Biography
Fazil Iskander - Classic hauv lub neej, ntawm nws tus kheej kev lees paub, Abkhaz nrog Persian Surname, nco qab saib xyuas Lavxias kev coj noj coj ua. Proser muaj ib txhij nrog lub hnub ci thiab khoom plig tu siab, ntawm nws cov phau ntawv tshem cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab muab ua yeeb yam. Cov hauj lwm ntawm ISKANDER tau nyeem nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus European. Ua tsaug rau nws Peru, tag nrho lub ntiaj teb tau ntsib ib qho me me, tab sis xws li lub teb chaws Selkhazia.Thaum yau thiab cov hluas
Fazil Abdulovich yug thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1929 hauv Sukhumi. Yawg Ibrahim Iskander, Iranian hauv keeb kwm, tsim ib qho ntawm thawj Abkhaz Cib Nroj Tsuag. Cov khoom ntawm kev lag luam ua txoj kev ntawm lub nroog. Ibrahim sib yuav lub zos hluas nkauj Hamsad, uas tau pib tswj hwm kev ua liaj ua teb loj heev tom qab kev tuag ntawm tsev neeg.
Tus Eldest Tub Abdul-Kerim sib yuav Leli Honanovna Michelia. Tus niam ntawm tus kws sau ntawv yog ib qho aback, thaum xub thawj los ntawm lub zos Chamem. Kev zoo nkauj thiab tib neeg ntawm malaget mirander iskander melted nyob rau hauv cov dab neeg ntawm Sandro ntawm Chegema. Tus ntxhais ntawm Guli thiab cov tub fazil thiab firi tau tshwm sim hauv kev sib yuav. Thaum lub caij nyoog cuaj-xyoo laus, Fanil tseem tsis muaj leej txiv, nws tau raug xa mus rau Iran, thiab lawv tsis tau sib pom. Tus kws sau ntawv yav tom ntej tau tsa nws tus niam cov txheeb ze.
Hauv Chegeme, muaj ib cov liaj teb, loj hlob txiv hmab, luam yeeb thiab pob kws, ua haujlwm raws li lub yim xyoo. Tom qab ua tsov ua rog, tom teb uas yuav luag txhua tus txiv neej cov pejxeem tseem nyob, thiab nyob rau hauv lub roob nws tau nyuaj rau nyob, tsev neeg tau pib txav mus rau qhov kev sib haum xeeb loj ntawm Jigger. Qhov kev sib zog ua tawm thaum nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv tsis txhob qhia ntawv ntawm Abkhaz hom lus tau qhia kev cob qhia hauv Georgian. Cov menyuam yaus, tau ua tiav qib 8, hloov mus rau lub nroog tkvarbed lossis sab laug txhua.
Ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv - nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev ntawm kev piv txwv ntawm nws tus kheej biography, yog li iskander tsis sau memoirs. Fazil nrog Honors kawm tiav los ntawm Lavxias tsev kawm ntawv, tom qab uas nws tau mus rau Moscow kom nkag mus rau lub tswv yim ntawm University of University of University of University of University of University of University of Schulty. Zaj dab neeg ntawm yuav ua li cas Golden Medal tsis tau muaj nyob hauv lub xeev tus kws tshuaj xyuas kev kuaj mob txog haiv neeg, tus kws sau ntawv sau zaj dab neeg dab neeg.
Tib qho chaw, FAKIL tau piav tias yog vim li cas nws los ua tus kws sau ntawv hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv, uas yog tus kws sau ntawv hauv tsev sai sai no, qhov twg cov tub ntxhais kawm nyob rau hauv daim txiag - lub koom haum nyeem ntawv:
"Nws yooj yim dua thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua los sau cov phau ntawv koj tus kheej tshaj rau kev faib tawm ntawm lwm tus."Ntaub ntawv
Iskander kawm tiav ntawm lub koom haum xyoo 1954, tab sis ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm lub rooj ntev ua luam tawm thawj cov paj huam, ntseeg tias lawv yuav sau lawv. Tag nrho Pekil Abdulovich tau tawm los ntawm cuaj lub suab sau. Xyoo 1957, thawj phau ntawv luam tawm - "Roob Roob". Tom qab ntawd, thaum iskander hloov mus, nws tau hais tias nws tau ua raws li kev muaj tswv yim yog muaj kev sib txawv hais tias tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov paj huam thiab muaj npe.
Ib tug kawm tiav ntawm lub koom haum nyeem ntawv ntawm cov xov xwm thiab cov ntaub ntawv BRYANSA Pravapers, hauv Abkhaz ceg ntawm lub xeev tshaj tawm lub tsev. Cov dab neeg, Novels thiab zaj dab neeg ntawm Iskander tau tshaj tawm nyob rau nplooj ntawv ntawm "Hloov" Cov Lus Qhia, "Cov Hluas," Bonfire ".
Tag nrho cov neeg koom tes nrog tus kws sau npe tau txais tom qab tshaj tawm hauv xyoo 1966 zaj dab neeg ntawm "lub sijhawm ua ntu zus ntawm kozotra". Cov hauj lwm hauv lub xyoo peb caug xyoo tau txais kev nkag mus rau hauv zaj yeeb yaj kiab ua ke nrog kev koom tes ntawm Armen dzhigarkhanyan thiab noob faraday. Tso cai los ntawm nws - "kev pib yog qhov zoo, tab sis tsis yog rau peb cov liaj teb" - tig mus ua ib daim ntawv sau ua ke, tab sis qee cov kev phom sij, thiab qee zaum kev sim tsis txaus ntseeg.
Zaj dab neeg ob zaug tso rau pem hauv ntej rau USSR Lub Xeev puav pheej tau txais txiaj ntsig, tab sis nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias xws li kev sim ntawm cov pob kws "ntawm kev lees paub yog qhov tsis tau txais.
Pej xeem kev lees paub tau txais ib zaj dab neeg txog NaVe thiab Tus Neeg Muaj Peev Xwm "ntawm tus txiv neej muaj kev sib deev", uas yog tus niam siab nres tsheb ", uas yog tus niam ntiav ntawm Fazil, uas yog leej twg nyiag tsev neeg mus rau kev ntshai heev uas nws qhib qhib siab
Kev tsim ntawm Iskilander Fazil yog qhov xam tau nyob hauv cov qauv tshwj xeeb. Yog li, "Sandro ntawm Chegema" tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho tshiab, tab sis lub voj voog tshiab, dhau uas tus kws sau ntawv tsis yog ib xyoo caum. Lawv tsis muaj dab tsi tshwm sim storyline, tab sis ib qho cim tseem ceeb. Tus kws sau ntawv tsis tawm tsam tus nqi Heroes ntawm cov hauj lwm ntawm cov kev ua nom tswv uas twb muaj lawm thiab kav lub sijhawm ntawd NRAVAM. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lawv yog xam nrog satwant elegant thiab sarcasm ua ke nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub teb chaws thiab cov lus nyob.
Raws li ib qho ntawm phau ntawv tshiab - "Pirs ntawm Valtasar" - ib zaj duab xis tshwj xeeb tau raug tshem tawm, nyob rau hauv uas tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb ntawm Sandro Chaegemsky tau caw rau cov banquet mus rau stalin. Valtasarov Pir, raws li koj paub, - Biblical zajlus, lub ntsiab lus ib tug rampant lom zem lom zem kawg ntawm kev teeb meem. Raws li zaj dab neeg ntawm cov tshiab thiab zaj duab xis, qhov kev txiav txim siab nyob rau xyoo 1935, thiab tom qab cov banquet, nws cov neeg tuaj koom pib ploj.
Ib yam li ntawd, tsis muaj ib qho kev coj zoo nkauj thiab tus menyuam yaus yug menyuam yaus. Lub Hero phau ntawv tshiab yog ib tug me nyuam tub npe hu ua nqaij, ib tug menyuam, tab sis hauv kev kho lub neej, kev txiav txim siab yog los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab txoj kev ntawm kev tsim ntawm sab ntsuj plig. Zaj dab neeg "Kaum peb Hercules feat" txij thaum pib thiab mus txog thaum kawg yog permeated ntawm kev lom zem, tab sis yog cov paub zoo heev. Tus nyeem ntawv tau tsa - tias nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag muaj ib tug feat, raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg copardice thiab kev ua siab loj yog ua ke.
Los ntawm lub neej ntawm cov phab ej ntawm cov hauj lwm, Iskander yog hais txog cov ntsiab lus zoo li muaj meej mom, meej mom, hwm, kev ncaj ncees. Kws sau ntawv siv cov lus hais thiab grotesque. Lub nceeg vaj ntawm nab nyob rau hauv "luav thiab Booths" yog lub xeev tag nrho, cauliflower - cia siab rau lub neej yav tom ntej ci.
Txawm tias cov npe ntawm luav hnav lub ntsiab lus zais cia: tus neeg nrhiav kev sib raug zoo, uas yog tus nrhiav kev ncaj ncees, tus kws qhia ntawv yog saib -SeSeker.
Zaj dab neeg hais txog ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub hwj chim tau luam tawm thawj zaug hauv Tebchaws Meskas, hauv Almana Metropol, ntxiv rau "Oh, Marat!". Tom kawg kuj yog fused: xyoo 1992, ib daim duab "tus neeg loj heev ntawm kev sib deev" tau luam tawm, qhov twg gennady khazanov ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb.
Cov kev ua haujlwm tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Fazil Iskander hauv xinesmas - "Chegemskaya Carmen" thiab "Bartman Adgur", luam tawm xyoo 1986 hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "chij".
Tus Kheej Lub Neej
Xyoo 1960, FAZIL Iskander Walkander sib yuav cov neeg hu paj huam Antonine Khelebnikova. Tus hluas nkauj tau hluas dua 11 xyoo, los ntawm tsev neeg ntse. Antonina thaum xub thawj thiab tsis lees paub tus txij nkawm hauv tsev neeg. Raws li Valery Novodvorskaya tau hais tias:
"Los ntawm lawv qhov kev sib txuas lus, txiv qaub zoo li yuav nruj thiab hissing zoo li champagne."Khanhabikov tau ua haujlwm ntawm Lub Chaw Tshawb Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Ministry of Peartment, Editor hauv cov ntawv sau nyiaj txiag. Txawm tias ua ntej lub rooj sib tham nrog ISKANDER, tab sis thawj zaug kuv tau ua rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau lub tsev hais plaub rau lub tsev hais plaub rau lub tsev hais plaub rau lub tsev hais plaub rau kev sau khoom "daus thiab txiv hmab".
Tus ntxhais Marina los ntawm kev kawm ntawv Felologolog, sau cov duab. Hauv nees nkaum xyoo, xyoo 1983, Leej Tub yug los. Alexander kawm tiav los ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm cov ntawv sau xov xwm, tab sis tsis ua haujlwm hauv qhov tshwj xeeb, xaiv cov kev ntsuas nyiaj txiag. Qee zaus sau cov dab neeg uas kuv nyiam pazil Abdulovich. Iskander nws tus kheej nyiam kev ua haujlwm ntawm Alexander Pushkin thiab Joseph broodsky, tej hauj lwm ntawm fyodor dostoevsky thiab Ivan bunin.
Tus kws sau ntawv tau ua kev cai raus dej, tau pab hauv cov txiv neej Alexander no, uas muaj feem ntau LED kev sib tham rau cov ncauj lus theological. Tom qab tua neeg, kaum xyoo tom qab, FAZIL tau coj Orthodoxy.
Tus kws sau ntawv ua haujlwm ntawm tus qub - ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv, nws tus kheej kev luam tawm sau, thiab txhua zaus lawv nce hauv ntim.
Kev tuag
Cov xyoo dhau los ntawm lub neej no, Fazil Iskander yog siv nyob rau hauv lub ze Moscow tus neeg pib thiab xav kom faus nws nyob ntawd. Tus kws sau ntawv tuag ntawm lub siab tsis ua haujlwm thaum Lub Xya Hli 2016.
Cov tub ceev xwm ntawm Abkhazia muaj ib tsev neeg thiab ze rau bury lub Iskander hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub peev ntawm lub nroog ntawm lub peev txheej - Sukhumi, tab sis lub ntsiab lus zoo kawg nkaus nws pom ntawm novodevichy toj ntxas hauv Moscow.
Bibliography
- Xyoo 1957 - "Roob Roob"
- 1961 - "Cov menyuam ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub"
- Xyoo 1964 - "thereenth hercules feat"
- Xyoo 1966 - "Tus Muaj Peev Xwm Yozotur"
- Xyoo 1970 - "Tsob Ntoo Me Nyuam"
- Xyoo 1971 - "Me Me Hnub"
- Xyoo 1973 - SANDRO los ntawm Chegema
- Xyoo 1979 - "Hauv qab Senyu Walnut"
- Xyoo 1983 - "Chik tiv thaiv"
- 1987 - "Rebinits thiab blows"
- 1988 - "Huag, marat!"
- 1990 - "Chaw Nres Tsheb"
- 1997 - "Sophic"