I-Biograge
UDaniel Ivanovich Harms uyimbongi enethalente, ilungu lenhlangano yokudala "Ofiya", kodwa okokuqala okulimazayo kuhlotshaniswa nabafundi njengoMlobi wezincwadi zezingane. Wethule izinkondlo zamantombazane nabafana, okuthi, okuthi, esedlule iminyaka eminingi, wangafi. Le misebenzi ifaka "ikati elimangalisayo", "lit", le ndaba embi kakhulu "," Okokuqala nokwesibili, "" indoda "," isalukazi "yaphuma endlini, njll.Ubuntwana nentsha
UDaniel Ivanovich Yuvachev wazalwa ngo-17 (30) Disemba 1905 enhlokodolobha yamasiko eRussia - idolobha laseSt. Petersburg. Umfana wakhula wakhuphuka emndenini ohlakaniphile futhi ocebile. Uyise u-Ivan Pavlovich uphinde washiya umkhondo emlandweni: ekuqaleni wazibeka njengenguquko eyisiFulentshi, futhi wagwema isigwebo sentambo ngokuyisimangaliso, washintsha amehlo akhe empilweni futhi waba ngumlobi ongokomoya.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngesikhathi sohambo oluya eShalin, lapho ahlala khona eKaterga eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, uBabayeli alimaza u-Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, owenza i-yuvachev ye-prototype yomsebenzi wakhe "Indaba yomuntu ongaziwa" (1893 ). Isixhumanisi sasiza ukususa i-yuvachev kusuka ekungabizekisweni okungelona nonyaka, futhi, sesisindile kukho konke ukuncishiswa kwekusasa, ngo-1899, u-Ivan Pavlovich wabuyela eSt. Petersburg, lapho asebenze khona lapho ekhona Ihhovisi lombhalo futhi lahlanganyela emisebenzini ebhaliwe.
I-Yuvachev-senider yathukela hhayi nge-Czech kuphela, kodwa futhi yayihlanganisa nokuxhumana okunobungane nokuzithandela nobukhulu. Ngo-1902, u-Ivan Pavlovich wenza isiphakamiso sezandla nezinhliziyo zethemba le-Ivanovna kolyubakina, elalivela emndenini omuhle, esifundazweni saseSaratov. Uhlanganise indawo yokukhosela futhi wazwa njengomduduzi wabesifazane ababethunjiwe. Futhi uma uNadezhda Ivanovna ekhuphule izingane zakhe othandweni, u-Ivan Pavlovich onamathele emithethweni eqinile maqondana nokuziphatha kwenzalo. Ngaphezu kukaDaniel, abashadikazi babenendodakazi ka-Elizabeth, kwathi ezinye izingane ezimbili zafa zisencane.
Lapho okusanhlamvu kokuqala kwenguquko kwenzeka endaweni yoMbuso WaseRussia, imbongi yesikhathi esizayo yafunda e-Die Realschule ilungelo lesikole saseJalimane, esasiyingxenye ye-petrishal (eyayiyingxenye ye-petrishal (iSikhungo sokuqala semfundo, eyasungulwa eSt. Petersburg ngo-1702). Umnakekeli ophambili endlini waba nomthelela omuhle eNdodaneni: Ngibonga kakhulu kuYise, uDaniel waqala ukutadisha izilimi zakwamanye amazwe (isiNgisi nesiJalimane), futhi nezindawo nezincwadi zesayensi.
Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, indodana ka-Ivan Pavlovich yafunda kahle, kepha umfana omncane, njengazo zonke izingane, ukugwema ukujeziswa kothisha, ngesinye isikhathi uDaniel wadlala imidwebo yokwenza, yenza intandane. Ngemuva kokuthola isitifiketi sokuvuthwa, le nsizwa yakhetha indlela ebekiwe yangena esikoleni se-Leningrad Energy Technical School. Kodwa-ke, ebhentshini lalesi sikhungo semfundo, izilima zahlala isikhathi eside: Umfundi onodaka akazange akhathazele ukuthola idiploma ngenxa yokuthi wayevame ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini yomphakathi futhi akazange ahlanganyele emisebenzini yomphakathi futhi akazange ahlanganyele emisebenzini yomphakathi futhi akazange ahlanganyele emisebenzini yomphakathi futhi akazange ahlanganyele emisebenzini yomphakathi futhi azange ahlanganyele emisebenzini yomphakathi.
Izinkondlo
Ngemuva kokuthi uDaniel Yuvachev waxoshwa esikoleni se-Leningrad Technical School, waqala ukuzibandakanya emisebenzini ebhaliwe. Noma kunjalo, kufanelekile ukuthi uthando lomsebenzi wakhe seluvele eminyakeni yakhe yokuqala: Ukuba yinganekwane yesikole, waqamba inganekwane ethokozisayo, eyayifundwa udadewabo oneminyaka emine uNatalia, ukufa kokuqala kwawo kwaba ukwethuka kwembongi yesikhathi esizayo.
UDaniel Ivanovich wayengafuni ukuzibona eyisibonelo futhi wakhetha indatshana yakhe yezinkondlo. Kepha izithukuthuku zokuqala zokudala zembongi ye-novice zazifana nokugeleza okungahleliwe, futhi uyise wensizwa akazange ahlanganyele umsekeli wendodana, ngoba wayengumsekeli wezincwadi eziqinile nezingqayizivele ebusweni bukaLeo Tolstoy futhi UMikhail Lermontov.
Ngo-1921-1922, uDaniel Yuvachev uba nguDaniel Hams. By the way, abanye ababhali basaqhubeka belwa nemisebe yemfihlakalo, eyamboza i-pseudom yangempela eyabelwe umbhali odumile wenkondlo yezingane emhlabeni. Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, indodana ka-Ivan Pavlovich yachaza umngani ukuthi isidlaliso sakhe sivela egameni lesiNgisi elithi "ukulimaza", okusho ukuthi "ukulimala" okuhunyushelwe olimini lwesiRussia. Kodwa-ke, yisiphakamiso sokuthi igama elithi "ukulimaza" livela kuFrench "Charse" - "Charm, Charm."
Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi igama lesidlaliso likaDaniel liphefumulelwe umlingiswa wakhe owayeyimlingiswa abawuthandayo abaseSherlock Holmes abavela ezincwadini zikaSir Arthur Conan Doyle. Futhi evame ukusho ukuthi imbongi isayinwe ngepasipoti enepensela eliseduze negama langempela ngokulimala kwe-dash, bese ubheka yonke i-pseudonym yakhe. Isibalo esinethalente seleli sikholwe ukuthi igama lesidlaliso eliqhubekayo liletha usizi, ngakho-ke i-pseudonyms evela kuDaniel Ivanovich yayishintshe kakhulu njengamagilavu: Hharms, ama-harmam, uDaniel Shabam, njll.
Ngo-1924-1926, uDaniel Ivanovich uqala i-biography yakhe yokudala. Le nsizwa ayikhombisi kuphela izinkondlo, kodwa futhi isho imisebenzi yabanye abantu ngezinkulumo phambi komphakathi. Futhi ngo-1926, ukulimala kungena ezinhlwini ze-All-Russian Union of Poets, kepha umlobi wawukhishwa ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu ngemuva kokukhokhelwa kwezimali zobulungu. Ngaleso sikhathi, imbongi yaphefumulelwa yimisebenzi kaVelimira KHLEBNIOV noKazimir Malevich.
Ngo-1927, umphakathi omusha wemibhalo ovela eLeningrad, obizwa ngokuthi "ukubonwa" ("inhlangano yobuciko bangempela"). NjengeMayakovsky, amaMayakovsky nabanye futurists anxuswe ukuthi ahlele kabusha kusuka ku-termeevsky ne-pushkin, "i-chinari" yenqabile izindlela zoqobo zobuciko, ukukhuthaza izindlela zoqobo zangempela, i-groteque kanye nezinkondlo zangempela.
Abagcini ngokufunda izinkondlo kuphela, kodwa futhi bahlela nokudansa kusihlwa labo abeza abafika kubo. Ngaphezu kokulimala, u-Alexander Vvessensky, uNikolai Zabolotsky, igor bakhtheavy nezinye izibalo zemibhalo ezazikhona kulo mbiko. Ekupheleni kuka-1927, ngenxa yeMashak, u-Oleikov noZhitkov, uDaniel Hars nozakwabo baqala ukubhala izinkondlo zezingane.
I-Daniel Ivanovich's Works ingabonakala ezinhlakeni ezidumile "I-Hedgehog", "Chizh" kanye "neCricket". Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Yuvachev, ngaphezu kwezinkondlo, enyatheliswa kanye nezindaba, ama-caricature apendiwe kanye namaphazili, axazulule zombili lezi zingane nabazali bazo.
Ukungasho ukuthi ubunjalo bezifundo ezinjalo baletha injabulo engakaze ibonwe: UDaniel Ivanovich akathandwa izingane, kepha izincwadi zezingane zazingezenzelwe umlobi onekhono okuwukuphela komthombo weholo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uYuvachev wasondela emsebenzini wakhe kahle futhi wazama ukucophelela ukuze asebenze ngokuphelele wonke umsebenzi, ngokungafani nomngane wakhe owethulwayo, owayekade efuna imisebenzi yakhe, ethandile imisebenzi yakhe ngokungazethembi.
UHamsu wakwazi ukuthola ukuthandwa phakathi kwabafana namantombazane amancane, omama nobaba, ogogo nomkhulu, ababengafuni ukunambitha i-pinegreet eLuka namazambane, mayelana nendoda endala eyayihlekisayo eyayisaba yezicabucabu.
Ngokumangazayo, ngisho noMlobi wemisebenzi engenabungozi kubafana bashushiswa yiziphathimandla ezabheka eminye imisebenzi yeYuvachev. Ngakho-ke, incwadi ebinjisiwe ethi "i-Cork enenkani" ayizange idlulisele ukucwaninga futhi "yayingaphansi kwekhethini" iminyaka eyishumi, kusukela ngo-1951 kuya ku-1961. Kwafika lapho ngo-December 1931, okulimazayo kanye nabalingani bakhe baboshwa ngenxa yokukhuthaza izincwadi zokulwa neSoviet: UDaniel Ivanovich noVverensky bathumela kuKursk.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Akumangalisi emifanekisweni eminingi, uDaniel Ivanovich wathunjwa ngeshubhu likagwayi, ngoba empini yakhe imbongi ephilayo imbongi cishe ayizange imkhiqize emlonyeni wayo futhi kwesinye isikhathi ibhema ngqo lapho. Abantu besikhathi besikhathi esenziwa nguYuvachev bagqoke ngendlela emangazayo. Izilonge azizange zinikeze amajubane amabhulothi wemfashini, futhi wayala izingubo emsileni.
Ngakho-ke, umlobi kwakuwukuphela komuntu edolobheni elaligqoka amabhulukwe amafushane, lapho kubonakala khona igalofu noma i-leggings. Kepha imikhuba yakhe eccentric (ngokwesibonelo, izilonge kwesinye isikhathi zazimi ngewindi kulokho umama abeletha) akazange aphazamise nabanye ukubona umusa wakhe wengqondo. Futhi, imbongi ayikaze iphakamise izwi, yayingumuntu ofanele futhi onenhlonipho.
"Ngokusobala, izingane ngalezi zithombe zayo kwakukhona okuthile okuthakazelisa kakhulu, futhi bagijima ngemuva kwakhe. Babethanda kabi ukuthi wayegqoke kanjani njengoba ehamba, njengoba kungazelelwe kuyema. Kepha babenonya - baphonsa ngamatshe kukho. Akazange anake noma yikuphi ukuzola ama-antics awo, ayezolile ngokuphelele. Wahamba wahamba. Futhi imibono yabantu abadala nayo ayizange iphendule nganoma iyiphi indlela, "kukhumbula uMarina.Kepha ubudlelwane bothando, u-Esther Rusakova waba yinhloko yokuqala kaDaniyeli Inanovich. Kulimazele ekusithaneni kwakhe isibalo sezinkondlo, kepha uthando lwabo aluzange lubekwe emafutheni: Ngokuka-Yuvachev luye ngakwesobunxele, kanti uRusakov washisa umhawu, njengoba uVusakov washisa amarekhodi kwidayari, njengoba efakazelwa amarekhodi kwidayari yembongi. Ngo-1932, abashadikazi bakhipha isehlukaniso esisemthethweni.
Ehlobo lika-1934, izilonge zenza isiphakamiso sesandla nezinhliziyo zikaMarina Malich, futhi intombazane yaphendula yavuma. Abathandi babehlala ngesandla kuze kube sekupheleni kokuboshwa kukaYuvachev, okwenzeka ngo-1941.
Ukushona
Ngo-Agasti 1941, uDaniel Ivanovich, uphinde waqhuma umthetho, waboshwa ngenxa yokusabalala kwemizwa engavumelani: umlobi kuthiwa wathi i-USSR izolahlekelwa yimpi (amagama, ngokusho kwabaphenyi, abhalwa kabusha kusukela phansi).
Ukugwema isigwebo sentambo, ukulimala sengathi kugula ngokomqondo, ngakho-ke kwachazwa emtholampilo wezengqondo, lapho afela khona ngoFebhuwari 2, 1942. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-18, udadewabo wakwazi ukubuyisela igama elihle lomfowethu, elalivuselelwa yihhovisi lomshushisi jikelele.
I-Bibliography
- 1928 - "Okokuqala nokwesibili"
- Ngo-1928 - "Ukuthi i-pankin yandile kanjani eBrazil, futhi uPetka Ershov akazange akholwe lutho"
- Ngo-1928 - "U-Ivan Ivanovich Samovar"
- Ngo-1929 - "Ukuthi isalukazi sithenge kanjani uyinki"
- Ngo-1930 - "Ubaba wangifihla kanjani iferret"
- 1937 - "Amakati"
- 1937 - "Izindaba Ezithombeni"
- Ngo-1937 - "Olchi nePluhi" (ukuhunyushwa komsebenzi kaWilhelm Bush)
- 1940 - "Fox noHare"
- Ngo-1944 - "Ikati elimangalisayo"