Daniel Harms - Biography, Zithunzi, Moyo Wanu, Mabuku, ndakatulo

Chiphunzitso

Daniel Ivanovich Harms ndi wolemba ndakatulo, membala wa mayanjano "onenepa", koma koyamba mwa zovuta zonse zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi owerenga monga wolemba mabuku a ana. Anaperekanso atsikana ndi ndakatulo za anyamata ndi nkhani, zomwe zidatha zaka zambiri, zinakhala zosafa. Ntchito izi zimaphatikizapo "mphaka wodabwitsa", "woyaka", "woyamba", woyamba, "" bambo "," mkazi wokalamba "adatuluka mnyumbamo, etc.

Ubwana ndi Unyamata

Daniel Ivanovich Yuvachev adabadwa 17 (30) Disembala 1905 mu likulu lachikhalidwe ku Russia - mzinda wa St. Petersburg. Mnyamatayo adakula ndikukwera banja lanzeru komanso lolemera. Atate wake ku Ivan Pavlovich adasiyanso m'mbiri: Poyamba poyamba adadzitsutsa, ndipo mozizwitsa adadziletsa chifukwa chophedwa, adasinthiratu kuti akhale ndi moyo ndipo adakhala wolemba uzimu.

Amadziwika kuti paulendo wopita ku Sakwelin, komwe bambo wa Daniel Harm, yemwe adapanga Yuvov Chekhovich Chekhovich Chekhovich, yemwe adapanga yuvachev's ). Ulalo womwe udawathandiza kuti achotse yuvachev kuchokera kwa osaganizira, ndipo, atapulumuka chilichonse, mu 1899, Ivan Pavlovich adabwereranso ku St. ofesi yolemba ndipo idachitika m'mbuyomu.

Yuvachev-akuluakulu amalankhula osati ndi Czech okha, komanso anali ndi makalata ochezeka mogwirizana komanso ndi wandiweyani. Mu 1902, Ivan Pavlovich adapanga lingaliro la manja ndi mitima ya chiyembekezo cha Ivanovna Kolyubakina, omwe adachokera ku banja labwino, lolungamitsidwa mu chigawo cha Saratov. Adagwirizana ndi pobisalira ndikumva ngati wotonthoza azimayi omwe anali ku ukapolo. Ndipo ngati Nangezhda Ivanovna adalera ana ake mwachikondi, Ivan Pavlovich adatsatira malamulo okhwima okhudzana ndi ana. Kuphatikiza pa Danieli, okwatirana nawo anali ndi mwana wamkazi wa Elizabeti, ndipo ana ena awiri adamwalira ali aang'ono.

Pamene mbewu yoyamba yosinthira idachitika gawo la ufumu wa Russia, ndakatulo zam'tsogolo zophunzirira za Dienschuile, zomwe zinali za Peterrishal (okhazikitsidwa ku St. Petersburg mu 1702). Mwana wamwamuna, chifukwa cha bambowo, a Danieli anayamba kuphunzira zilankhulo zakunja (Chingerezi ndi Chijeremani), komanso amakondanso mabuku sayansi.

Malinga ndi mphekesera, mwana wa Ivan Pavlovich adaphunzira bwino, koma mwana wamng'onoyo, komabe , monga ana, ankakonda kulanga kwa aphunzitsi, nthawi zina amasewera zojambulajambula, amadanamizira amasiye. Mukalandira satifiketi yokhwima, mnyamatayo adasankha njira yokhazikika ndikulowa Sukulu ya Eningrad Epill Sukuluyi. Komabe, pa benchi la maphunziro a maphunzirowa, azowawa adakhala kwa nthawi yayitali: Wophunzira wosasamala sanadandale kulandira dipuloma chifukwa choti nthawi zambiri ankagwira ntchito yogwira ntchito pagulu.

Ndakatulo

Pambuyo pa Daniel Yuvachev adachotsedwa mu sukulu ya leinterad yaukadaulo, adayamba kuchita nawo zolembedwa. Ngakhale, ndikofunikira kunena kuti chikondi cha ntchito yake chikuwonekera kwa zaka zake zoyambirira: kukhala nthano yaukadaulo, yomwe idawerengedwa ndi mlongo wake wazaka zinayi Natalia, kumwalira koyambirira komwe kudakhala a kugwedezeka kwa ndakatulo yamtsogolo.

Daniel Ivanovich sanafune kudziona ngati wotsutsa ndikusankha nkhani yake ya ndakatulo. Koma thukuta loyamba la wolemba ndakatulo wa Novice linafanana ndi lingaliro la mwana wamwamuna, ndipo bambo wachichepere sanachite zambiri za mawu omwewa, popeza anali wothandiza mabuku achangu komanso ochita bwino pamaso pa Leo Tolstoy ndipo Mikhail lermontov.

Mu 1921-1922, a Daniel Yuvachev amakhala odana ndi Daniel. Mwa njira, olemba ena amamenyerabe mipata ya chinsinsi, yomwe idaphimba pseuud yopanga ndi yotchuka padziko lonse lapansi ya ndakatulo ya ana. Malinga ndi mphekesera, mwana wa Ivan Pavlovich adafotokozera mnzake kuti dzina lake loti dzina la Chingerezi "kuvulaza" kutanthauza "kuvulaza" ku Russia. Komabe, ndi lingaliro kuti mawu oti "harm" amapezeka kuchokera ku French "chalme" - "chithumwa, chithumwa."

Ena amakhulupirira kuti dzina la Danieli linauziridwa ndi mawonekedwe ake omwe amakonda kwambiri ku Holmes kuchokera m'mabuku a Sir Arthur Conan Dolean. Ankakonda kunena kuti wolemba ndakatulo adasayina pasipoti ndi pensulo pafupi ndi dzina lenileni kudzera pa harms, kenako ndikuyang'ana pa mawu ake onse. Ndondomeko yaluso yaukadaulo imakhulupirira kuti munthu wina yemwe mosalekeza dzina lake amamva chisoni, choncho ma pseudonyms ochokera ku Daniel Ivanovich anali ndi zosintha zambiri: Hharms, Dandael Shadam, ndi zina zambiri.

Mu 1924-19226, Daniel Ivanovich amayamba mbiri yake yolenga. Mnyamatayo samangopanga ndakatulo zokha, komanso aperekanso ntchito za anthu ena pamawu pamaso pa anthu. Komanso mu 1926, kuvulaza kumalowa m'magulu a Conser Union of Russia, koma wolemba sanatchulidwe zaka zitatu atalipira ndalama zolipirira mamembala. Panthawiyo, wolemba ndakatulo adadzozedwa ndi ntchito za velira Khlebnikov ndi Kazimir Asharich.

Mu 1927, gulu latsopanoli latsopano limapezeka ku Leingrad, lomwe limatchedwa kuti "zosonyeza" Zaluso zenizeni "). Monga momwe Mayakovsky, manakovsky okhala ndi zopanda pake amalimbikitsa kuti akhazikitsenso ma dostoevsky ndi Pushkin, "chindari" adakana njira zopangira zojambulajambula, zofananira ndi ndakatulo za osapusa.

Samangowerenga ndakatulo okha, komanso anakonzanso mausiku omwe omwe adabwera omwe adakumana nawo. Kuphatikiza pa kuvulaza, Alexander Vvensnsy, Nikolai Zabotsky, igor Bakhiraev ndi ziwerengero zina zomwe zinali pazinthuzi. Kumapeto kwa 1927, zikomo kwa Marshak, Oleinikov ndi Zhitkov, Daniel Harrs ndi anzawo adayamba kulemba ndakatulo kwa ana.

Ntchito za Daniel Ivanovich zitha kuwoneka m'makonzedwe otchuka "hedgehog", "Chizh" ndi "krigini". Kuphatikiza apo, yuvachev, kuwonjezera pa ndakatulo, kufalitsa ndi nkhani, zojambulidwa ndi zithunzi, zomwe zimathetsa ana onse awiri ndi makolo awo.

Osati kunena kuti mtundu wotere wa makalasi unabweretsa chisangalalo chosaneneka kwambiri: Daniel Ivanovich Sanakonde ana aluso, koma mabuku a ana anali aluso la alente laluso. Kuphatikiza apo, yuvachev adakumana ndi ntchito yake bwino ndikuyesa kugwira ntchito molunjika ntchito iliyonse, mosiyana ndi bwenzi lake la zoyambitsidwa, zomwe, malinga ndi ofufuza ena, okondedwa ku Chelri ndikuwagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri.

Hasu adakwanitsa kutchuka pakati pa anyamata ndi atsikana ndi abambo, agogo, owerenga ndakatulo, omwe sanafune kulawa kwa Luka ndi mbatata, za bambo wachikulire woseketsa yemwe amawopa wa akangaude.

Modabwitsa, ngakhale woyambitsa ntchito zopanda vuto kwa anyamatawo adazunzidwa ndi aboma omwe adaganizira za yuvachev zosakonda. Chifukwa chake, buku loonekera "la colt" lomwe silinadutse wowerengera ndipo "anali" pansi pa nsalu ya zaka khumi, kuyambira 1951 mpaka 1961. Zinafika poti mu Disembala 1931, azovuta ndi anzawo anamangidwa chifukwa chokweza mabuku o Anti-Soviet: Daniel Ivanovich ndi Vveensy adatumizidwa ku Kirsk.

Moyo Wanu

Ndiye chifukwa chake Daniel Ivanovich anagwidwa ndi chubu cha fodya, chifukwa m'moyo wake wolemba ndakatulo yemwe sanamutulutse mkamwa ndipo nthawi zina amasuta. Anthu a m'masiku ena ankanena kuti yuvachev anavala modabwitsa. Zowawa sizinasunthike mafashoni, ndipo adayitanitsa zovala pamlandu.

Chifukwa chake, wolembayo anali yekhayo mumzinda womwe amavala mathalauza afupiafupi, omwe amapezeka gofu kapena ma leggings amawoneka. Koma zizolowezi zake zachilengedwe (mwachitsanzo, zomwe zimachititsidwa nthawi zina zimayimilira pazenera zomwe amayi adabereka) sizinasokonezeke ndi ena kuona kukoma mtima kwake. Komanso, ndakatuloyo sanadzutsenso mawuwo, inali munthu wolondola komanso waulemu.

"Zikuoneka kuti ana omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ake anali chinthu chosangalatsa kwambiri, ndipo adathamanga kumbuyo kwake. Anawakonda kwambiri momwe anavalira pamene amavala, momwe amasiya modzidzimutsa. Koma iwo anali ankhalfe_ iwo amaponyera miyala mu izo. Sanatengere chidwi chilichonse pa antics awo, anali odekha. Adayenda ndikuyenda. Ndipo malingaliro a akuluakulu sanayankhepo mwanjira iliyonse, "Marina anakumbukira.

Ponena za maubwenzi, Eta Msisi winawake Rusakova adakhala wamkulu wa Danieli Ivanovich. Zovuta zokhudzana ndi malingaliro ake kuchuluka kwa ndakatulo, koma chikondi chawo sichinali chopanda mitambo: monga mpheta, Yuvathev adapita kumanzere, ndipo Rusakov adawombera nsanje, monga umboni wa zolemba ndakatulo. Mu 1932, okwatirana adathetsa banja lawo.

M'chilimwe cha 1934, ku Harms adapanga lingaliro la dzanja ndi mitima ya Marina Malich, ndipo mtsikanayo adayankha kuti akhulupirire. Okonda amakhala ndi manja mpaka kumangidwa kwa Yuvachev, komwe kunachitika mu 1941.

Imfa

Mu Ogasiti 1941, Daniel Ivanovich, akufaniziranso lamulo, adamangidwa chifukwa chofala chofala: "

Pofuna kupewa imfa ya kuphedwa, kuvulaza kunamizira kukhala odwala m'maganizo, chifukwa chake kufotokozedwa kuchipatala cha amisala, komwe anamwalira pa February 2, 1942. Patatha zaka 18, mlongo wake adakwanitsa kubwezeretsa dzina labwino la m'baleyo, zomwe zidakonzedwa ndi ofesi yayikulu ya woimira wamkulu.

M'bali

• 1928 - "Choyamba ndi Chachiwiri"
• 1928 - "Pauni tonlin adanyamuka kupita ku Brazil, ndipo Petka Erhov sanakhulupirire chilichonse"
• 1928 - "Ivan Ivanovich Samovar"
• 1929 - "Mkazi Wokalamba adagula Inki"
• 1930 - "Momwe Abambo adandigwedeza ine
• 1937 - "amphaka"
• 1937 - "Nkhani Zithunzi"
• 1937 - "olch ndi Pushi" (kumasulira kwa ntchito ya Wilhelm Bush)
• 1940 - "nkhandwe ndi hare"
• 1944 - "Mphaka Wodabwitsa"