I-Biograge
Ababhali ababili abahlekisayo, kubabhali ababambisene nabo ababhala amanoveli abathengisa kakhulu "izihlalo eziyishumi nambili" kanye "nethole legolide", kunzima ukwehlukanisa njengamawele e-siamese. U-Ilf noPetrov, ishumi leminyaka esibenzile ndawonye, ngisho nokuxolisa okubhaliwe ukuze ama-connoisseurs okubulungiswa kwawo awahlukaniswanga, i-Peru evela kubo ingekhanda lendaba "I-One-Itemmeri Melika".
Kepha ababhali ngakunye - impilo yabo. Kodwa-ke, kuma-biografikhi wezithombe ezimbili kunesinye futhi: Kokubili okugqamile, kepha izimpilo ezimfishane zaziphila, lapho indlala, impi, ukunikezela ubungani, inkazimulo, ukushushiswa nokufa kabuhlungu.
Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Ilya Arnoldovich Ilf ungumuntu oqanjwe ubuhlakani bomunye wabazali "benkohliso ebukekayo ye-OSTA bender. Igama elikhona lomlobi nguJehiyeli-Liebe Arievich Phyzilberg. Wazalwa ePearl Owamnyama Solwandle - Odessa - ekwindla ka-1897.
UJehieli-Life - owesithathu wezindlalifa zabo ezine zika-Arie no-Mindl Finzilberg. Inhloko yomndeni, inceku enesizotha yebhange lokuthenga laseSiberia, liphupha ngokunikeza amadodana emfundweni ehloniphekile. Ucwaningo oluphezulu lukaSawule lwabona i-accountant, kepha ngemuva kokufunda esikoleni sezentengiselwano, uSandro FAZI wabizwa futhi waba ngumculi - i-cubist (kamuva yathuthela eFrance, yafa e-Auschwitz).
Indodana yesibili - uMoish Aron - ethweswe iziqu esikoleni ngokuhlonishwa, kepha iphindaphinda isipiliyoni somfowabo futhi yasayina e-ART, ukusayina i-canvas nge-pseudonym onobuhlakani be-pseudonym mi-fa.
Isipiliyoni sasegalofu futhi imali esetshenziswe ngendlela eyize yaphakamisa ukuthi i-Aria ingatshali imali ekongeni ekuqeqesheni indodana yesithathu esikoleni esibizayo. UJoehiel-Liebe waba ngumfundi weSikole Sezandla, lapho kwakungekho "omkhulu" (ngokusho kwe-arie yakudala), njengokudweba. Ubaba ubengazi ukuthi isifundo besifihlwe ngaphansi kwedeskithophu yencwadi kaReddiard Kaplid, uRobert Stevenson no-Anton Chekhov, abafunda ngasese.
Le nsizwa eneminyaka engu-16 ubudala yamthola imfundo futhi yamjabulisa uBaba: yadlula ngendlela ukusuka eTokary iye engqondweni yomhlangano we-puptet, kwathi ngo-1919 yahlala phansi imibiko yokubalwa kwezimali eMnyangweni Wezezimali owenziwe obomvu. Ibutho. Kamuva, okuhlangenwe nakho kokusebenzisa i-Ilya Ilf kusetshenziswa, kuchaze imicimbi eHercules Hhovisiswa "Kuhlanzekile Golide".
Amaphupho kababa we-crystal ashaqe lapho uJehiyeli, oneminyaka engu-23 ubudala ephonsa insizakalo ngokumemezela ukujoyina i-Odessa "Iqembu Lezimbongi". Manje inzalo yesithathu yabizwa nge-Ilya Ilf, ixhumanisa izinhlamvu zokuqala zegama elinzima "elidala" ngamagama we-pseudonym.
Sigijima kuze kube phakade, ake sithi iNdodana yesine ivumela amathemba kayise: Ukushiya isibongo sakhe sendabuko, kwaba yi-topograph. Enjabulweni ka-Arie, ubuciko bebungenandaba noBenjamini. Ngo-1919, kwamenyezelwa ukuhlanganisa. U-Ilya Ilf usufikile eqenjini lesizwe ngenoveli anatol france ngaphansi kwengalo. Mayelana nezempi ezedlule, umlobi watshela okuthi wayedangele, kodwa ivolumu:
"Bengazi ukwesaba ukufa, kepha buthule, ngesaba buthule futhi angizange ngicele usizo. Ngiyazikhumbula ngilele ukolweni. Ilanga lihlanganiswe ngemuva kwekhanda, bekungenakwenzeka ukuguqula ikhanda lakhe ukuba lingaboni ukuthi sesabani. "Ngemuva kwempi, umlobi wesikhathi esizayo wabuyela e-Odessa, wenza izinyathelo zokuqala zobuntatheli futhi waba yilungu lenyunyana lezinkondlo.
Into yokufunda
Ngo-1923, ikusasa "likababa" lomhlanganisi ogqamile lithuthela eMoscow: e-Odessa, impilo yezemibhalo yagcina yebiwe. UValentin Kathaev wasiza ngomsebenzi wokuqala: waba ngumlobi ovelele, wahlela ozakwabo emphakathini we-Odessa wenkondlo ephephandabeni "ubuhlalu".
U-Ilya Ilf wathathwa yibhasi kunoma ngubani ongafundwa yi-4th band, ephathiswe ukucutshungulwa kwezincwadi zenceku. Emavikini okuqala omsebenzi, isikhulu esingokomthetho saphenduka umucu saye ethandwa kakhulu, sigcwele amaCaustic Feuilloon ngosuku olubi. Ngaphansi kwamanothi wesendebe, waphenduka waba yi-Felituetones, kwakukhona amasiginesha ababhali, kepha acutshungulwa yi-ILF, aqashelwa khona manjalo ngokuqaqanjelwa kanye ne-sarcam emincane.
Ukusebenza ephephandabeni kwaletha umfazi wesikhathi esizayo no-Isaac Babel, uMikhail Bulgakov kanye no-yury Olesey. Ngokushesha, uMfoweth 'uKataeva wabonakala "eBep" - u-Eugene. Wathatha i-pseudovty pserov yokudala, engafuni ukuheha ukunakwa okuhlobene. Ngakho-ke eMoscow, ababhali bezembatho abazalwa e-Odessa bahlangana. Sebenza ndawonye kwaqala ngo-1927.
Ngo-1928, u-Ilf waxoshwa esuka esimweni soMbuso. Wayesehambile nePetrov. Izintatheli zivimbela "iChudak" yamasonto onke ehlekisayo, lapho u-Ilya Ilfie ehola khona uMnyango wokubuyekezwa kwabhalweni. Ababhali bezenzele ukubuyekezwa okuhlangene kwi-FIM COLIMS kanye nemisebenzi yeshashalazi, ukubeka i-pseudonym evamile yokudala "uDon Buzilio". Elinye i-Ilf ye-Pseudonym nePetrov - F. Tolstoevsky.
Inoveli "Izihlalo eziyi-12 izihlalo" zaqala ukubhala ngo-1927. Iphuzu lokuqala kwakuwumqondo kaValentina Katava, owanikela ngo-Ilfu kanti noPetrov omncane ukuba asebenze kuye "ngezigqila zemibhalo." Umama waphonsa ababhali uhlaka lwe-adventure, enikela ngokucabanga ngentuthuko yemicimbi ezungeze "izitofu zamagugu".
I-Ilya Ilf nomlobi omncane wathakazelisa kangaka ngokubhalwa komlando we-adventurous, owaphenduka inoveli, eyenqabile ukunikeza ukuthuthukiswa kweKataev. Ufunda okubhaliwe, adunyiswa futhi anikezwa ukuphrinta. URoman wabona ukukhanya ngo-1928 kwaletha ababhali benkazimulo.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, abathandi bohlobo oluhlekisayo bathola okunye ukumangala okumnandi okuvela kudokotela bezinzwa - i-Saterical Indaba, eshicilelwe ngaphansi kwegama elithi "ubuntu obukhanyayo". Ngonyaka olandelayo, amanoveli e-grotesque ashicilelwe emjikelezweni "izindaba ezingajwayelekile ezivela empilweni yedolobha laseKolocolamsk" kanye neqoqo leNovell "usuku lwe-1001, noma i-Sharerazada entsha".
Ngo-1931, u-Ilya ilf noMlobi owethule abafundi ubuciko obusha - ukuqhubeka kwenoveli ku-combinator, okwabizwa ngokuthi ithole legolide. Inoveli yanyatheliswa kumagazini "izinsuku ezingama-30", le ncwadi yavela eminyakeni emi-2 kamuva.
Imisebenzi ye-Ilf nePetrov yaba ngabathengisi bezikhathi zaseSoviet, baletha ababhali inkazimulo emangalisayo. Kepha abagxeki bemibhalo nabacebisi bebengakhononda ngamanoveli oFakazi, agcwele amacebo weSoviet angafanele. "Punch" ukushicilelwa kwe- "Golden Ehlanzekile" kwasiza uMaxim Gorky. Emaphephandabeni aseCentral, kwavela izindatshana ezichobozekile, kepha azizange zithakazelise abahlonishwa ngethalente lika-Odessa.
IPeru Ilya Ilf futhi umhlobisi wakhe ungowabezindaba eziningi, ama-feechens kanye nama-eseyi. Ngokusho kwamahlaya abo, i-melodrama "ngaphansi kwe-circus dome", ihlutshwe ngumqondisi uGregory Alexandrov futhi yashicilelwa ngo-1936 ebizwa nge- "Circus". Ifilimu ka-Love Orlova yakhanya, kepha i-Ilf noPetrov bafuna ukususa amagama abo ezihlokweni: Umbhalo waguqulwa, ababhali abangavunyelwenga.
Maphakathi nawo-1930s ilya ilf no-evgeny petrov - abahambelani bePravda - baya ohambweni lwezinyanga ezi-4 ngaphezulu kwe-United States. Izithelo zobuciko obuhlanganayo yincwadi eyenziwe ngezincazelo ezihlukaniswayo futhi ibizwa nge- "One-story american". Waphuma ngo-1936 waba umlolo wokuqala ohlanganyelwe owabhalwa ababhali. ILF nePetrov ngenxa yokugula kuka-Ilya Arnoldovich wabhala izahluko, ngaphandle komhlangano, kodwa iminyaka eyi-10 yokusebenzisana babeba nesitayela esisodwa.
I-Ilya Ilf yethule abafundi amangalisayo "amabhukwana okubhalela" - idayari, enamakhulu ama-aphorisms, ama-eseyi, ukubukwa, imishwana ehlekisayo nezinkondla ezibuhlungu ezirekhodiwe eminyakeni eyi-12. "Izincwadi zokubhalela" sabona isibani ngemuva kokuncishiswa nokucwaninga okuqinile, kodwa futhi nangendlela efushanisiwe yama-aphorisms e-Ilfire ambozwa.
Iqiniso elihehayo le-biography ka-Odessa uthando lwakhe lwe-Photodel. Esethole "uLuka", u-Ilya Ilfe wenza izinkulungwane zezithombe, phakathi kwazo ezihlukile: Isonto likaVladimir Mayakovsky, iSonto likaKristu uMsindisi kulokhu kuqhuma futhi, abantu baseMelika (i-Mikhail Bulgakov, i-Yuri U-Elesha, uJoseph utkin, boris pasternak.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngomkakhe kaMasha - uMaria Tarasenko - umlobi wahlangana e-Odessa yakhe yendabuko. UMasha wayengumfundi wesikole sokupenda, lapho efundisa khona umfowabo we-Ilf. Umdwebi osemncane wathandana nothisha, kodwa ngemuva kokujwayelana no-Ilya no-Ilya wanikela ngaphansi kwengcindezi yezimpawu zakhe zokunakwa kanye nokudumiswa kwamagagasi.
Ngemuva kokusuka kwe-Ilya Ilf, iminyaka embalwa edlule esontekile eMoscow - amakhulu athinta inhliziyo, izincwadi ezazingena ezinhlamvwini zagcinwa. Kokunye kokufika kukaMariya enhlokodolobha, bashada. Ngokushesha sathola izindlu ezinesizotha - igumbi endlini ye-Sretensky Lane, eduze kwekamelo laseYuri Oleshi nomkayo. Ngo-1935, laba bambhangqwana babenendodakazi uSasha, u-Alexander Iilyinichna Ilf.
Ukuphila kahle kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nefulethi nefenisha yasendulo, umgcini wendlu kanye ne-nanny kwavela kubalingani ngemuva kokukhishwa kweziteshi "eziyishumi nambili". Injabulo emndenini ende yavinjelwa yisifo i-Ilya Ilf. Wayengubaba othambile omangalisayo, kepha akakwazanga ngisho ukwanga indodakazi, esaba ukuthelela isifo sofuba. Wayengenjalo lapho u-Alexandra eneminyaka engu-2 ubudala.
Ukushona
Ngemuva kohambo eMelika ngemoto evulekile, i-Ilya ilfa yanda lesi sifo: Ukutholwa kwesifo sofuba ngawo-1920, kwavulwa kwabuye kwashintshelwa kufomu lokuqina. Ubuhlungu e-Check Novel Bereven bazizwa eNew Orleans. Ngemuva kokukhwehlela, ngabona igazi esikhaleni.
Ngemuva kokubuya eMelika, u-Ilya Ilf uhambe iminyaka emi-2. Kepha akukwazanga ukuhlala enhlokodolobha - izulu. Ihlelwe eDacha eKraskovo, lapho abhala khona izahluko ze- "One-Letter Moscow", zahamba phezu kwehlathi likaphayini.
Lapho entwasahlobo ka-1937, u-Ilf oneminyaka engu-39 ubudala wangcwatshwa emathuneni aseNovodevichy, umngani wakhe othembekile kanye nombhali othembekile bathi kwakuwumngcwabo wakhe. Umngani kaPetrov wasinda iminyaka emi-5, wabulala ngaphansi kwezimo ezingaziwa.
Ngo-1948, kwavela isinqumo soMnyonuonali weNobhala Wezincwadi, lapho kwavela khona ama-Ilf kanye namaveli ePetrov abizwa ngalo ukunyundela. Sekudlule iminyaka engu-12, kanti "izihlalo eziyi-12" zivunyelwe ukushicilelwa. Abaphenyi bobuhlakani ilf noPetrov basikisela ukuthi isiphetho sababhali, baphila isikhathi eside, bengaba nzima.
I-Bibliography
- 1928 - "Izihlalo eziyishumi nambili"
- Ngo-1928 - "Izindaba ezingajwayelekile ezivela empilweni yedolobha laseKolocolamsk"
- 1928 - "Ubuntu obuqhakazile"
- Ngo-1929 - "Usuku lwe-1001, noma i-Sharerazada entsha"
- Ngo-1931 - "Trank Golden"
- Ngo-1936 - "Kanye ehlobo"
- Ngo-1937 - "Indaba eyodwa yendaba"