Ubuzima
Nukuri benshi baracyari kumwe ntebe yishuri Wibuke ko kumapaji yibitabo kuri algebra urashobora kubona izina rya leibnitsa, kandi rimwe na rimwe ifoto ye. Ariko ntabwo abantu bose bazi ko uyu muntu atazanye ikimenyetso cyikimenyetso cyimiterere gusa, ariko nanone yavumbuye mubindi bice bya siyansi. Kubwamahirwe, Leibniz ntiyabonye bikwiye kubyo akwiriye mubuzima, ariko izina rye ryabaye ridapfa, kandi inyigisho z'aya mufilozofiya zabaye ingenzi mu bihe bizaza.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Loshelm Leibniz Leibniz yavutse ku ya 21 Kamena (1 Nyakanga) yo mu 1646, mu kigo cy'ubuyobozi bw'igihugu cya Saxony yo hepfo - Hanover. Lotfried yakuriye mu muryango wa Porofeseri ukomoka muri Seribo-Luzhitsky, itari kure y'inyigisho za filozofiya: ku myaka 12, umusuku wawe mu nzu yigishije uburyo bwihariye bwo kumenya isi kandi yinjira nk'umuhigo rusange wa Imyitwarire.
Uwo mwashakanye wa gatatu, Katerina Shmukk, umukobwa wumunyamategeko wo mu rwego rwo hejuru, nubwenegihugu - Ikidage cyuzuye. Lotfried yari umwana yasomwe n'Imana: Kuva mu bwato, umuhungu yerekanye ubwenge bwe, nuko abashishisho bagerageza guteza imbere amatsiko y'umuhungu muto. Ntabwo dushidikanya ko urubyaro rwabo rwahinduka umuhanga ukomeye watanga ibintu byavumbuwe kuri iyi si.
Se w'umuhungu ufite impano yashizeho gukunda ibitabo, Leibniz yamize ku bubi, asoma amateka y'amateka ku bami bakomeye no kuniha. Kubwamahirwe, Leibniz-Sr. Yapfuye igihe umuhungu atari afite imyaka irindwi, ariko umubyeyi yagiye mu isomero rinini, ryabaye ahantu hakiri muto.
Umunsi umwe, umuhanga mu bya filozofiya kandi umuhanga yatsitaye ku nyandiko ebyiri zandikishijwe intoki, yigeze gusigara umunyeshuri. Izi ni zo mirimo y'umuhanga mu by'amateka ya kera y'Abaroma Libiya hamwe n'ububiko bw'igihe cya caliviya ya Calvia. Umwanditsi wanyuma, Leibunis umusore Leibunis yasomye nta kibazo, ariko gusobanukirwa Libiya byagaragaye ko bigoye kubona, kuko igitabo cya kera cyanditswe ukoresheje rootoric yo hejuru kandi gifite ibikoresho bya kera.
Ariko Leibniz, utamenyereye kwiyegurira, yongera gusoma imirimo ya filozofiya, kugeza asobanukiwe ishingiro ry'uko Inkoranyamagambo yanditse idakoresheje inkoranyamagambo. Nanone, umusore yize Ikidage n'Ikilatini, imbere y'iterambere ryo mu mutwe bagenzi be. Umwarimu wa Labitsa yabonye ko uyu muhero we utakurikiyeho na gahunda y'ishuri, ariko akiruka, ashyira mu nkanduku y'ingurube yo kumenya umwanditsi w'umwanditsi, akaba ari we witondera, kuba umunyeshuri w'ibyiciro bikomeye.
Kubwibyo, Umwigisha wizeraga ko yabonye ibitabo bya Libiya kure, ko ari ngombwa kwitondera kwigira umudugudu wa Leibnian no gucengeza urukundo rw'umuntu kimensky kandi Umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya Martin Luther. Ariko, n'ikoti ryiza ryibihe, umunyacyubahiro unyuranye, yumvise iki kiganiro no guswera mwarimu kuba akwiriye byose hamwe nibipimo bimwe.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, nta muntu wabuzaga Leibnitsa wuzuza imizigo y'ubumenyi, kubera ko passerby - umunyacyubahiro, uburenganzira ku babyeyi be ba Leinitsa, basabye ababyeyi be guha urufunguzo rw'isomero rya Data. Rero, umusore utihangana k'umusore yakoze ku mirimo y'abahanga ba kera ba Cicero, Platon, Seneki, Plinia.
Leibniz yize mu kigo gikomeye cyo kwigisha - ishuri rya Leipzig rya Mutagatifu Thomas. Ngaho, umusore yerekanye ubushobozi bwe bwo mumutwe. Yahise akemuye imirimo y'imibare ndetse anagaragaza ubuhanga bwubuvanganzo. Ku munsi wUbutatu, umunyeshuri wagombaga gusoma imvugo y'ibirori yari arebye, bityo iyi mirimo yashinzwe Leibitus.
Gottfried Yacunzwe ijoro ryose kugirango uhimbye akazi mu kilatini. Byongeye kandi, yashoboye kubaka igisigo mumyanya itanu, amaze kugera ku majwi yifuza. Abarimu bahanuye umuhungu, icyo gihe yari afite imyaka 1 gusa, ejo hazaza heza.
Ubukurikira, 14 (15) - Got-Nattle-mu mwaka w'imyaka myinshi yakomeje kwangwa na siyanse ya a granite ntakiri ku ishuri, ahubwo muri kaminuza ya Leipzig. Agezeyo, yakundaga filozofiya - Inyandiko za kepler na Galilaya. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, Leibniz yimuriwe muri kaminuza ya Jena, aho yatangiye kujya mumibare yimbitse.
Mu bindi, umusore yatangiye kwishora muri jurispuline, kuko yizeraga ko siyanse imana ya Femid yashira mu bundi buzima. Muri 1663 Leibniz yakiriye impamyabumenyi ihanitse, kandi nyuma y'umwaka, impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga muri filozofiya.
Inyigisho
Igisubizo cya mbere "ku ihame ryo kwihariye" rya Leibniz yanditse mu 1663. Abantu bake barabizi, ariko nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi muri kaminuza, bahaguruka bahinduka Alchemiste. Ikigaragara ni uko Leibniz yumvise iby'umuryango wa alchemiki i Nuremberg maze ahitamo gukora amayeri: asohora formulaire zidahwitse mu bitabo bya Alchemiste bizwi kandi bizana inyandiko ye ya Rosenkreyers.
Abayoboke b'inyigisho zamayobera batangajwe n'ubumenyi bwa Gotfreed kandi baramutangaza babimenyereye. Umuhanga yiyemereye ko atababazwa no kwicuza, imishinga iri imbere yagiye ku ntambwe nk'iyi kuko yabwiwe cyane no kutagira umugereka.
Mu 1667, Umusore Leibniz yatangiye kwishora mu bikorwa bya Adamu kandi agera muri filozofiya n'inyigisho za psychologiya. Birakwiye kuvuga ko iyo ikiganiro kijyanye n'amazi kiraza, noneho benshi wibuke Sigmund Ftwed, ariko ni leibniz washyize imbere imyumvire mito idafite ubwenge, mbere ya Syschoalyst imyaka magana abiri. Mu 1705, "Ubushakashatsi bushya bwerekeye gusobanukirwa kwabantu" byanditswe, kandi mumyaka itanu imirimo ya filozofiya yitwa "monadologiya" (1710).
Filozofiya yashyizeho sisitemu ye yuburyo, yizeraga ko isi yose itandukanye igizwe nibintu bimwe - monal ibaho utya, kandi na bo ni igice cyumwuka cyo kubaho. Byongeye kandi, ukurikije uko abibona, isi ntabwo ari ikintu kidafite ishingiro, kuko kimaze kuvugwa, kandi ikibazo cyukuri gisaba ibisobanuro byumvikana. Ku nyigisho, Leibnia Monad yo hejuru ni Umuremyi washyizeho icyemezo runaka cy'isi, kandi igipimo cy'ukuri cyashyigikira ibimenyetso byumvikana.
Kubona abantu bafatwaga Itangiriro nkikintu gihuza, ariko kandi yagerageje gutsinda amakosa yicyiza n'ikibi. Ibikorwa bya filozofiya ya leibnia byagize ingaruka mbi, ariko Voltainhauer, ariko Voltaire yabonaga inyigisho ze zerekeye "Yokohama cyangwa gutsindishirizwa kw'Imana" (1710), bitumvikana.
Imibare na siyanse
Kubera umwanya we muri serivisi ya Mainz Kurfürst, uburenganzira bwagombaga kujya mu Burayi. Muri aba bahuza, yahuye na giigens y'abakristu b'Abaholandi, bemeye kumwigisha imibare.
Muri 1666, yabonye aba Umwanditsi w'ibihimbano "ku buhanga bwo guhuza", kandi yanasabye kandi umushinga ku bijyanye n'imihango ya logique. Turashobora kuvuga ko Leibniz yongeye kureba inyuma, kuko uyu mubumenyi yahagaze ku nkomoko ya mudasobwa na siyanse ya mudasobwa.
Mu 1673, yazanye nimero ya desktop, ayobora amajwi yikora ya serivisi itunganijwe muri sisitemu icumi yo kubara. Igikoresho kivugwa nka aithmometero leiby (Igishushanyo cya Armiméter kiboneka muri Leonardo Da Vinci Inyandiko). Ikigaragara ni uko Leibnitsta yarakaye kuburyo abakristu be bamara umwanya munini wongeraho nimero, mugihe baboneyeho bemera ko azongeraho, akarengana - uyu yari abakozi.
Imashini ya leibness anithmometer yarenze pascal kubara. Birashimishije kubona ko kopi imwe y'ibikoresho byo kubara yaguye mu maboko ya Petero i, gutungurwa nigikoresho, yihutiye gutanga iki gitangaza umwami w'abashinwa.
Kumenya umwami, watwikiriye idirishya mu Burayi, kandi umuhanga mu Budage yabaye mu 19997, kandi iyi nama ntizashoboka. Nyuma y'ibiganiro birebire, Leibniz yakiriwe na Petero, umushahara w'amafaranga n'intangarugero ry'umujyanama w'ibanga y'ubutabera. Ariko mbere yaho, nyuma yo gutsindwa kw'ingabo z'Uburusiya ku rugamba kuri Narva, Leibniz yari agizwe na Odea Karla Xii, aho yagaragazaga ibyiringiro ko Suwede yari gukwirakwiza imbibi zayo muri Amur.
Ariko rero yemeye ko afite umunezero wo kuba inshuti y'Umwami ukomeye w'Uburusiya, kandi akemuye Leibnintwite Peter na wemeje ko hashyiraho amashyi y'ishuri ry'ubumenyi muri St. Petersburg. Kuva mu bizima kwa Gotfrida, hazwi ko mu 1708 yari afite impaka nanditseho amateka y'amategeko ya masa Isaac Newton. Leibniz yasohoye imibare yavumbuye muri sisitemu yo kubara. Ariko Newton, wamenyereye uyu mukozi wa siyansi, ashinja mugenzi we mu mahugurwa mu kwiba ibitekerezo ndetse no kwiba.
Isaka yavuze ko yaje ku bisubizo bimwe hashize imyaka 10, ariko ntiyatangaza ibikorwa bye. Leibniz ntabwo yasobanuye ko yigeze kwiga inyandiko yandikishijwe intoki ya Newton, ariko yaje ku bisubizo mu bwigenge. Byongeye kandi, Umudage wazanye ikimenyetso cyoroshye, abashinzwe imibare babikoresha kugeza na n'ubu.
Impaka zijyanye na Newton na Leibniz zakomeje kugeza 1713, ayo makimbirane yabaye ingano mu ntambara yo mu ntambara yo mu Burayi ", habaye akarere kambere". Iyi nhura yamenyekanye nk '"guswera cyane mu mateka yose y'imibare."
Kubera ingabo, abahanga babiri babeshye ishuri ryimibare yicyongereza, kandi bamwe bafungura Newton barirengagijwe kandi abaturage bamenyekana nyuma yimyaka myinshi. Usibye imibare, fiziki na psychologiya, leibniz yize ibinyabuzima, (Umuhanga yashyize ahagaragara igitekerezo cya sisitemu kama nk'ubunyangamugayo), kandi nanone yashoboye no mu Misiri na Surispricence.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Leibnic akunze kwita ibitekerezo byuzuye byubumuntu, ariko yabonye ibitekerezo, byuzuye ibitekerezo, ntabwo buri gihe byazanye imirimo yatangiye kugeza imperuka. Biragoye guca imanza za siyanse, kubera ko abo mu gihe cye byasobanuye ifoto yumuhanga muburyo butandukanye. Bamwe bavuze ko yari umuntu urambiranye kandi udashimishije, abandi bahawe ibintu byiza.
Kubona, akurikiza filozofiya ye bwite, yari afite ibyiringiro n'umuntu, ndetse no mu gihe cy'amakimbirane na Isaac Newton ntacyo yavuze ku banyamuryango babi. Ariko Leibniz yari afite ubwoba bwinshi kandi arakomereka, ariko yahise asohora kandi anaseka, kabone niyo yaba ari amarangamutima adashira. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, umuhanga yari afite impano, we ubwe yamenye: Rimwe na rimwe imibare yari intangarugero kandi koreressolobiv.
Leibniz yambaye neza kandi yambara igituba cy'umukara, kuko yategetse cyane imyambarire y'icyo gihe. Mu ifunguro, umuhanga ntabwo yari atoranya, kandi divayi iranywa gake, akenshi muminsi mikuru. Ariko no muri ibi binyonyo byaka kuva ku nzabibu, isukari ivanze, kuko yasengaga.
Naho umubano wa Amolsol, hari amakuru make yerekeye ibitabo byabonye, kandi bamwe mu binyabuzima bizeye ko mu buzima bwa siyansi ari kumwe - siyanse. Ariko yatangiye ubucuti bususutse hamwe numwamikazi wa Prussian Sofiya Charnorte Hannover, ariko, ubwo busabane ntabwo bwarenze urwego rwa Platonike. Mu 1705, Sofiya arapfa, Leibniz ntiyashoboraga kwemera ubuzima bwe bwose n'ibyo byabaye, nyuma y'urupfu rw'umukunzi we umukunzwe, ntiyasanze abadamu be, bari kubona ku mutima.
Urupfu
Imyaka ya nyuma y'ubuzima, Leibnitsa yari ahangayitse, kubera ko umubano we n'umwami w'abibumbye uriho utarishyuwe: Bareba umuhanga ukomeye nk'urukiko amateka yo kwishyura kugirango yishyure akazi ka Labitsa, igihe cyose yagaragaje ko atabimenyekana igihe cyose. Kubwibyo, ukikijwe numuhanga wari ufite inyungu zurukiko no kwibasira itorero.
Ariko, nubwo ari ubusa ko kuba, Gettrid yakomeje kwishora mubumenyi bukundwa. Kubera imibereho yegeranye, umuhanga yari afite godentary na rheumatism, ariko umunyabwenge ntabwo yizeye ubuzima bwe kubaganga, kandi yishimira imiti imwe gusa yatanzwe ninshuti. Byongeye kandi, leibniz yagize ibibazo iyerekwa, nkuko filozofiya mubusaza ntabwo yatakaje urukundo cyo gusoma.
Ku ya 14 Ugushyingo, 1716, Leibniz ntabwo yabaze igipimo cyibiyobyabwenge no kumva indwara. Amaze kuhagera, abona imibare, we ubwe yagiye muri farumasi, ariko nta mwanya yari afite - Leibriz Leibniz arapfa. Inyuma yisanduku ya sage, watanze isi ivuga itigeze ibaho, umuntu umwe gusa ni we yagiye - umunyamabanga we.
Ubuvumbuzi
- 1673 - ArithMometero
- 1686 - Ikimenyetso cyo kumera
- 1692 - Igitekerezo no Kuringaniza Ibahasha Yumuryango umwe wa Parameter Umuryango
- 1695 - Imikorere Yerekana muburyo rusange
- 1702 - Inyemezabwishyu yo kubora uduce dushyize mu gaciro kumafaranga yoroshye