I-Biograge
I-Fazil Iskander - I-Classic Empilweni, ngokwakhe ukuqashelwa, abkhaz ngesibongo sasePheresiya, ekhetha amasiko aseRussia. I-Propher yayinamaphiko ngasikhathi sinye nesipho esinelanga nesidabukisayo, ezincwadini zakhe zisusa amafilimu bese zibeka ezenziwe. Imisebenzi ka-Iskander ifundwa ngazo zonke izilimi zaseYurophu. Ngenxa yePeru yakhe, umhlaba wonke wahlangana nezwe elincane, kodwa elinjalo lomphefumlo abkhazia.Ubuntwana nentsha
UFazil Abdulovich wazalwa entwasahlobo ka-1929 eSukhumi. Umkhulu u-Ibrahim Iskander, i-Iranian asuka kuyo, wasungula enye yezitshalo zokuqala ze-Abkhaz Brick. Imikhiqizo yebhizinisi yakha imigwaqo yedolobha. U-Ibrahim washada nentombazane yendawo Hamsad, eyaqala ukuphatha ipulazi elibanzi ngemuva kokushona kwekhanda lomndeni.
Indodana endala u-Abdul-Kerim ishada noLeli Hasanovna Michelia. Umama womlobi umangeli, kwasekuqaleni ukusuka edolobhaneni laseChegem. Ubuhle nabantu beMalaget Motherland Iskander bancibilika ezindabeni zeSandro kusuka kuChegema. Indodakazi kaGuli namadodana kaFazi noFire babonakala emshadweni. Esikhathini esineminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye, uFazil wasala engenawo ubaba, wathunyelwa e-Iran, futhi ababonane. Umlobi wesikhathi esizayo waphakamisa izihlobo zikanina.
EChegeme, kwakukhona ipulazi elihlangene, amagilebhisi akhulayo, ugwayi kanye nommbila, wasebenza njengesikole esineminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Ngemuva kwempi, emasimini awo wonke amadoda cishe asala kuwo, nasezintabeni kwakunzima ukuphila, imindeni yaqala ukuthuthela ekuhlambeni okukhulu okuphezulu kwendiji. Ukuphuma kwaqina lapho esesikoleni esikhundleni sokufundisa ngolimi lwase-Abkhaz kwethulwe ukuqeqeshwa eGeorgia. Izingane, seziphothule ibanga lesi-8, zathuthela edolobheni laseTkvarbed noma lishiywe nhlobo.
Imisebenzi yombhali - ngezindlela eziningi umzekeliso we-biography yakhe uqobo, ngakho-ke u-Iskander akazange abhale amaMemoirs. I-FAzil enama-honors aphothule esikoleni saseRussia, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho waya eMoscow ukufaka ifilosofi ye-University of Pubty of. Indaba yokuthi indondo yegolide ayizange ibanjelwe kanjani e-Moscow State University, ukuthuka okuphawuliwe kwabahloli ngobuzwe, umbhali uchazwe endabeni yendaba yendaba.
Endaweni efanayo, uFazil wachaza ukuthi kungani eba umfundi we-Library Institute, lapho umlobi wasekhaya washeshe wahunyushelwa kulokhu okwabika - Isikhungo esibhalwe phansi esiqanjwe nge-Gorky:
"Kulula futhi kunenzuzo ethe xaxa ukubhala izincwadi kunokuba ubhekane nokuhlukaniswa kwabanye."Into yokufunda
U-Iskander uthweswe iziqu kwiSikhungo ngo-1954, kodwa ebhentshini labafundi eshicilele izinkondlo zokuqala, bakholelwa ukuthi zizowabhala. Ingqikithi ye-Phazil Abdulovich ikhishwe ngamaqoqo ayisishiyagalolunye enkondlo. Ngo-1957, incwadi yokuqala yashicilelwa - "Imizila Yezintaba". Kamuva, lapho u-Iskander evuza iprosese, wathi wenza ngaphansi kwethonya lobuhlakani u-Isaac Babel, lapho ebona ukuthi akukho mehluko phakathi kwezinkondlo nasekuprose.
Isiqu se-Institute Teary esithola isipiliyoni somsebenzi wobuntatheli kanye nomhleli wokuhlela eKurskaya Pravda Newspaners kanye neBryansk Komsomolets, egatsheni le-Abkhaz lendlu yokushicilela uMbuso. Izindaba, amanoveli kanye nendaba ka-Iskander zanyatheliswa emaphepheni "zoshintsho", "ubusha", "Isonto," Bonfire ".
Umlobi wenhlangano yenhlangano yonke etholakele ngemuva kwencwadi ethi Ngo-1966 le ndaba "yokulandisa kukaKozotra". Umsebenzi eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu wathola ukufakwa emzimbeni esikrinini sama-movie kumahlaya egama elifanayo nokubamba iqhaza kwe-Armin Dzhigarkhanyanhan neFaraday. I-Quote Kuyo - "Ukuqaliswa kuhle, kepha hhayi epulazini lethu elihlangene" - kwaphenduka isimo sokuhlola okunenhlonipho, kepha ukwenqaba kwezigaba kokuhlolwa okude, okuyingozi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi okungenangqondo.
Indaba ibeka kabili i-USSR Stol Award ezincwadini, kodwa akumangalisi ukuthi incazelo enesibindi solimi lwesi-Ezopov kaKhrushchev "Ukuhlolwa kommbila" kwabe sekuqashelwa.
Ukuqashelwa komphakathi kutholwe indaba ngentombazane engenangqondo nethembekile ", Indaba yezenhlalo - yezengqondo" Marine Scorpio "mayelana ne-Interintentia kanye" nogogo wokupaka ", lapho ugogo wokupaka" waphanga umndeni ukwesabisa kangangokuba wavula obala ukuthi yini
Ukudalwa kwe-Iskander FAzil kufana nesitayela esikhethekile. Ngakho-ke, "uSANDro ovela eChegema" akuyona nje inoveli, kodwa umjikelezo omusha, umbhali akazange asebenze ngayo leminyaka eyishumi. Abanayo i-storyline ejwayelekile, kepha umlingiswa owodwa oyinhloko. Umlobi akaphikisi amaqhawe emisebenzi yesistimu yezepolitiki ekhona futhi abusa ngaleso sikhathi eNravam. Ngokuphambene nalokho, bangokwemvelo ne-satire enhle ne-sarcasm kanye nokudluliswa ngqo kwemvelo yezwe kanye nenkulumo ebukhoma.
Ngokusekelwe kwenoveli - "ama-PIRS eValtasar" - Kususwe isici sefilimu, lapho umlingiswa ophambili weSandro Chegemmmsky wamenyelwa edilini e-Stalin. UValtasarov Pir, njengoba wazi, - uzungu lwebhayibheli, okusho ukuthi kumnandi kakhulu ebunzimeni. Ngokusho kwendaba yenoveli nefilimu, isenzo senzeka ngo-1935, nangemva kwedili, ababambiqhaza bayo baqala ukunyamalala.
Ngokufanayo, ayikho into eyodwa kanye nenkukhu yengane. Inoveli yeqhawe ngumfana ogama lakhe linguChic, ingane, kodwa ekuphiliseni impilo, okunqumayo akuyona imisebenzi yezingane kanye nendlela yokwakheka ngokomoya ngale ndlela. Indaba "i-hercules yeshumi nantathu feat" kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni kuvunyelwe ngamahlaya, kodwa kuyafundiswa kakhulu. Umfundi uphakanyisiwe - ukuthi empeleni kune-feat, njengoba kumuntu oyedwa ubugwala nesibindi kuhlanganiswe.
Ngokuphila kwamaqhawe emisebenzi, Iskander wacabanga ngemiqondo enjalo njengoba ehlonishwa, isithunzi, inhlonipho, ubulungiswa. Umlobi wasebenzisa kahle imizwa ne-groteesque. Umbuso wezinyoka "onogwaja kanye namadokodo" uyisimo sobusika, ukholifulawa - ithemba ngekusasa eliqhakazile.
Ngisho namagama onogwaja ayegqoke incazelo efihlekile: Ithathwe - umgadli weqiniso neqiniso, osonweni - okwazile ukufeza indawo yenkosi, eyayikwazi ukufeza - umuntu owayefuna ubulungiswa, uma uthisha wakhe uyabukeka. -Seeker.
Indaba ephathelene nezisekelo zamandla yanyatheliswa okokuqala e-United States, e-Almana Metropol, kanye ne "Oh, Marat!". Lesi sakamuva saphinde savuswa: ngo-1992, isithombe esithi "umxhwele omncane omkhulu wobulili obukhulu" sashicilelwa, lapho uGennady Khazanov adlale indima enkulu.
Ukubuyiselwa okudume kakhulu kwemisebenzi ye-Fazil Iskander ku-cinema - "Amasela aseMthethweni" ngokususelwa ezindabeni ze- "Chegemskaya Carmen" ne "Bartman Adgur", enyatheliswa ngo-1986 kumagazini ngo-1986.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1960, uFazil Iskander washada nezinkondlo u-Antonikohhlebnikova. Intombazane yayisimncane iminyaka eyi-11, yavela emndenini ohlakaniphile. U-Antonina ekuqaleni futhi akazange amukele ngokungenamibandela engqondweni yomlingani emndenini. Njengoba uValery Novodvorskaya uthe:
"Ukusuka ekuxhumaneni kwabo, ulamula kubonakala sengathi uqinile futhi ubhekene ne-champagne."UKhlebnikov wasebenza esikhungweni sokucwaninga ngoMnyango Wezamandla, Umhleli kumaphephabhuku ezomnotho. Ngisho nangaphambi komhlangano no-Iskander, ngabhala izinkondlo, kodwa okokuqala ngqa ngenza izithelo zabasebenzi enkantolo yezomphakathi kuphela emshadweni wegolide kuphela: ngo-2011, abalingani bakhiphe iqoqo elihlanganyelwe "iqhwa kanye namagilebhisi".
Indodakazi kaMarina yiFilologist yezemfundo, ibhala izithombe. Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili, ngo-1983, iNdodana yazalwa. U-Alexander uthweswe iziqu ze-Faculty of Jourbuary, kepha akazange asebenze ngokukhethekile, wakhetha ubukhulu bezezimali. Ngesinye isikhathi wabhala izindaba engizithandile ngempela uFazil Abdulovich. U-Iskander ngokwakhe wawuthanda umsebenzi ka-Alexander Pushkin noJoseph Brodsky, imisebenzi kaFyodor DyovOevsky no-Ivan Bunin.
INdodana yomlobi yabhapathizwa, yasiza kuleli la madoda ase-Alexander, futhi noSkander avame ukuxoxa naye ngezihloko zenkolo. Ngemuva kokubulawa kukampristi, eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva, uFazil wathatha i-Orthodoxy.
Umlobi wasebenza ngendlela yakudala - kumshini wokubhala, imibhalo yakhe yokuphrinta kabusha, futhi isikhathi ngasinye lapho banda ngevolumu.
Ukushona
Emashumini eminyaka okuphila kwamuva nje, i-Fazil Iskander ichithe umthengisi weMoscow eduzane futhi yafisa ukumngcwaba lapho. Umlobi wabulawa ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ngoJulayi 2016.
Iziphathimandla ze-Abkhazia zinikeze umndeni futhi zisondele ekungcwabeni i-Iskander maphakathi nenhloko-dolobha - uSukhumi, kodwa ukucwengwa kokugcina akuthola e-Novodevichy Cemetery eMoscow.
I-Bibliography
- 1957 - "Imizila Yezintaba"
- Ngo-1961 - "Izingane ZoLwandle Olumnyama"
- Ngo-1964 - "" I-HERCULES TERCULES FET "
- Ngo-1966 - "I-Contellation kaKozotur"
- 1970 - "Umuthi Wezingane"
- 1971 - "Usuku lwenkukhu"
- Ngo-1973 - USandro ovela kuChegema
- 1979 - "Ngaphansi kweSenyu Walnut"
- 1983 - "Ukuvikelwa kweChik"
- 1987 - "Onogwaja kanye nokushaya"
- 1988 - "O, Marat!"
- 1990 - "Ukupaka komuntu"
- 1997 - "Sophic"