Biography
Jürgen Habermas - a philosopher and sociologist from Germany. Experts refer it to representatives of the second generation of theorists of the Frankfurt school. The scientist has developed the concept of the theory of communicative action. Since 1964, he has been conducting teaching activities at the university. Johanna Wolfgang Goethe.Childhood and youth
Jurgen Habermas appeared on June 18, 1929 in Dusseldorf. The childhood of the boy passed in the city of Gummersbach. His father managed the department of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry. From 1949 to 1950, the young man was a student at the University of Gottingen, then she studied in Zurich, and from 1951 to 1954, I learned the basics of Sciences in Bonn.
The first doctoral dissertation written under the leadership of Erich Rothhaker, Jürgen dedicated to the writings of Friedrich Schelling. After graduating, he assisted theodore adorno. Habermas took the final decision to associate a biography with philosophy, being in doctoral studies of the University of Marburg.
Personal life
Future wife, the researcher met in the youth, while studying at the university. Uta Vesselgoft fully divided the views of Habermas and, like he, was disappointed with the regime that reigned in Germany. The wedding of the couple took place in 1955. The personal life of the spouses was happily. Uta gave birth to Jürgen three children. Two of them went at the footsteps of the Father, dedicating themselves to humanitarian sciences.Scientific activity
Habermas began pedagogical practice in Heidelberg University. In 1964, he received a position at the Department of Max Horkheimer in Frankfurt am Main. For a long time, the philosopher worked near Munich, at the Institute. Max Planck, but disagreements with colleagues provoked a return to Frankfurt am Main in 1981. After 2 years, he was invited to work at the Department at the University of City University, where the philosopher worked until the 1994th. In the 1990s published the book of Yurgen Habermas called "Modern - unfinished project".
Experts allocate two periods in the work of the philosopher and sociologist, which are conditionally divided by the main works in his bibliography - "knowledge and interest" and "theory of communicative action". The first period is characterized by attention to psychoanalysis and hermeneutics, and the second combines the rethinking of views and the assumption of synthesis capabilities.
The concept of communicative modification developed by the researcher suggests a pragmatic scheme. It is based on the analysis of speech and building the general conditions of language interaction. Based on the theory of scientist, the emphasis is placed on cognitive, expressive and interaction aspects, as it gives participants to communicate an understanding of the truth, the veracity of the speaker and regulatory correctness.
Communicative theory allocates implicit and explicit variants of the significance of speech activity. The first plays the role of direct communication, and the second implies discourse as a method of verifying controversial significance. During the dialogue, arguments are given, which help to achieve mutual understanding and consent. Jurgen Habermas called the discourse of the "ideal speech situation", which is necessary for reporting to the opponent of views and thoughts. The philosopher also highlighted the communicative, strategic and instrumental actions necessary to achieve a single understanding.
In addition to working on the analysis of communications, a man was interested in various aspects of history and sociology. Arguing about democracy, Habermas described his views on civil society. He assured that democracy needs a durable foundation organized on the basis of institutions that expand the boundaries of social equality and freedom.
Embed from getty imagesJurgen supported the point of view of Immanuel Kant, believing that popular sovereignty guarantees human rights regardless of the accepted social system, whether liberalism, socialism or democracy. The book "Involving the other" was a big contribution to the sociology of Habermas, published in 1996. In the same year they published "Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action".
In 2001, the "Future of Human Nature" was released. In it, the scientist reflects the position regarding the technical expansion, believing that it entails the loss of individuality. His colleague, sociologist Lewis Mamford, in turn called the technique of the instrument of power and impact on a person, as well as the method of self-development.
Speaking about art, Jürgen Habermas and his colleagues Daniel Bell and Sigmount Bauman interpreted postmodernism as a result of political peripetia in combination with neoconservatism ideology. Signing to these thoughts can be found in the work of the "Modern Philosophical Discourse", published in 1985.
In 2004, the scientist released the work of the "split West", and after 4 years, the book "Ah, Europe" came out, which became the last part in the many years of publications of "small political essays".
Jurgen Habermas now
In 2020, German theorists are called among the main researchers of modernity in the field of philosophy. Experts see in his writings to send to the views of Immanuel Kant and Karl Marx, as well as Sigmund Freud. They are also present with clarity characteristic of the philosophers of American pragmatism. The photo of the scientist is published in books and specialized publications, and quotes from books are used in professional discussions.Now Habermas has been conducting professional activities and occupies an active public position. During a pandemic of coronavirus infection, he signed a refusal to the electoral medical care of the elderly. The specific regulations for medical care was offered by the British Medical Association. The adoption of its proposal meant that when entering the hospital, a large number of infected doctors had to save those who have the chances of surviving. The position of the philosopher and other well-known persons media stated in the news.
Quotes
- "The social state is a peaceful coexistence between democracy and capitalism."
- "We can demand tolerance only after eliminating prejudice, on the basis of which a minority opposed, first of all."
- "Religion can give reason practical effectiveness only as an element of public life."
- "Neoconservatism is a network where liberal may fall, if it is scared of its own liberalism."
Bibliography
- 1954 - "Absolute and History: Uncertainty in Schelling Thinking"
- 1961 - "Student and politics: a sociological study of the political consciousness of Frankfurt students"
- 1962 - "Structural change in the public sector: research on the category of bourgeois society"
- 1963 - "Theory and Practice. Studying social philosophy »
- 1968 - "Knowledge and Interest"
- 1968 - "Technique and Science as" ideology "
- 1970 - "Logic of Public Sciences"
- 1973 - "The problem of legitimation of late capitalism"
- 1981-2013 - "Small political writings, I-XII parts"
- 1983 - "Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action"
- 1985 - "Philosophical Discourse about Modern"
- 1991 - "Texts and Contexts"
- 1996 - "Involvement of another: Essays of political theory"
- 2001 - "The Future of Human Nature. On the way to Liberal Evgenika »
- 2004 - "Split West"
- 2005 - "Between naturalism and religion. Philosophical articles "
- 2005 - "Dialectics of secularization: about mind and religion"
- 2011 - "Essay to the Constitution of Europe"