ugqirha owaziwayo kunye noMbhali wencwadi ephambili yezonyango yelo xesha - Abu Sayehl Masihi, banomdla kumayeza.
Nje ukuba imeko engaqhelekanga yenzeka kwibhotwe: Intloko-ntle yentloko yagula, kodwa akukho namnye kweyesiko onokukhetha unyango olufanelekileyo. Ke uAvacenna oselula wamenyelwa ku-Emire, onike iingcebiso ezifanelekileyo kwaye eveza ngempumelelo uhlobo lokugula. Emva kweHersein eneminyaka eli-12 ubudala, inyule uMlawuli wobuqu.
Ukufumana ulwazi olunzulu lweencwadi ezintsha zelayibrari yeBilace, uAvicenna waqalisa ukubonakala abafundi babo, kwaye eneminyaka eli-18 ubudala, umfana oneminyaka eli-18 ubudala, umfana onobuchule wavuna ukuba axoxe ngeenzululwazi ezibalaseleyo ze-Mpuma kunye ne-Asia ephakathi kwimbalelwano.
Xa i-IBN Blue yafumana iminyaka engama-20 ubudala, yayisele ingumbhali weencwadi ezininzi:
- I-Encyclopedia ebanzi.
- Iindlela zokuziphatha.
- Isichazi-magama sonyango.
Kodwa ukuzola esixekweni kwathatyathwa yimfazwe. I-Bokhara yabanjwa zizizwe zeTurkic. Imali enkulu yatshatyalaliswa, imililo, kubandakanya nelayibrari yebhotwe. Utata weFilososo wasweleka ngeli xesha, kwaye oyena mfo wagqiba kwelokuba ashiye ilizwe ngokuya eKhorezm nge-caravan.
Iyeza
EKhorezm, ugqirha oselula wafumana abahlobo abaninzi, kwaye kungekudala iMasihi yakhe yangaphambili yangaphambili yabacebisi bafika apha. UMlawuli wasekhaya weSixeko ubenegalelo kuphuhliso lweSayensi eyahlukeneyo, ukuvumela ukuhlanganisana kwibhotwe ngezazinzulu ngonxibelelwano oluneziqhamo.
Ke, iminyaka eliqela HUSSININ kunye nabaxhasi bakhe babenethuba lokuzibandakanya ngokuzolileyo kuphando lwezenzululwazi kunye nomsebenzi.
Kule minyaka, urhulumente uye wavala ukuvula imizimba yabantu ukuze afunde ubume babo. Abaphumeleleyo boMthetho babefakiwe kwisigwebo sentambo, kodwa uAviceni noMasihi baqhubeka beyenza ngasese. Kwaye emva kwethuba elithile, izazinzulu zamenyelwa kwikomkhulu ukuya kwintlanganiso ukuya eSultan. Yaziwa ukuba ezo zimemo zisongela izazinzulu kunye neembongi zokufa.
I-Ibn Sina kwaye ugqirha wagqiba kwelokuba abaleke. Izazinzulu zawa phantsi kwesaqhwithi esoyikisayo entlango, elahlekileyo, esilahlekileyo, amanzi, ngenxa yoko kwasala iMasisi ekhulileyo, kwaye uAvicenna wahlala ehleli. Wabhadula iminyaka emininzi, efihlakele kwisuntswana embi, watshintsha amagama, kodwa eqhubeka nokusebenza nzima, ebhala iincwadi.
Ngo-1016, i-Ibn yenA imiswe eHamadan (idolophu yangaphambili yeembaza). Kwabakho ii-emiso ezifundisiweyo ngokungafundiswanga, eyaba yingenelo kum. Ngokukhawuleza wafumana isikhundla sikagqirha oyintloko womlawuli wasekhaya kwaye wafumana isihloko somphathiswa oyintloko uVizibe.
Iminyaka yokuhlala eHamadan yavumela isayensi ukuba igqibe umqulu wokuqala womsebenzi ophambili - incwadi ethi "Canon yeSayensi yoNyango". Lo msebenzi unemiqulu emihlanu kuphela yesiqulatho esilandelayo:
- I-1 Tom: Inzululwazi yezoNyango-inkcazo yezifo ezingapheliyo ze-BRP, isifo sabo, unyango, utyando.
- I-2 ka-Tom: amabali malunga namayeza alula avela kwimvelaphi yendalo.
- I-3 ne-4 imiqulu: Iingcebiso zokunyanga izifo zamalungu omzimba, amaqhekeza omzimba.
- I-5 ka-Tom: Inkcazo yepropathi yeziyobisi ezinzima zokuzilungiselela i-Avicenna, kunye nokubonisa izingqinisiso koogqirha bakudala eYurophu naseAsia.
I-Ibn Sinesi iveze ukuba iintsholongwane zingamantshontsho angabonakaliyo yezifo ezosulelayo, kodwa le hypothesis iqinisekisiwe kuphela emva kweminyaka engama-800 kwi-pasteur (inzululwazi yesiFrentshi).
Ulwazi olunomtsalane ngefilosofi malunga nepulse. Wachaza zonke iintlobo zayo ezinokwenzeka kunye neemeko zayo ezikwincwadi. UAvicena waba ngugqirha wokuqala, enikezwe inkcazo yezifo ezinzima njengesibetho, i-jaundice, cholera, njl.
Phambi kokuba uHussein uchaze ngokweenkcukacha ulwakhiwo lomntu iliso, kwakholelwa ukuba iliso lalifana nekhampasi enemvelaphi ekhethekileyo. Ngexesha elifutshane, "ICanon yeSayensi yoNyango" iye yaba yi-encyclopedia ebaluleke kakhulu esetyenziswa kumazwe awahlukeneyo, kuquka nemimandla yeRussia yakudala.
Intanda-bulumko
Umsebenzi emininzi, iingoma ze-Avicenna enkulu ilahlekile, zibhalwa ngokutsha, zibangela ukuba iguqulelwe kakuhle, ebangela ukuba iguqulelwe umfanekiso ochanekileyo wokugweba intanda-bulumko yakhe. Kodwa ezinye izinto zomsebenzi zisagcinwa. Ngokutsho kwenkolelo yeHussein, isayensi yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu:- Ngaphezulu.
- Umndilili.
- Ilahlekile.
UAvicenna akazange achase ithiyori ngokuchaseneyo nezifundo ezininzi, ukuba isiqalo sabo bonke, ingcambu yabo bonke ekhoyo ePlanethi nguThixo. Ukumiliselwa okungapheliyo kwehlabathi, wahlalutya ngokweenkcukacha umxholo womphefumlo womntu, oza kwimizimba eyahlukeneyo (njengesilwanyana okanye emntwini) kuMdali wakhe.
Isikhundla sentanda-bulumko ye-Ibn Sina sasigxekwa kakhulu ngabantu abacinga ngamaYuda, uSfie (i-SUFI (i-SOFI (i-Osoesi (i-issoec (i-issoec (i-issote (kodwa inzululwazi ifumene uninzi lwabaxhasi, abalandeli.
Uncwadi kunye nezinye iiSayensi
I-Avicenna ikhetha ukuphikisana ngemixholo enzulu yevesi. Kule fomu, babhalwa imisebenzi enjalo "banyango ngothando", "Hai Ibn Jaczan", "ntaka" kunye nabanye.
Igalelo elibalulekileyo lenziwa kwi-psychology, ephuhlisa imfundiso yakhe kwimiba yobushushu bomntu (ukwahlula-hlulwa, kubanda, emanzini kwaye imanzi kwaye imanzi kwaye imanzi). Imisebenzi yayo iqatshelwe ngoomatshini (i-Inquri yamandla eHlangeneyo), kuMculo (isebenza kwithiyori ye-Vocal).
Inani lemisebenzi yefilosoti kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo iyahluka. Abanye ababhali-mbali bathi badala iincwadi ezingama-453 zolawulo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi. Kuncwadi lwesiArabhu, kukho imibhalo yeshumi elinambini lesithandi-sobulumko (i-Istronomy, chemistry, Alchemy, njl.njl) kwifom ebhaliweyo engaphelelanga. Ngoku bakwiilayibrari kwihlabathi liphela.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngelishwa, iinkumbulo zoMfundi ka-Avicenna zasilela ukumisela iminyhadala kubomi bakhe. A sobulumko, ugqirha kunye yimbongi ebhaliweyo oluninzi lwemibongo, apho sex ababhinqileyo ubuhle, uthando, ngokuvumelana, imfezeko. U-Ibn Sina wahamba bonke ubomi bakhe, wayehlala isigxina, ngoko ke imeko yentsapho yakhe inokuqikelela kuphela.Ukufa
I-Avicenna iye yahlala inomdla, izele kukuhlasela kwaye iwale ubomi. Buyela kwi-Unilands emva kokuba isayensi ende yamaSilamsi ayinakukwazi, isweleke kwilizwe lasemzini ngo-1037. Umzobo wezenzululwazi obalaseleyo eHamaran uyangcwatywa, kwaye kwiinyanga ezisi-8 emva komsitho, umzimba wakhe wathuthwa waya e-Isfahal ukuze ingcwatywe eMaoleum.
Kukho ibali elithi ngexesha lobomi baseHersein benza ichiza, ukuvumela ukuba uphile ngonaphakade. Le mfihla imfihla ibalaseleyo. Xa utitshala wafa, umfana omncinci wazama ukuvusa umzimba womdala. Phantse waphumelela, kodwa ngomzuzu wokugqibela othuswe lutshintsho emzimbeni wenzululwazi ngexesha lesiko, waphosa inqanawa yomlingo ezandleni kwaye akazange agqibe ukuqalisa. I-Poubrial embindini womzimba kwakhona idluliselwe kwimeko yobudenge.
I-Bibliography
- "Incwadi Yokuphilisa"
- "Incwadi yemiyalelo kunye nemiyalelo"
- "Incwadi Yolwazi"
- "Unyango kwintaka"
- "Phila, Nyana Wapha"
- "I-Salaman kunye ne-irbal"
- "I-TALE YUSUF"
- "Kubugcisa bombongo
- "Inzululwazi yeCanon