Biography
Fazil iskander - Classic muhupenyu hwake, pane zvake anozivikanwa, Abkhazi neiyo Surname yePersia, nehana kusarudza tsika yeRussia. Proser aive panguva imwe chete neyako chipo chezuva uye zvinosiririsa, pane mabhuku ake kubvisa mafirimu uye akaisa zviitiko. Mabasa eIskander anoverengwa mumitauro yese yeEurope. Nemhaka yePeru rake, nyika yese yakasangana mudiki, asi nyika yakadaro Abhkazia.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Fazil abdulovich akaberekerwa muchirimo cha1929 muSukhumi. Sekuru Ibrahim Iskander, Iranian iri mavambo, yakatanga imwe yedambudziko rekutanga rebakhki. Zvigadzirwa zvebhizinesi zvakavaka mumigwagwa yeguta. Ibrahim akaroora musikana wemo Hamsad, uyo akatanga kubata purazi rakakura mushure mekufa kwemusoro wemhuri.
Mwanakomana wedangwe Abdul-Kerim akaroora Leli Hasanovna Micoria. Amai vemunyori vane basa, rakatanga kubva mumusha weChegem. Runako uye vanhu veMalage Motherland iskander yakanyungudutswa mune nyaya dzeSandro kubva kuChegema. Mukunda waGuli nevanakomana vaFaziri naFiri vakaonekwa mumuchato. Pazera remakore mapfumbamwe, Fazil akaramba asina baba, akaendeswa kuIran, uye havana kuonana. Munyori webro akarera hama dzaamai vake.
Mucherekedzi, pakanga paine chirwere chakabatanidzwa, chirambiringa chirambiringa, fodya uye chibage, vakashanda sechikoro chechembere. Hondo yapera, mumunda wavakaramba vari vanhu vese vevanhu, uye mumakomo zvakave zvakaoma kurarama, mhuri dzakatanga kutamira kunzvimbo yekutanga yaive pedyo neJigger. Kupfuura kwekunze kwakawedzera kana kuchikoro pane kudzidzisa kumutauro weAbkhazi kwakaunzwa kudzidziswa muGeorgian. Vana, apedza giredhi re8, rakatamira kuguta reTkvarbed kana kusiiwa zvachose.
Mabasa emunyori - munzira dzakawanda mufananidzo weiyo biography yake, saka Iskander haana kunyora memoirs. Fazil ane kukudzwa kwakapedza chikoro cheRussia, mushure mekunge aenda kuMoscow kuti apinde muhunyanzvi hweYunivhesiti yeCustomer. Nyaya yekuti iyo mendure yegoridhe haina kuitirwa muMoscow State University, ichituka zvakataurwa nevanoongorora nezverudzi, munyori wakatsanangurwa munyaya nyaya nyaya yenyaya.
Munzvimbo imwe chete iyoyo, Fazil akatsanangura chikonzero nei akazova mudzidzi weraibhurari Institute, uko munyori wepamba washandurwa muforogo - iyo Artutary Intute yainzi Gorky:
"Zviri nyore uye zvinobatsira kunyora mabhuku pachako pane kubata nekugadziriswa kwevamwe."Mabhuku
Iskander akapedza kudzidza kubva kuInstitute muna 1954, asi pabhenji emudzidzi akaburitsa nhetembo dzekutanga, vaitenda kuti vaizoanyora. Yese phazil abdulovich inoburitswa neine mapfumbamwe ekuunganidza nhetembo. Muna 1957, bhuku rekutanga rakabudiswa - "nzira dzemakomo". Gare gare, apo Iskander ichichinjira, akataura kuti akazviita pasi pesimba rekusimbisa Isaka, paakaziva kuti pakanga pasina mutsauko pakati penhetembo uye prose.
Anopedza kudzidza Bhaibheri akawana ruzivo rwevatori venhau uye basa rekunyora muKursaya pravda mapepanhau uye Bryank Komsomolets, muBryank Komsomomo, muBranch Nhau idzi, zvinyorwa uye nyaya yeIskander zvakabudiswa pamapeji e "shanduko" editions, "pwere", "vhiki," Bonfire ".
Wese-Union Mbiri Munyori akawana bhuku racho mushure mekuburitswa muna 1966 nyaya ye "boka reKozotra". Basa rakati mumakore makumi matatu rakawana mudenga remuvhi remuvhi mumushonga wezita rimwe chete rekutora chikamu cheArmen Dzhigkhanhanhanhan uye Farayy Mbeu. Quote kubva pairi - "Iko kutanga kwakanaka, asi kwete kune yedu yepapurazi" - yakashanduka kuita chimiro cherunyararo, asi kurambidza kuramba kwakapfupika, kune njodzi, uye dzimwe nguva kuedza kusinganzwisisike.
Iyo nyaya yakaiswa mushure meUSSR STATULDE MUCHENJERI, asi zvaisashamisika kuti tsananguro yakadaro yemutauro weEzopov "yechibage" chekucherechedzwa hachina kugamuchirwa.
Ruzhinji Ruzhinji rwakagamuchira nyaya pamusoro pemusikana ane ruzivo uye akatendeseka "Sophiio-Soppic" Scopicio "nezveMugodhi wehungwaru" pamusoro peiyo ambuya uye ambuya vake uye vaambuya navazuya vaGazil, ndiani akabira mhuri kugumbuka kuti akavhura pachena chii
Kusikwa kweIskander Fazil kunowanikwa mune yakakosha maitiro. Saka, "Sandro kubva kuKegema" haangori bhuku, asi kutenderera idzva, pamusoro peizvo munyori akashanda asina makore gumi nerimwe. Ivo havana nyaya yakajairika, asi chimiro chikuru. Iye munyori haapikisi magamba emabasa ehurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika aripo uye akabata ushe panguva iyoyo iyo Nravam. Kusiyana neizvozvo, ivo vanozvishandira vane legant satire uye sarcasm pamwe chete nekuchinjana chaiko kwechimiro chenyika uye kutaura kwekurarama.
Kubva pane imwe yeiyo Novel - "Mufirimu waValtasar" - firimu raValtasar "- firimu rakajeka rakabviswa, umo mukuru weSandro Chegemsky akakokwa kumafaro kuStalin. Valtasaverov Pir, sezvaunoziva, - zano reBhaibheri, zvichireva kuti runyararo rusingaperi kune yeavo dambudziko. Maererano nenyaya yebhuku uye iyo firimu, chiitiko ichi chinoitika muna 1935, uye mushure memabiko, vatori vechikamu vanotanga kunyangarika.
Saizvozvo, hapana mumwe chete wekutya uye huku mwana. NOLGE NOLL mukomana anonzi chiC, mwana, asi mukurapa kwehupenyu, mashandiro asiri iwo mabasa evana uye nzira yekuumbwa kwemweya nenzira iyi. Iyo nyaya "yegumi nematatu Hercules feat" kubva pakutanga uye kumagumo anoumbwa nekuseka, asi anodzidzisa chaizvo. Muverengi anomutswa - icho mune chaicho kune chinyowani, seyomunhu mumwe munhu anotyisa uye ushingi hunosanganiswa.
Noupenyu hwemagamba emabasa, iskander akafunga nezvemakona akadaro sekukudzwa, rukudzo, ruremekedzo, kururamisa. Munyori akaunza wakashandisa allegory uye grotesque. Humambo hwenyoka mu "tsuro uye matumba" nyika yezasi, cauliflower - tariro yeramangwana rakajeka.
Kunyangwe mazita eRababhiya akapfeka Zvinoreva Zvakavanzika: Kuzvibata - Iyo Crawler yechokwadi nezvokwadi, hunyanzvi - iyo ADaptist, uyo akakwanisa kuwana nzvimbo yemambo, airatidzika senge - anotsvaga kururamisa, iye mudzidzisi wake anotaridzika -seeker.
Nyaya iri pamusoro peiyo yekutanga simba yakatanga kuburitswa muUnited States, muAlmana Metropol, pamwe ne "o, marat!". Wokupedzisira akaisirwawo: Muna 1992, mufananidzo "hofisi diki inofara nebonde rakakura" rakabudiswa, genNanady khazanov akaridza basa guru.
Kuzivikanwa kwakanyanya kuzivikanwa kwemabasa aFazil iskander mu cinema - "mbavha iri mumutemo" zvichienderana nenyaya dze "chegemskaya carmen" uye "Bartman ADGUR"
Hupenyu Hwako
Muna 1960, Fazil iskander akawana nhetembo Antonine Khlebnikova. Musikana uyu aive mudiki kwemakore gumi nematatu, akabva kumhuri yakangwara. Antonina pakutanga uye asina mhosva akaziva murume / mukadzi wawakaroora mumhuri. Sezvo valery Novodvororskaya akati:
"Kubva pakutaurirana kwavo, lemonade inoita kunge yakasimba uye inoridza mhirizhonga semamhanzi."KHELBNIKIOV akashanda paiyo gadziridzo Institute of Sisitori yesimba, mupepeti mune zvehupfumi dzemagazini. Kunyangwe pamberi pemusangano, ini ndakanyora nhetembo, asi kekutanga ndakazviita michero yekuvanzika kudare remutungamiri kumuchato weGoridhe chete: Muna 2011, vakaburitsa kuunganidzwa kwechibatanidzwa "chando uye mazambiringa".
Mwanasikana Marina neAdzidzo Philologist, anonyora mifananidzo. Mumakore makumi maviri, muna 1983, mwanakomana akaberekwa. Alexander akapedza kudzidza kubva kuChinyorwa chenhau, asi haana kushanda mune nyanzvi, akasarudza chiyero chemari. Dzimwe nguva akanyora nyaya dzandaida chaizvo phazil abdulovich. Iskander pachake aida basa raAlexander pushkin uye Joseph Brodsky, mabasa eFyodor Dostoevsky and Ivan Bunin.
Mwanakomana wemunyori akabhabhatidzwa, akabatsirwa mune ino varume veArexander, naani anowanzoita hurukuro dzezvinyorwa zvechitendero. Mushure mekuponda kwemupristi, makore gumi gare gare, Fazil akatora Orthodoxy.
Munyori akashanda nenzira yekare - pane typewriter, yake yekudzokorora zvinyorwa, uye nguva imwe neimwe yavawedzera muhuwandu.
Rufu
Makumi emakore apfuura ehupenyu, Fazil Iskander akapedza muPedyo neMoscow akatengesa uye akashuva kumuviga ipapo. Iye munyori akafa nemwoyo kukundikana muna Chikunguru 2016.
Zviremera zvaAbhishia vakapa mhuri uye pedyo nekuviga iyo iskander pakati peguta guru - Sukhumi, asi kuderera kwekupedzisira kwaakawana paNovderevichy Cemetery muMoscow.
BHAIBHERI
- 1957 - "nzira dzemakomo"
- 1961 - "Vana veGungwa dema"
- 1964 - "Vatatu Hercules Feat"
- 1966 - "Boka Rinoenda kuKozotur"
- 1970 - "Muti wedu"
- 1971 - "Chiedza Chikuda"
- 1973 - Sandro kubva Chegema
- 1979 - "Pasi peSinyu walnut"
- 1983 - "Chik chika"
- 1987 - "Matsime uye Anovhuvhuta"
- 1988 - "Ah, Marat!"
- 1990 - "Kupaka Kwemunhu"
- 1997 - "Sophic"