I-Biograge
I-biography yePytagora Samosovsky idlulisela abafundi emhlabeni wamasiko asendulo amaGrikhi. Lo muntu angabhalwa ngesibindi ukubiza umuntu odumile. UPythagoras wayengumuntu omuhle, wezibalo, imfihlakalo, isazi sefilosofi, wasungula ukugeleza kwezenkolo nefilosofi (i-paytagorism), kwakungusopolitiki owushiye umsebenzi njengefayifazana.Ubuntwana nentsha
Nquma usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa kwePythagora lunzima. Izazi-mlando zisungule isikhathi esilinganiselwe sokubukeka kwaso ukuKhanya - 580 BC. Indawo yokuzalwa - amaGreek Island samas.
Umama wefilosofi wefilosofi wabizwa ngokuthi i-Parament (Partenida, Pythiad), noBaba - UMenarch. Ngokusho kwenganekwane, ngolunye usuku abashadikazi abasebasha bavakashela idolobha lase-Delfa njengohambo lomshado. Lapho, abasanda kushada bahlangana no-Orakula, abavukele othandweni lapho kuvela khona iNdodana. Le ndaba yathi ingane izoba ngumuntu onzima izoduma ngokuhlakanipha, ukubukeka, izenzo ezinkulu.
Ngokushesha lesi siprofetho saqala ukugcwaliseka, le ntombazane yabeletha umfana futhi yahambisana nesiko lakudala lathola igama lePythiad. Ingane ibizwa nge-Pythagoras ukuhlonipha ubupristi Apollo Pythia. Ubaba weMathematics yesikhathi esizayo wazama ukufeza inganekwane yaphezulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezindlela. I-Happy Menarh iyavuselela i-Apollon ye-Altar Apollon, futhi ingane izungeza ukunakekelwa nothando.
Eminye imithombo futhi ithi abanye abafana ababili bakhuliswa emndenini - abafowabo abadala befilosofi yamaGrikhi: u-Eunereste neTirren.
Ubaba kaPythagora wayeyingcweti ekucutshunguleni amatshe egolide, emndenini ayekhona engcebweni. Ngiseyingane, umfana wakhombisa ilukuluku lesayensi ehlukahlukene, wahlukaniswa ngamakhono angajwayelekile.
Uthisha wokuqala wefilosofi wesikhathi esizayo waba i-hermodaman. Ufundise i-pythagora izisekelo zomculo, ubuchwepheshe bobuciko obungokomfanekiso, ukufunda, i-Rhetoric, uhlelo lolimi. Ukusiza i-Pythagora ukuthuthukisa inkumbulo, uthisha uphoqelekile ukuba afunde i- "Odyssey" ne- "Oriada" yeHomer futhi akhumbule izingoma ezivela kwizinkondlo.
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, umfana oneminyaka engu-18 ophethe imininingwane eyenziwe ngomumo yolwazi waya eGibhithe ukuyoqhubeka nemfundo phakathi kwabapristi abahlakaniphile, kodwa ngaleyo minyaka kwakunzima ukufika lapho: Kwavalwa amaGrikhi. Ngemuva kwalokho i-pythagor iyeka okwesikhashana esiqhingini saseLesbos nalapha wafunda eFerkida Syri Physics, izilimi, i-Theogonia, ukufundwa kwezinkanyezi, ezokwelapha.
Esiqhingini sasePythagoras waphila iminyaka eminingana, wabe eseya ku-millet - idolobha lapho uFalez odumile waphila khona, waphawula umsunguli wesikole sefilosofi sokuqala eGreece.
Isikole se-Miretskaya savumela uPythagora ukuthi athole ulwazi, kodwa, ukulandela imikhandlu kaFalez, le nsizwa iya eGibhithe ukuze iqhubeke nendlela yemfundo.
Lapha uPythagoras ujwayelana nabaphristi, uvakashele amathempeli aseGibhithe, avale abantu bezinye izizwe, anamathele ezimfihlo zawo namasiko abo, futhi maduze nje uthola abapristi baseSan. Ukutadisha edolobheni lamasiko nelokuthuthukile kwakha i-Pythagora Umuntu ofundile kakhulu kulezo zikhathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, impilo yezibalo ezaziwayo izinguquko kakhulu ngemuva kokuqala kwempi yasePheresiya. UPythagoras ubanjiwe futhi iminyaka eminingana uhlala eBabiloni.
Imfihlakalo futhi ibuyela ekhaya
Izinganekwane ze-Vintage zithi eBabiloni, isalifilosofi elinethalente nendoda yobuhle yaphezulu (isiqinisekiso salokhu - isithombe sezibalo esenziwe ngesisekelo semidwebo yabadwebi basendulo, ama-scarptures) ahlangane nabadwebi basePheresiya. UPythagoras ujoyine isifundo sezehlakalo eziyimfihlakalo, wafunda ukuhlakanipha nezici zesayensi yezinkanyezi, izibalo, umuthi wabantu baseMpumalanga.
IHaldey iboshelwe ukubukwa okungaphezu kwendabuko ekuqhamukeni kwalezi zisayensi, futhi le ndlela yaboniswa emikhakheni eyalandela yolwazi lwePythagora emkhakheni wezibalo nefilosofi.
Eminyakeni engu-12 ngemuva kokuhlala okuphoqelekile kwePythagora eBabiloni, inkosi yasePheresiya, esezwa ngokuzivocavoca okudumile kwamaGrikhi. I-Pythagoras ibuyela ezweni lakubo, lapho iqala ukunamathisela abantu babo olwazini olutholwe.
Isazi sefilosofi ngokushesha sawunqoba ngokushesha phakathi kwabakhileyo. Ngisho nabesifazane ababenqatshelwe ukuya emihlanganweni enkulu beza bezolalela izinkulumo zakhe. Kwenye yale micimbi, i-Pythaur yajwayela umkakhe wesikhathi esizayo.
Umuntu onesilinganiso esiphakeme solwazi kwadingeka asebenze njengomfundisi nabantu ngokuziphatha okuphansi. Kwaba ngabantu ngomuntu wobumsulwa, unkulunkulu othile. Ama-Pythagoras aphethwe yizindlela zabaphristi baseGibhithe, angahlanza umphefumulo wabalaleli, agcwalisa izingqondo zawo ngolwazi.
I-sage yenziwa ikakhulukazi emigwaqweni, emathempelini, kodwa ngemuva kokuqala ukufundisa wonke umuntu ekhaya lakhe. Lolu uhlelo lokufunda olukhethekile, ubunzima obuhle. Isikhathi sokuhlola sabafundi sasiyiminyaka engama-3-5. Abalaleli benqatshelwe ukukhuluma phakathi nezifundo, buza imibuzo ukuthi ukuthobeka nokubekezelela okuqeqeshiwe kuzo.
Isayensi yezibalo
Isikhulumi esinekhono nothisha ohlakaniphile bafundisa abantu kwisayensi ehlukene: umuthi, imisebenzi yezepolitiki, umculo, umculo, izibalo, izazi-zezazi, izikhulu zikahulumeni, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi, izazi zezinkanyezi.
Umnikelo omkhulu wenziwa ama-pythagores eJoumetry. Namuhla, igama labantu abathandwayo basendulo laziwa ngesisekelo sokutadisha i-Pythagora theorem edumile ezikoleni ngemisebenzi yezibalo. Le ndlela ifomula ebukeka ngayo ukuxazulula eminye imisebenzi yePythagora: A2 + B2 = C2. Kulokhu, a no-b ubude bama-cathtette, kanti u-C ubude be-hypotenuse ye-hypotenuse yoxantathu.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kukhona ne-Pythagora Theorem ephindayo ethuthukiswe ezinye izibalo ezinekhono, kepha namhlanje kunobufakazi obungu-367 bePythagora theorem kwisayensi, okubonisa ukuthi injongo yaso eyisisekelo yeJiyomethri iphelele.
Okunye ukusungulwa kososayensi abakhulu baseGreek kwakungu "Ithebula lePythagora". I-Nowada, kuyisiko ukubizwa ngetafula lokuphindaphindeka, ngokusho kwalo abafundi bezifundo zesikole sefilosofi abaqeqeshiwe.
Ukutholwa okuthokozisayo kwenkathi yeminyaka edlule kwakuwukuncika kwezibalo kwentambo yokudlidliza i-lira ebude bayo ekubulaweni komculo. Le ndlela ingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha kwamanye amathuluzi.
Inhlamba
Ngokuphikelela bakhokhe izinombolo zefilosofi, bezama ukwazi imvelo yabo, okushiwo izinto nezinto. Wabopha izinombolo zezinombolo ezigabeni zokuphila zokuba: ubuntu, ukufa, ukugula, ukuhlupheka, njll.
Kungama-pythagoreans ahlukanise izinombolo ziye ngisho nangaphezulu. Okuthile okubalulekile (ubulungiswa kanye nokulingana) ngokuphila emhlabeni we-pythagoras esigcawini senombolo. Abasolwa abayisishiyagalolunye babonakala, inani labayisishiyagalombili ukufa.
Izinombolo ngisho zabelwa ocansini lwabesifazane, okungajwayelekile - ukumelwa kwabesilisa, nophawu lomshado kwabalandeli bezimfundiso zePythagora bakhuluma abahlanu (3 + 2).
Ngenxa yolwazi lwePythagora, abantu nanamuhla bathole ithuba lokuthola izinga lokuhambisana nengxenye yabo yesikhathi esizayo, babheke ikhethini lekusasa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa uhlelo lwezinombolo lwesikwele sasePythagorean. "Umdlalo" ngezinombolo ezithile (usuku, usuku, inyanga yokuzalwa) kuzokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwakha ishadi, ngakho-ke isithombe sekusasa somuntu sibonakala kahle.
Abalandeli bakaPythagora babekholelwa ukuthi amanani angaba nomthelela emhlabeni emhlabeni jikelele. Into esemqoka ukuqonda inani labo lamaketanga. Kunezinombolo ezinhle nezimbi, njengeshumi nantathu noma eziyishumi nesikhombisa. I-Numerology, njengeSayensi, ayibonwa njengekhulu, kubhekwa njengohlelo lwezinkolelo nolwazi, kodwa hhayi ngaphezulu.
Imfundiso yefilosofi
Izimfundiso zefilosofi yePythagora kufanele zihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili:
- Indlela yesayensi yolwazi lomhlaba.
- Ngokwenkolo kanye nokufiphaza.
Akuyona yonke imisebenzi yePythagora ekwazile ukuyigcina. Inkosi enkulu kanye ne-sage azange baqophe noma yini, kepha ngokuyisisekelo bahlanganyela ekuqeqesheni ngomlomo kwalabo abafuna ukwazi okucashile kwesayensi eyodwa noma kwenye isayensi. Imininingwane ngolwazi lwefilosofi yadluliselwa emxotsheni wabalandeli bakhe - amaPythagoreans.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi uPythagoras wayengumhleli wezenkolo, wadala umphakathi oyimfihlo, washumayela ukuhlinzekwa kwama-akukomatic. Wenqabela abafundi bakhe ukuba badle imvelaphi yezilwane, futhi ikakhulukazi inhliziyo, okuyindlela ngokuyinhloko impilo. Akuvunyelwe ukukhathazeka ngobhontshisi ngokuya ngenganekwane ethathwe egazini likaDionysus-Zagrey. I-Pythagoras ikugxekile ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, ulimi olungcolile kanye nokunye okungazi.
Isazi sefilosofi sasikholelwa ukuthi umuntu angasindisa futhi akhulule umphefumulo wakhe ngokuhlanzwa ngokomzimba nangokuziphatha. Izimfundiso zakhe zingaqhathaniswa nolwazi lwakudala lweVedic, ngokususelwa ekuhlalweni okuphezulu komphefumlo ovela ezulwini ungene emzimbeni wesilwane noma sowesilisa kuze kube yilungelo lokubuyela kuNkulunkulu ezulwini.
UPythagoras akazange abeke ifilosofi yakhe kubantu abajwayelekile abazama ukuqonda kuphela izisekelo zesayensi ngqo. Ukuzivocavoca kwakhe okukhethekile kwenzelwe "ukukhanyiselwa" ngokweqiniso, ubuntu obukhethiwe.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ukubuya ekudingisweni kweBabiloni ezweni lakubo eGreece, uPythahor wahlangana nobuhle obungajwayelekile entombazaneni egama linguFean, oye emihlanganweni ngasese. Ifilosofi yasendulo ngaleso sikhathi yayivele isebudaleni (iminyaka engama-56-60). Abathandi bashada, emshadweni babenezingane ezimbili: umfana nentombazane (amagama akaziwa).
Eminye imithombo yomlando ithi i-feean yayiyindodakazi yokugoba - isazi sefilosofi, umngani kanye nomfundi wePythagora.
Ukushona
I-Pythagorea School itholakala eCrolon yeCrolon (South Italy). Kwavukelwa umbuso wentando yeningi lapha, ngenxa yokuthi uPythagoras aphoqelelwa ukuba aphume endaweni. Waya eMetapont, kodwa ukushayisana kwezempi kwangena kuleli dolobhana.
Isazi sefilosofi esidumile saba nezitha eziningi ezingafani nezimiso zakhe zokuphila. Kunezinguqulo ezintathu zokufa kwePythagora. Ngokowokuqala, umbulali kwakungumuntu owake wenqaba ukufundisa amasu wemimoya eyimfihlo ekufundiseni izibalo. Ukuhlala emizweni yenzondo, wenqabile ukwakheka kwe-Academy of Pythagora, kanti isazi sefilosofi safa, sisindisa abafundi.
Inganekwane yesibili ithi egumbini elivuthayo, abalandeli basosayensi badala ibhuloho emizimbeni yabo, bafuna ukusindisa uthisha wabo. Futhi washona uPythagoras kusukela ekuqothulweni kwenhliziyo, ubukela phansi imizamo yawo ekuthuthukisweni kwesintu.
Uhlobo olujwayelekile lwama-sages of the sages lubhekwa njengokufa kwakhe ngaphansi kwezimo ezingahleliwe ngesikhathi se-skirmish eMetapont. Ngesikhathi sokufa kwePythagora kwakuyiminyaka engama-80-90.