Biography
Ngokuqinisekileyo uninzi lwebhentshi yesikolo khumbula ukuba kumaphepha eencwadi zezifundo kwi-algebra unokufumana igama le-leibnitsa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha umzobo wakhe. Kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu owaziyo ukuba lo mntu akazange anyukele kuphela ngefomula yezaziso zemathematics, kodwa wenza izinto ezifunyenweyo kwamanye amabala ezenzululwazi. Ngelishwa, iLeibniz ayifumananga intlonelo efanelwe kukufaneleka ebomini, kodwa igama lakhe labafi, kwaye iimfundiso zefilosofi zazisisiseko kwizizukulwana ezizayo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-wilfmid wilhelm Lebniz yazalwa nge-21 kaJulayi 1) ye-1646, kwiziko lolawulo lomhlaba weSaxonyo esezantsi - i-hanover. I-HIVFright yakhula kwintsapho yonjingalwazi we-serbo-Luzhitsky, eyayingakude nemfundiso yefilosofi: Kwiminyaka eli-12, oyena mntu uphambili kwindlu wafundisa njengonjingalwazi we-ofisi kawonke wonke isimilo.
Iqabane lakhe lesithathu likaKaterina Shmkk, intombi yegqwetha eliphezulu, ngobuzwe - isizwe esicocekileyo. U-Witfright yayingumntwana oqaqathwa nguThixo: Ukususela ebuntwaneni, le nkwenkwe yabonisa ubuhle bakhe, ngoko ke iimbambano zazama ukukhulisa unyana omncinci. Kule xesha kwakuphika ukuba abantwana babo babe yinzululwazi enkulu eya kuzisa izinto eziluncedo kweli lizwe.
Utata womfazi onesiphiwo wavusa ukuba athandane noncwadi, ngoko ke i-Leibniz yaginya iincwadi ngenye, efunda amabali embali malunga nookumkani abakhulu kwaye benesibindi se-knights enkulu. Ngelishwa, iLeibniz-sr. Wasweleka xa inkwenkwe yayingeyiminyaka esixhenxe ubudala, kodwa umzali washiya ilayibrari enkulu, eyiyinto ethandwayo kwi-wapile ye-waletffir.
Ngenye imini isithandi-sobulumko sexesha elizayo kwaye isayensi sakhubeka kwimibhalo emibini eshiyekileyo, yakuba ishiywe ngumfundi. Le yayiyimisebenzi yembali yamandulo yaseRoma kunye nonondyebo onyanisekileyo weCalvia. Umbhali wokugqibela, uLeubharis wafunda ngaphandle kobunzima, kodwa ukuqonda kukaLiliya kwakunzima ukuba ne-fitfried, kuba incwadi endala yabhalwa ngokusebenzisa i-rhetorings ephakanyisiweyo.
Kodwa iLeibniz, ngubani ongaqhelanga ukunikezela, afundele kwakhona imisebenzi yesithandi-sobulumko, de wakuqonda umxholo wesichazi magama esibhaliweyo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isichazi-magama. Kwakhona, umfana wafunda isiJamani nesiLatin, ngaphambi kokuphuhliswa kwengqondo koontanga bakhe. Utitshala uLabitsa waphawula ukuba iwadi yakhe ayilandelwa yinkqubo yesikolo, kodwa ibaleka i-piggy Bank yolwazi lombhali, omele anikele ingqalelo kubo, ukuba ngumfundi weeklasi eziphezulu.
Ke ngoko, utitshala owayekholelwa ukuba iguquko kufuneka asuse iincwadi zika-Libya kude, aphikisana nezomfana, ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba unikele ingqalelo kwi-biibrary ye-celensky kwaye I-Theologion Mortin Luther. Kodwa, ngengubo eyonwabileyo yeemeko, i-noleble idlula, yeva le ncoko kwaye icofe utitshala ngenxa yokuba ukufuna konke okunye.
Ngenxa yoko, akukho mntu wawuyalela i-Leibnitsa ngokuzimeleyo igcwalisa umthwalo, kuba udlulamo - i-nobyby - inobukrelekrele, ebizwa ngokuba ngabazali bakhe ilayibrari yethala leencwadi likatata. Ngenxa yoko, lo mfana onesifo somfana wachukumisa imisebenzi yakudala yeCicero, uPlato, saseSeneki, ePlinia.
I-Leibniz ifundwe kwiziko lemfundo eguqukayo-Isikolo seLeipzig St. Thomas. Apho, umfana wabonakalisa amandla akhe engqondo kootitshala. Ngokukhawuleza wasombulula imisebenzi yemathematics kwaye wabonakalisa italente yoncwadi. Ngomhla wamathathu onengcwele, umfundi owayefunde intetho yayigula, loo msebenzi wanikwa iLebito.
I-gottrid ilawulwa ubusuku bonke ukuze iqalise umsebenzi kwisiLatini. Ngaphezu koko, wakwazi ukwakha umbongo kwiidreyithi ezintlanu, bezifezekisile isandi esinqwenelekayo samagama. Abafundisi-ntsapho baprofeta inkwenkwe, eyayineminyaka eli-1 kuphela ubudala, ikamva elihle.
Emva koko, 14 (15) -e-oneminyaka ubudala ubudala--oneminyaka ubudala eqhubeka ne-Nebble Science Swayen yeSayensi ayisekho esikolweni, kodwa kwiYunivesithi yaseLeipzig. Apho wazithanda intanda-bulumko-imibhalo yomphandle weKeler neGalili. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, iLeibuniz yatshintshelwa kwiDyunivesithi yaseJena, apho yaqala ukuya khona kwimathematics enzulu.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, umfana waqalisa ukubandakanyeka kulawulo lobukumkani, kuba wayekholelwa ukuba isayensi ebikalo i-felid iphela. Kwi-166333 yeLeibniz ifumene isidanga se-bachelor, kunye nonyaka kamva, isidanga senkosi kwintanda-bulumko.
Imfundiso
Isivumelwano sokuqala "kumgaqo-siseko wokwenziwa kwe-leibniz ubhale ngo-1663. Bambalwa abantu ababaziyo, kodwa emva kokuphumelela eyunivesithi, bafudumele baqeshwa i-alchemist eqeshisiweyo. Inyani yile yokuba iLeibniz ivile malunga noluntu lwe-alchemical eNuremberg kwaye wagqiba kwelokuba athathe ifomula engacacanga avela kwiincwadi ze-rosenkreyers.
Abalandeli beemfundiso ezingaqondakaliyo bamangaliswa kukwazi kukaFéreed kwaye bamezisa ngokubalulekileyo. Inzululwazi ivumile ukuba wayengakhathalelwanga kukuzisola, iMathematics yexesha elizayo ihambele inyathelo kangangokuba yaxelelwa ngumntu onganyanisekanga.
Ngo-1667, iLeibuzy Leibniz yaqalisa ukubandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yobupcwalisi kwaye iphumelele ukufundisa ngentanda-bulumko kunye nengqondo. Kufanelekile ukuthi xa incoko malunga nokungazi nto iyeza, emva koko kukhumbula i-Sigmund Farud, kodwa yayinguLebniz owayeka phambili umbono omncinci wengqondo, ngaphambi kwengqondo yengqondo iminyaka engamakhulu amabini. Ngo-1705, "iimvavanyo ezintsha zokuqonda komntu" zabhalwa, kwaye kwiminyaka emihlanu umsebenzi obizwa ngokuba ngu "Monudowocy" (1710).
Isithandi-sobulumko sadala inkqubo yakhe yokwenziwa, kukholelwa ukuba ilizwe elohlukeneyo lelona candelo linezinto ezithile-iinyanga ezikhoyo ngokwahlukeneyo, kwaye nazo ziyinto yokomoya yokuba. Ngapha koko, ukusuka kwimbono yakhe, umhlaba asiyonto ingasebenzi, kuba ithathelwe ingqalelo, kwaye ingxaki yenyani ifuna ukutolika okusisiseko. Kwiimfundiso, i-Leibunia ePhakamileyo iPhakamileyo inguMdali oseke uMyalelo wehlabathi, kwaye umxholo wenyani uqinisekisa ubungqina obunengqondo.
I-gottrid ithathele ingqalelo iGenesis njengento ehambelana, kodwa wazama ukwahlula ukungabinamsebenzi nokubi. Imisebenzi yefilosofi ye-Leibunia yabangela ukucinga kunye ne-Schopenhauer, kodwa iVolttaire yacinga ngemfundiso yakhe malunga "nobhalo okanye ukuzithethelela kukaThixo" (1710), egudileyo.
IMathematics kunye neSayensi
Ngenxa yesikhundla sakhe kwinkonzo ye-Mainz eurz EurfürSt, afihlekile ukuba ahambe eYurophu. Ngeli xesha lesiqhelo, wadibana nabantu baseDatshi, abavumayo ukumfundisa iMathematics.
Ngo-1666, i-gotfriet iba ngumbhali wobugcisa "kubugcisa be-grainatorics", kwaye wamitha iprojekthi malunga nengxelo yelogic. Singatsho ukuba i-Leibniz yabuya kwakhona, kuba le ngqiqweni ime kwimithombo yekhompyuter kunye nesayensi yekhompyuter.
Ngo-1673, weza nekhomputha ye-desktop, ukukhokela ukurekhodwa kweenombolo ezizenzekelayo kwinkqubo ye-Calculatus. Esi sixhobo sibizwa ngokuba yi-Arithmometer Leibuy (Imizobo ye-Arithmometer ifumaneka kwi-Leonardo da Vincipts). Inyani yile yokuba i-Leibnitsa yacaphuka ukuba amaKristu akhe achitha ixesha elininzi ngokongeza amanani, aqhubeka ekholwa ukuba uyakongeza - laabakho.
Ilunguibuy Arithmometer Pascal yePascal yePascal's. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ikopi enye yesixhobo sekhompyuter iwele ezandleni zikaPeter i, ethuswe sisixhobo, ekhawulezileyo ukuba sinike lo mmangaliso kummeli waseTshayina.
Ukuqhelana nokumkani, owayitshisa ifestile eYurophu, kwaye isiseko seJamani sayenza ngo-19997, kwaye le ntlanganiso yayingahleliwe. Emva kwencoko yasemde, iLeibniz yafunyanwa kuPetros, umvuzo wemali kunye nesihloko somcebisi wefihlakali wobulungisa. Kodwa ngaphambili, emva kolondolozo lwemikhosi yaseRussia kwimfazwe eNayova Xii, apho wavakalisa ithemba elivela kwi-MWOSCOW ukuya eMoscow e-Amur.
Kodwa emva koko wavuma ukuba uyolo lokuba ngumhlobo wenkosi enkulu yaseRussia, kwaye ngenxa yeLeibnitsa Peters ndikhonze indalo ye-Academy yeSayensi yeSt. Ukusuka kwi-biography ye-fiefrida, iyaziwa ukuba ngo-1708 wayenembambano nombhali womthetho wembali yehlabathi kaIsaac Newton. I-Leibniz yapapasha ukufunyanwa kwenkqubo yakhe ye-Crollal, kodwa iNewton, eyayazi le nkonzo yesayensi, yatyholwa ngo-gunya kwindibano yocweyo ekweba izimvo kunye ne-plagiarism.
UIsaac wathi ufike kwiziphumo ezifanayo ezili-10 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, kodwa akayishicilela imisebenzi yakhe. I-Leibniz ayizange ibonakale ngathi wayekhe wafunda umbhalo weNeuston, kodwa weza kwiziphumo ezizimeleyo. Ngapha koko, iJamani yeza nendawo efanelekileyo yokomfuziselo, ezazisetyenziswa ngabafundi beMathematics unanamhla.
Impikiswano phakathi kweNewton kunye neLeibniz yaqhubeka kude kube nge-1713, le mbambano yaba yinto ephambili kwimfazwe yase-Pan-Europe ", nakwiincwadana ezinemifanekiso ephambili ezazikhusela kulo elinye labathathi-nxaxheba kwingxabano. Oku kujongana nale ngxabano kwaziwa ngokuba "yeyona nto imbi kakhulu kuyo yonke imbali yemathematics."
Ngenxa yemikhosi, izazinzulu ezimbini zidibanisa isikolo sezibalo zesiNgesi, kwaye abanye bavula iNewton babetyeshelwa kwaye uluntu lwaziwa kuphela emva kweminyaka emininzi. Ukongeza kwiMathematics, i-physics kunye ne-psychology, i-Leibniz yebhayoloji, (inzululwazi ibeka ingcinga yeenkqubo ze-organic), kwaye iphumelele kwi-lingues kunye nolwakhiwo.
Ubomi Buqu
U-Leibin uhlala ebizwa ngokuba yingqondo ebanzi yoluntu, kodwa waliqengqeleka, egcwele yimibono, ebengasoloko esenza umsebenzi waqala ukuphela. Kunzima ukugweba malunga nohlobo lwenzululwazi, kuba abantu bakhe bexesha lakhe bawuchaza umzobo woxamlo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Abanye bathi wayengumntu oboleka kwaye ongathandekiyo, abanye banikwa iimpawu ezintle.
I-gotfight, inamathela kwintanda-bulumko yakhe, yayilithemba kwaye inobuntu, ethi nangaphakathi kongquzulwano noIsaac Newton khange athethe negama elibi. Kodwa i-Leibniz yayivutha ngumsindo kwaye yenzakala, kodwa uqhube ngokukhawuleza engqondweni kwaye wayehlala ehleka, nokuba yayingeyongxaki. Nangona kunjalo, inzululwazi yayine-up, awayeziqonda yona: Ngamanye amaxesha iMathematics yayiyi-stingy nekorestolobiv.
I-Leibniz inxibe icocekile kwaye yanxiba i-wig emnyama, kuba yayixelelwa ngefashoni yelo xesha. Esidlweni, isayensi ayizange ihleke, kwaye iwayini isela ngokungaqhelekanga, ihlala ikwiholide. Kodwa nakwisiselo esivuthayo sivela kwiidiliya, sinomxholo otyhafileyo iswekile, njengoko wayenencasa emnandi.
Ngokuphathelele ubudlelwane-moya, kukho ulwazi oluncinci malunga neenoveli ze-HIVffried, kwaye ezinye iibhayilophe ziqinisekile ukuba kukho umfazi omnye kubomi bosayensi - isayensi. Kodwa waqala ubuhlobo obufudumeleyo kunye ne-Grussian Sonfia Charlover Hannover, nangona kunjalo, obu budlelwane bungaphaya kwesakhelo se-platonic. Ngo-1705, uSofia wasweleka, kwaye uLeibniz wayengamkele ubomi bakhe bonke ngento awayeyenzile, emva kokusweleka kwentanda yakhe, akazange afumane amanenekazi.
Ukufa
Iminyaka yokugqibela yoBomi, iLeibnitsa yayixinekile, kuba ulwalamano lwakhe noKumkani ongu-English lwalungengabinzalwanga: bajonga iNzululwazi enkulu njengeNkundla, kwaye iqinisekile ukuba ichitha imali eyongezelelweyo ukuhlawula umsebenzi we Labitsa, lonke ixesha lavakalisa ukungoneliseki kwakhe ngalo lonke ixesha. Ke ngoko, ijikelezwe yinzululwazi yayinomdla kubaphathi kunye nokuhlaselwa kwecawe.
Kodwa, nangona lilize lokuba, i-goprid iqhubekile ukuya kwisayensi oyithandayo. Ngenxa yendlela yokuphila yobomi, inzululwazi yayine-gout kunye ne-theamitism, kodwa ugqirha engazange athembele ukuba aphile ogqirha, kwaye enandipha iyeza elinye elanikelwa ngumhlobo. Ukongeza, iLeibniz yayineengxaki zombono, njengoko intanda-bulumko ebubusuku ayizange ilahlekelwe luthando lokufunda.
NgoNovemba 14, 1716, iLeibniz ayizange ibala idosi yechiza lonyango kwaye ifune ukugula. Ukufika, ukubona imeko yemathematics, yena ngokwakhe waya kwikhemesti, kodwa wayengenalo ixesha- ne-gotfriz leibniz. Emva kwebhokisi yebhokisi ye-Sage, eyazisa umhlaba ongazange wenziwe ngaphambili, ngumntu omnye kuphela - unobhala wakhe.
Izinto ezifunyenwe
- I-1673 - i-arithmometer
- 1686 - Isimboli ebalulekileyo
- 1692 - Umxholo kunye ne-quation yemvulophu yosapho lweparamitha enye
- I-1695 - Umsebenzi obonisa ukuba uninzi lwefom ngokubanzi
- I-1702-irisithi yokuthintela amaqhezu aphantsi kwinani le-sub