Ubuzima
Fazil Iskander - Classic mu buzima, kumenyekana kwe, kumenyekana kwe, kumenyekanisha Igihugu cy'Ubuperesi, ahitamo umuco w'Uburusiya. Prosese yari afite icyarimwe hamwe nimpano yizuba kandi ibabaje, kubitabo bye bikuraho firime hanyuma ushireho ibitaramo. Imirimo ya Iskander irasomwa mu ndimi zose zu Burayi. Ndashimira Peru ye, isi yose yahuye na nto, ariko igihugu nk'iki Abkhazia.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Fazil Abdulovich yavutse mu mpeshyi yo mu 1929 muri Sukhumi. Sogokuru Ibrahim Iskander, Irani ikomoka, yashinze imwe mu bimera bya mbere bya Abkhaz. Ibicuruzwa by'urugo byubatswe mu mihanda yo mu mujyi. Ibrahim yashakanye n'umukunzi waho Hamsad, watangiye gucunga umurima munini nyuma y'urupfu rw'umuryango w'umuryango.
Umuhungu w'imfura Abdul-Kerim yashakanye na Leli Hasanovna Michelia. Nyina w'umwanditsi arasambanya, mu ntangiriro kuva mu mudugudu wa Chegem. Ubwiza n'abantu bo muri Malaget Patherland Iskander yashongeshejwe mu nkuru za Sandro kuva Chegema. Umukobwa wa Guli n'abahungu ba Fazil na FIRI bagaragaraga ku bashakanye. Mu gusaza w'imyaka icyenda, Fazil yagumye adafite se, yoherejwe i Irani, ariko ntibabonana. Umwanditsi w'ejo hazaza yazamuye bene wabo.
Muri Chegeme, hari umurima rusange, ukura inzabibu, itabi n'ibigori, byakoraga nk'ishuri ry'umwaka umunani. Nyuma y'intambara, mu mirima y'abantu hafi ya bose bagumye, kandi ku misozi byaje kugorana kubaho, imiryango yatangiye kwimukira mu gutura byingenzi bya Jigger. Umuvumo wongerewe uburemere iyo ku ishuri aho kwigisha ururimi ba Abkhaz zatangijwe amahugurwa muri Jeworujiya. Bana, barangije icyiciro cya 8, bimukiye mu mujyi wa Tkvarbed cyangwa basigaye na gato.
Ibikorwa byumwanditsi - muburyo bwinshi urugero rwaografiya ye, nifuka rero nikander ntiyigeze yandika. Fazil hamwe n'icyubahiro yarangije amashuri y'Uburusiya, nyuma ajya i Moscou kugira ngo yinjire muri filozofiya yo muri kaminuza y'abarimu. Inkuru yukuntu umudari wa zahabu itafungiye muri kaminuza ya leta ya Moscou, atuka ibitekerezo byabashakashatsi kubyerekeye ubwenegihugu, umwanditsi wavuzwe mu nkuru yinkuru inkuru.
Ahantu hamwe, Fazil yasobanuye impamvu yabaye umunyeshuri w'ikigo cy'Isomero, aho umwanditsi wo mu rugo yahise ahindurwa mu huriro - Ikigo cy'ubuvanganzo cyitiriwe Gorky:
"Biroroshye kandi byunguka kwandika ibitabo kuruta guhangana n'ibyiciro by'abandi."Ubuvanganzo
Iskander yarangije ikigo mu 1954, ariko ku ntebe y'abanyeshuri yashyize ahagaragara ibisigo bya mbere, bizeraga ko bazabyandika. Phazil Abdulovich yarekuwe n'ibisigo icyenda. Mu 1957, igitabo cya mbere cyasohotse - "inzira z'umusozi". Nyuma, igihe Ishinderi yazimya Prose, yavuze ko yakoze iyobowe n'ibirwa bya Isakab Babeli, ubwo yamenyaga ko nta tandukaniro riri hagati y'imivugo na prose.
Abahawe impaka z'ikigo cy'ubuvanganzo babonye uburambe bwabanyamakuru ndetse n'amabwiriza mu binyamakuru bya Kurskaya Pravda na Bryay Komomots, mu ishami rya Abkhaz ryo gutangaza inzu ya Leta. Inkuru, ibitabo n'inkuru ya Iskander byasohotse ku mpapuro z '"guhindura", "urubyiruko", "mu cyumweru," bonfire ".
Umwanditsi w'icyubahiro cyose wabonye nyuma yo gutangazwa mu 1966 inkuru ya "Inyenyeri ya Kozotra". Akazi mu myaka mirongo itatu wabonye kwigira umuntu kuri ecran ya firime muri comied on nyirizina rimwe hamwe nitabiriwe na Arumen Dzigarkhanyanyan na Faraday imbuto. Amagambo yaturutseho - "Gutangiza ni byiza, ariko ntabwo ari iryamba ryacu rusange" - yahindutse uburyo bwikinyabupfura, ariko bwanga kwanga kugaragara mugihe gito, biteje akaga, kandi rimwe na rimwe bitumvikana.
Inkuru yashyize ahagaragara igihembo cya Leta ya USSR mu gihembo, ariko ntibyatangaje kubona ubusobanuro butinyutse ku rurimi rwa Ezipov rwa KHrushchev rwa Ezopov ruvuga "ubushakashatsi bw'ibigori" bwo kumenyekana icyo gihe ntibwakiriwe.
Kumenyekana kumugaragaro byakiriye inkuru ivuga ku mukobwa wo mu bubabare kandi w'inyangamugayo ", inkuru ya sofisiye" mu mazi "ya marine", aho nyirabune na nyirabukuru na nyirabukuru wa Fazil, ninde yambuye umuryango ubwoba ko yafunguye kumugaragaro icyo
Kurema kwa Iskander Fazil ni muburyo bwihariye. Rero, "Sandro ukomoka kuri Chegema" ntabwo ari igitabo gusa, ahubwo ni urureshya rushya, umwanditsi yakoze imyaka icumi. Ntabwo bafite inkuruneri isanzwe, ariko imico imwe nyamukuru. Umwanditsi ntabwo arwanya intwari z'imirimo ya politiki isanzwe kandi yategetse icyo gihe Nravam. Ibinyuranye nibyo, bihuriweho na elegant samire na sarcasm hamwe hamwe no kwimura neza kamere yigihugu nijambo rizima.
Hashingiwe kuri kimwe mu gitabo - "Ibinyobwa bya Valtasar" - Imyandikire y'ibiranga yakuweho, aho imico nyamukuru ya Sandro Chegemsky yatumiwe mu birori. Valtasarov Pir, nkuko ubizi, - Umugambi wo muri Bibiliya, bisobanura kwinezeza cyane kuri eregi ikibazo. Dukurikije inkuru y'Igitabo na Filime, ibikorwa bibaye mu 1935, na nyuma y'ibirori, abitabiriye amahugurwa batangira kuzimira.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, nta fabul imwe n'inkoko. Igitabo cyintwari ni umuhungu witwa Chic, umwana, ariko mu gukiza ubuzima, gufata icyemezo ntabwo ari imirimo y'abana n'inzira yo gushinga mu mwuka muri ubu buryo. Inkuru "Hercules ya cumi na gatatu feat" kuva mu ntangiriro kandi kugeza imperuka irasenyutse, ariko yigisha cyane. Umusomyi yazuwe - mubyukuri hariho feat, nko mumuntu umwe ubugwari nubutwari bihujwe.
Ku buzima bw'intwari z'imirimo, Iskander yatekereje ku myumvire nk'iyo nk'icyubahiro, icyubahiro, kubaha, ubutabera. Umwanditsi yakoresheje neza akoreshwa inzego na groteque. Ubwami bw'inzoka mu "nkwavu n'ibyumba" ni Leta Yumucucike, Amaduka - Ibyiringiro by'ejo hazaza.
Ndetse n'amazina y'inkwavu yambaraga ibisobanuro byihishe: yatekerejweho - gukomera kw'ukuri n'ukuri - byasaga - umushakashatsi w'ubutabera, umwarimu we arasa -Seze.
Inkuru yerekeye Ibanze y'ibanze yasohotse bwa mbere muri Amerika, muri Metropol ya Almana, kimwe na "Oh, Marat!". Aba nyuma na bo barahujwe: mu 1992, ishusho "igihangange gito cy'igitsina kinini" cyasohotse, aho Gennady Khazanov yakinnye uruhare runini.
Kuvugurura cyane imirimo ya Fazil Iskander muri cinema - "Abajura ba Carmen" na "Barman Adgur" na 1986, basohotse mu kinyamakuru "banner".
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu 1960, Fazil Iskander yashakanye na poetess Antonine Khlebnikova. Umukobwa yari akiri muto, yakomotse kumuryango wubwenge. Antonina yabanje kandi atamenyekanye umutware wuwo mwashakanye mumuryango. Nkuko Valery NovoDvorkaya yagize ati:
"Duhereye ku itumanaho, indimu bisa nkaho bikabije kandi bisa na champagne."Khlebnikov yakoraga mu kigo cy'ubushakashatsi cya Minisiteri y'ingufu, umwanditsi mu binyamakuru by'ubukungu. Ndetse na mbere y'inama na ISKAANDER, nanditse ibisigo, ariko ku nsinga yagejeje mu rukiko ku buhanga bwa Zahabu gusa: Mu mwaka wa 2011, muri 2011, abashakanye baremye "urubura n'inzabibu.
Mukobwa Marina na Philologue Uburezi, yandika amashusho. Mu myaka makumyabiri, mu 1983, umuhungu yavutse. Alegizandere yarangije amashami y'itangazamakuru, ariko ntiyakora mu kigero, yahisemo urugero rw'imari. Rimwe na rimwe byanditse inkuru nakunze Phazil abdulovich. Iskander ubwe yakundaga akazi ka Alexander Fush na Joseph Brodesky, imirimo ya Fyodor Dostoevsky na Ivan Bunin.
Umuhungu w'umwanditsi yarabatijwe, afashwa muri uyu mugabo wa Alegizandere, hamwe na hamwe bayobora ibiganiro ku ngingo za tewolojiya. Nyuma y'ubwicanyi bwa padiri, nyuma yimyaka icumi, Fazil yafashe orotodogisi.
Umwanditsi yakoze ku buryo bwa kera - ku imashini yandika, inyandiko ze zo gusohora, kandi igihe cyose biyongereye mubunini.
Urupfu
Imyaka mirongo iheruka yubuzima, Fazil Iskander yakoresheje mu musozi wa Moscou ihegereye kandi yifuza kumushyingurira aho. Umwanditsi yapfuye azize umutima muri Nyakanga 2016.
Abayobozi ba Abuziya batangaga umuryango kandi bafunga gushyingura Iskander hagati mu murwa mukuru - Sukhumi, ariko kunonosorwa kwanyuma yasanze ku irimbi rya Novoevichy i Moscou.
Bibliografiya
- 1957 - "Inzira z'umusozi"
- 1961 - "Abana b'Inyanja Yirabura"
- 1964 - "Hercules ya cumi na kabiri feat"
- 1966 - "Inyenyeri ya KozoTur"
- 1970 - "Igiti cy'ubwana"
- 1971 - "Umunsi w'ikiko"
- 1973 - Sandro kuva Chegema
- 1979 - "Munsi ya Senyu walnut"
- 1983 - "Chik Kurinda"
- 1987 - "Inkwavu kandi ikubitwa"
- 1988 - "Yoo, Marat!"
- 1990 - "Guhagarika Umuntu"
- 1997 - "SOPHIC"