Biography
I-Fazil Iskander - I-Classic ebomini, ekuqondeni kwakhe, i-Abkhaz nefani yePersi, ukukhetha inkcubeko yaseRussia. I-proser ihluthwe ngaxeshanye nesipho esinelanga kunye nesipho esibuhlungu, kwiincwadi zakhe zisusa iifilimu kwaye zibeka izinto ezidlalayo. Imisebenzi yaseIskander ifundwa kuzo zonke iilwimi zaseYurophu. Ndiyabulela kwi-Peru, umhlaba uphela wadibana nelizwe elincinci, kodwa elinje nge-Abkhazia.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UTarzil Abdulovich wazalelwa ngentwasahlobo yowe-1929 eSukhmisi. Utat'omkhulu i-Ibrahim Iskander, I-Iran in Innen kwimvelaphi, yaseka enye yezityalo zokuqala ze-Abukhaz. Iimveliso zeshishini zakhiwe ezitratweni zedolophu. Ibrahim itshatile intombi yalapha eHamad, eyaqalisa ukuphatha ifama ebanzi emva kokusweleka kwentloko yosapho.
Unyana omkhulu ka-Abdul-Kerim watshata uLeli Deanovna Michelia. Umama wombhali ukhululekile, kwasekuqaleni kwilali yaseChegem. Ubuhle kunye nabantu beMalageland uMamandsland i-Iskander inyibilike kumabali eSandro ukusuka kwi-chegema. Intombi yaseGuli noonyana bakaFazil noFiri babonakala emtshatweni. Kwiminyaka elithoba ubudala, uFizil wayehlala ngaphandle kotata, wamthunyelwa kuIran, kwaye ababonanga omnye komnye. Umbhali wexesha elizayo waphakamisa izalamane zikanina.
E-chedime, bekukho ifama edibeneyo, ekhulayo iidiliya, icuba kunye nengqolowa, yayisebenza njengesikolo esineminyaka esibhozo. Emva kwemfazwe, emasimini aphi na abantu bonke bebemi bemi, kwaba nzima ukuhlala, iintsapho zaqala ukufudukela kwindawo yokuhlala enkulu ye-jigger. Ingubo yokuphuma kwakhe xa esikolweni endaweni yokufundisa kulwimi lwase-Abkhazi wazisa uqeqesho eGeorgia. Bantwana, begqibe iBanga le-8, bafudukela kwisixeko saseTkvamparbhedd okanye beshiywe kwaphela.
Imisebenzi yombhali-ngeendlela ezininzi umzekeliso webhayiloji yakhe, ke i-Iskander ayizange ibhalile iimemo. I-fazil eneembeko iphumelele kwisikolo saseRussia, emva koko waya eMoscow ukuba angene kwintanda-bulumko yeyunivesithi. Ibali le-mendolin yegolide engekho njani kwiDolophu yaseMoscow State, ukuthuka izimvo zabavavanyi malunga nobuzwe, umbhali ochazwe kwibali lebali lebali.
Kwindawo enye, uFilzil wachaza ukuba kutheni eba ngumfundi wethala lethala lethala lethala lethala leencwadi, apho kwakuqala khona umbhali wasekhaya kwifolge - iZiko loNcwadi elibizwa ngokuba yiGorgey:
"Kulula kwaye kuya kuba nengeniso ngakumbi ukubhala iincwadi ngokwakho kunokujongana nokhuphiswano lwabanye."Uncwadi
I-Iskander iphumelele kwiZiko ngo-1954, kodwa kwiBennment Bench Chanse yapapasha imibongo yokuqala, yayikholelwa ukuba babeza kubabhalisa. Iyonke iAbdulovich ikhutshwe ziingqokelela zezingo ze-poeti ezisithoba. Ngo-1957, incwadi yokuqala yapapashwa - "iindlela zentaba". Emva kwexesha, xa i-Iskander yatshintshelwa kwiprose, wathi wenza phantsi kwempembelelo yoBuchule bukaIsake, xa wayeqonda ukuba akukho mahluko phakathi kwemibongo kunye neproses.
Umfundi ophumelele kwiZiko loncwadi alufumana amava omsebenzi wentathelwana kunye nomsebenzi wokuhlela kwiKrevdapers kunye ne-brreansk korsomilets, kwisebe le-Abkhaz lendlu yokupapasha ilizwe. Amabali, iinoveli kunye nebali likaSkander lapapashwa kumaphepha eenguqulelo "zotshintsho", "ubutsha", "i-BonFire".
Yonke into ebhaliweyo yozuko ifunyenwe emva kopapasho ngo-1966 ibali "le-conneting ye-kotsati". Umsebenzi weminyaka engamashumi amathathu wafumana isikrini se-movie kumdlalo ohle ngegama elifanayo nokuthatha inxaxheba kwe-Armen Dzhighan Isicatshulwa esivela kuyo - "Ukuqalwa kulungile, kodwa kungekuphela kwifama yethu" - yajika yaba yindlela yokwala ukutya, kodwa ukwala ukutya okunezilingo ezimfutshane, eziyingozi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zovavanyo.
Ibali lebali le-USSR le-USSR le-USSR le-USSR le-USSR, kodwa yayingamangalisi into yokuba ulwimi lwe-Ezopov ulwimi lwe-E-khrushchev lwe-KHrushChev "lovavanyo lwe-Corn lwe-Corn.
I-Intanethi ifumene ibali malunga nentombazana enamathele "ethembekileyo", iBasi leNgqondo yengqondo "malunga ne-intelligio" malunga nendoda ye-intelliigio kunye nogonyamo olunobuqhetseba nowama-Aphazil nguMakhulu waseFozil, ongubani baphangile usapho ukuba basothuke kangangokuba wavula ekuhleni ukuba yintoni
Indalo ye-Iskander Tazil iyindalo kwisitayile esikhethekileyo. Ke, i-sandro evela kwi-chegema "ayisiyo inoveli nje, kodwa umjikelo omtsha, osebenza kuwo umbhali osebenza kwishumi leminyaka. Abanayo i-biline yebali eliqhelekileyo, kodwa umntu ophambili. Umbhali akawaphikisi amagorha emisebenzi yenkqubo ekhoyo yezopolitiko ekhoyo kwaye walawula ngelo xesha i-niravam. Ngokuchasene noko, bakwindalo kunye ne-stare ye-hercant kunye ne-sarcasm kunye nogqithiso olufanelekileyo lwendalo yesizwe kunye nentetho ephilayo.
Ngokusekwe kwenye inoveli-"ii-nir zeValtasar" - ifilimu yamanqaku yasuswa, apho uphawu lwe-sandro chegemsky lumenyiwe kwi-stalin. I-ValtasArov pir, njengoko uyazi, - iyelenqe lebhayibhile, intsingiselo yolonwabo oluxhaphakileyo ngengxaki. Ngokwebali lenoveli kunye nefilimu, isenzo senzeka ngo-1935, kwaye emva kwesidlo, abathathi-nxaxheba bayo baqala ukunyamalala.
Ngokufanayo, akukho fabul yodwa kunye nenkukhu yobuntwana. I-rove inoveli enenkwenkwe egama linguChi, umntwana, kodwa ekuphiliseni ubomi, isigqibo sokuthatha isigqibo sokuba singabikho semisebenzi yabantwana kunye nendlela yokubekwa kwabantwana ngale ndlela. Ibali "Hercules yeshumi elinesithathu feat" ukusukela ekuqaleni kwaye kude kube sekupheleni kudutyulwe ngumsindo, kodwa kuyala. Umfundi uyaphakanyiswa-ukuba enyanisweni kukho i-feat, njengakwicala elinye nenkalipho kunye nesibindi zidityanisiwe.
Ngobomi bamagorha emisebenzi, i-Iskander iqiqa ngeekhonsepthi ezizukileyo, isidima, imbeko, ubulungisa. Umbhali usebenzise i-allegory kunye ne-grostee. Ubukumkani beenyoka "kwimivundla kunye neminquba" yimeko yomophini, i-cauliflower - ithemba kwikamva eliqaqambileyo.
Amagama emivundla anxibe intsingiselo efihlakeleyo: Ukufunyanwa - umkhweli wenyani kunye nenyaniso, ubuchule - obengezelekileyo, owayekholwe ukufezekisa indawo yokumkani, owayejongeka ngathi ngumfundi ongumfundisi, umfundisi-ntsapho wakhe -Niker.
Ibali malunga neziseko zamandla lapapashwa okokuqala e-United States, eAlmana-Metropol, kunye "oh, marat!". Le yokugqibela yayigqityiwe: Ngo-1992, umfanekiso "omkhulu we-gigant omkhulu wesondo esikhulu" wapapashwa, apho iGennady Khazanov idlale eyona ndima iphambili.
Olona phawu lubalaseleyo lwe-fazil iskander kwi-cinema - "amasela emthethweni" ngokusekwe kumabali "e-Chegemskaya kaCarmen", epapashwe ngo-1986 kwi-1996 kwi-1996 kwi-1996 kwi-phegi "yebheji".
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-1960, uFazil Iskander utshatile i-Peetess Antonine KHlebnikova. Intombazana yayingaphantsi kweminyaka eli-11, yavela kusapho olukhuni. U-Antonina ekuqaleni kwaye ngaphandle kwemeko yamkelwe inkosi kwintsapho. Njengoko i-valery novodvorskaya yatsho:
"Kunxibelelwano lwabo, i-lemonade ibonakala iqinile kwaye ishushu njenge-champagne."I-KHlebnikov isebenze kwiZiko loPhando lweCandelo loMphathiswa Wezamandla, umhleli kwiijenali zoqoqosho. Kwanangaphambi kwentlanganiso, ndabhala imibongo, kodwa okokuqala ndenza iziqhamo zenkundla yoluntu kuphela kumtshato wegolide: ngo-2011, amaqabane akhuphe ingqokelela "yekhephu kunye ne-pic".
Intombi yaseMarina nguMfundisi hilogist, ubhala imifanekiso. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini, ngo-1983, uNyana wazalwa. UAlexander uphumelele kwi-facultys yobuntatheli, kodwa akazange asebenze ekodwa, wakhetha ubukhulu bezemali. Ngamaxesha athile wabhala amabali endiyithanda kakhulu i-phazil abdulovich. I-Iskander ngokwakhe wayewuthanda umsebenzi ka-Alexander Puykin noJoseph Bhufsky, imisebenzi yeFyodor Dostoevsky kunye ne-Ivan Bunin.
Unyana wombhali wabhaptizwa, wancedwa kule mimandla i-Alexander, ekwanti awayedla ngokukhokela kuye ityhila iincoko ngezihloko zenkolo. Emva kokubulawa komfundisi, kwiminyaka elishumi kamva, uFilzil wathabatha i-orthodoxy.
Umbhali wasebenza ngendlela yakudala-kumchwethezi wechwetheza, imibhalo yakhe yokuposa, kwaye ixesha ngalinye banda kwivolumu.
Ukufa
Ishumi leminyaka nje yobomi, i-fazil iskander echithwe kwi-moscow ekufuphi ne-moscow idrolle kwaye inqwenela ukumngcwaba apho. Umbhali wabulawa kukusilela kwentliziyo ngoJulayi ka-2016.
Abasemagunyeni baka-Abkhazia bacela usapho kwaye basondelelene nokungcwaba i-Iskander embindini wedolophu - uSukhumi, kodwa owokugqibela wayifumana kumangcwaba e-novoddevichy eMoscow.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1957 - "iindlela zentaba"
- Ngo-1961 - "Bantwana boLwandle Olumnyama"
- Ngo-1964 - "herculentyhleent feccules yeshumi
- Ngo-1966 - "i-conterting ye-kotsatur"
- Ngo-1970 - "Umthi wobuntwana"
- Ngo-1971 - "Usuku lweChick"
- Ngo-1973 - uSandro ukusuka chegema
- Ngo-1979 - "phantsi kwe-seyu walnut"
- Ngo-1983 - "Ukukhuselwa kweChik"
- Ngo-1987 - "Imivundla kunye nokubetha"
- Ngo-1988 - "oh, marat!"
- Ngo-1990 - "Ukupaka umntu"
- 1997 - "Sophic"