Biography
"... Ndifunde ngolangazelelo i-APEAAN, kwaye iCicero ayizange ifunde," Esi sicatshulwa sivela e-EnGegenia Uniongin Enkosi kwiNkqubo yesikolo yaziwa phantse yonke iRussia.Ngelishwa, ibali ligcine ulwazi oluncinci malunga nobomi be-Luileon, nangona kunjalo kwaye ulwazi olukhoyo lwanele ukuba luqonde - i-classic biography yanele ukuba ibe yiminyaka emininzi yobuchule.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Iminyaka yolwazi oluthembekileyo ngobomi, i-Apulean yayingagcinwanga, ke yonke ingcaciso malunga noMbhali kukhethwa ngokukhethekileyo kwinkundla yamatyala ukususa izityholo zobugqwirha.
Namhlanje, unyaka wokuzalwa kuka-Apulela uthathwa njengeminyaka engama-124. NS. I-rituit yexesha elizayo kwaye intanda-bulumko yazalwa kwintsapho yendoda ehlonelwayo-nguyise wayeligosa eManavre (ngoku isixeko se-algeria kwaye sibizwa ngokuba yiMdoueuritush). Kuyaziwa ukuba, ngaphandle komcombo, kolunye usapho kwabakho omnye unyana.
EMadavre, APuli wafunda iminyaka yokuqala, emva koko umfana wasiya kwi-carthage ukuze aqhubeke nemfundo kwibala le-Rhetoritor. Malunga nalo mbhali wedolophu ukhumbule ubushushu. Ngelo xesha, i-carthage yayiliziko lenkcubeko, elincinci apho iRoma iMivuzo.
Emva kokusweleka kuka-Andeli nomntakwabo basizuza njengelifa, nokuba akukho makhulu kakhulu, kodwa kwanele ukuba ngumbhali ezaneleyo ukuya eAthene. Apho, uLouchiescececescececece ukuba baqhubeke nezifundo zabo, njengoko eso sixeko, ngelo xesha sasingenazopolitiko, sasixatyiswa njengendawo yenkcubeko ephezulu. Ngelo xesha, wakhusela abantu abaselula kwaphela kwiGrisi ekhutshelwe eAthene ukuba bafunde kwizilwanyana ezihlonitshwayo, nangona ixesha lama-Antonin lalilixesha elinzima lesayensi.
EAthene, uPuli waqala ukuzibeka njengesithandi-sobulumko, nangona wayeqhelene nemijelo yefilosofi eyaziwayo.
Ukuhambahamba kweli lizwe banika abantu abancinci ithuba lokuqhelana nentanda-bulumko kuphela. Endleleni, wafumana amanani enkolo, wabukela ubomi beli hlelo kwaye akazange akutyeshele inxaxheba kweli cala lobomi.
Ukongeza kwimfundo, ukuhamba kwavumela umbhali wexesha elizayo ukwandisa iindawo ezazisenziwa kamva ukuya kwizibonelelo zokuyila. U-Apulela waphefumlela ngaphandle koncwadi kuphela, kwiminyaka yokufunda wayenomdla kwimigca eyahlukeneyo - i-jometri, amayeza, umculo.
Emva kokuba bezigqibile izifundo zaKhe eGrisi, uLuciya waya eRoma, apho kusekho kwiminyaka eliqela wafundela ulwimi lwesiLatin kunye nezakhono eziphuculiweyo kwi-rhetoric. Ngokutsho kwemithombo ethile, ngelo xesha, uAndeli wayebandakanyeke ngokubhala iintetho zezoburhulumente.
ERoma, uLucius wajoyina ukuhamba, oko kubizwa ngokuba sisisu sesibini. Abafundisi-ntsapho abamlandelayo babezibandakanya ekuthinjweni, kwaye bahlawulelwa ingqalelo eyodwa kwi-exocing. Emva koko kwakuphembelela indlela yoncwadi ye-Apulean, imikhwa ye-Archaissic yahlula kuyo, yinkosi ngayo intetho yemisebenzi yombhali intetho yekhaya kwaye iyazithemba.
Indalo
Ngokwemisebenzi ye-APULEAN, eye yafika ekuloo xesha, i-novelty "ye-metamorphosis", okanye, njengoko zahlukile, "i-esile yegolide". Akwaziwa xa umsebenzi wawubhaliwe ngokuchanekileyo, abaphandi abahlukeneyo bengobuchule bombhali (i-150s) nasemva kwexesha (170-180-E).
Omnye umxholo weembambano ezihambelana "ne-metamorphosis" - imithombo yolwazi ebhalwe kuyo inoveli. Iinguqulelo ziqhelekile ukuba uAndeli waphefumlelwa ngamabali emiletzy, akazange alondoloze lo msebenzi, otyholwa ngokuqhelekileyo. Umthombo wesibini onokubakho ubizwa ngokuba ngumsebenzi weLuki kwi-TATR, ubuntu, inyani yento engaqinisekisi.
"I-Metamorphosis" ixelele malunga ne-adventures kunye nokungaguqukiyo kwempahla enye yokuhlamba iimpahla, okhuselekileyo nenomsindo kwiRoma. Ukuzihlaziya okungasebenziyo ngamafutha omlingo, iqhawe lenoveli lijika laba yi-esile kwaye lisebenzise ubomi obungalunganga kwesilwanyana ixesha elide, sitshintsha abanini kwaye sibukele zonke izinto ezinokwenzeka kunye nokugcina izinto ezinokwenzeka zoluntu kunye nokuzithoba koluntu.
Inoveli ibhaliwe ngokuqinileyo ngokuqinileyo, kwaye umbhali usebenzisa amazwi aphelelwe lixesha "kwi-metamorphosississississis". Kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi zenjongo zokubhala umsebenzi. Ngokutsho kwesona, yindlela ethengiswe ngonyango: Ukuwohloka kobuntu kulandelwa ngokulula emsebenzini xa kungekho kuphakanyiswa ngentshayelelo.
Mhlawumbi "i-metamorphosississississississississis yibhayoloji ye-APuleua ngokwakhe. Njengawona mlinganiswa uphambili, wayezithanda iimfundiso ezingaqondakaliyo kwaye wanomdla kwinkundla yamatyala okrokrela ubugqwirha. Inguqulelo yesithathu ithi inoveli iyayiqonda i-rome yeRoma, i-Agaleu yanamhlanje.
Ixabiso elahlukileyo liboniswa ngokufakwa kohlobo lokuqulunqwa, apho i-jole yentsomi malunga ne-u-Amur kunye ne-psychory ifumene ukuthandwa okukhulu. Inoveli phakathi kwentombazana entle kunye nothando lothando kwikamva lwaphumelela kwinkcubeko yaseYurophu kwaye lwatolikwa kuzo zonke iintlobo zobugcisa, ukusuka ekupeyeni kumculo.
"IFlorida" ayisiyomsebenzi ozimeleyo, kwaye ingqokelela, ebandakanya iintetho ze-Apulean, ebhalwe kwisitayile sezilonda zesibini. Inguqulelo engaphelelanga yeendinyana ezingama-23 eziqokelelwe nguMbhali ongaziwayo wafikelelana namhla. Iindidi zinxulumene kuphela ngesitayile, akukho nxibelelaniso kumxholo. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, i-Florida ibonisa inkcubeko kunye nomsindo we-epochs apho i-alupe iyo.
"Uxolo" - Umsebenzi, oxabisekileyo kubabhali-mbali. Kule ntetho, iAnyouli ithetha ngobomi bakhe. Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga izingqinisiso "uxolelo" - isampulu ye-rhetoric ebalaseleyo kunye nomzekelo we-ART yeNtetho yeli xesha.
Kwakhona, isibongozo, 'kwimfundiso yakhe ye-Platon kunye nemfundiso yakhe, "malunga noCerirayeli" kunye "nehlabathi" lafikelela kwisithixo "kunye" nelokugqibela ngaphambili I-Aristotle. Kuyaziwa ukuba uAndeli wabhenela kubuchule bokuyila, kodwa imibongo yakhe yagcinwa kuphela ngohlobo lwamaqhekeza asasazekileyo.
Isimo sengqondo malunga nomsebenzi wombhali sitshintshe ixesha elide, kuxhomekeke kwixesha. Abantu ababekudala ababemxabisa njengombhali, kwaye njengomkhweli. Ukubaluleka kwe-Apulean ithi kumbhali weCarthage kabini.
Ngexesha leminyaka ephakathi, abantu babuyela kumsebenzi wakhe kwindawo yamaKristu, ngelixa bahlala belibala ukuba kwakungekho ndawo yomsebenzi we-APUlean yamaKristu. Kwixesha elizayo, wayejongwa njengesithandi-sobulumko kunye ne-pitotoritive egunyazisiweyo kunombhali.
Isiphelo 19 - Ukuqala kwenkulungwane yama-20 yayilixesha labanye "oonyana": ngenxa yomxholo otyhafileyo wencwadi, ngenxa yoko kwamkelwa kwangaphambili kwe Impumelelo yombhali yenzeka kuphela embindini wenkulungwane yama-20.
Ubomi Buqu
"Uxolo" oludumileyo lubhalwe ngenxa yeerpipi kubuhlobo bobuqu bombhali. Embindini we-150s, iAvete yaya eAlexandria, kodwa ngendlela yawa. Ngenxa yoku, uhambo kwafuneka luphazamisa ukumiswa kwesixeko saseWI (namhlanje yintsimi ye-tripoli). Apho umbhali wadibana ne-Penthian, enzelwe abahlobo xa befunda eAthene. Wayengunyana wezikhundla, opheliswe ngumhlolokazi oneminyaka engama-40. Emva kokuthandana ne-apuluve kunye nomntu obhinqileyo, wamenza umnikelo apho ipolistata ivuma.
UNaren Popetichli akazange abe nomdla ngokwakhe akawuthandi lo mtshato - izalamane ezivela kumyeni wakhe kwaye ngokwazo zazineentlobo zelizwe lomhlolokazi.
Ke ngoko, xa uPoniti, sele engu-Puleaan ophantsi, wasweleka ngesiquphe, ngokuchasene nombhali, batyholwa ngobugqwirha, batyholwa ngobugqwirha, bangenza ukuba basweleke abantu abaliqela.
Izityholo zokusweleka kwe-Potyntnthian zabuyiselwa kwinqanaba lophando lwangaphambili: Abaphathiswa babo kunyanzeliso lomthetho ekugqibeleni baqinisekile ukuba unobangela wendalo. Ngezityholo ezingaphezulu kwe-APuli, wakhetha ukuqonda ngokuzimeleyo, ethetha igqwetha kwityala lakhe. "Uxolelo" yingxelo yentetho yakhe yokhuselo ngexesha letyala. Isigwebo esichanekileyo senkundla phambi kwenzala engafikeleli, nangona kunjalo, ubungqina bobomi obuninzi obuqhubekayo base-Apuleua bubonisa ukuba umbhali ugwetyelwe.
Akwaziwa ukuba ngaba umbhali kunye nebomvu banabantwana abaqhelekileyo. Izincoko zentanda-bulumko ze-apule zinikezelwe kunyana womntu uToustina, kodwa igama elithi "unyana" linokuthetha ukuba umntwana ongumntwana kunye nomfundi.
Ukufa
Ukugweba ngeentetho ze-Apulean, kwithambeka leminyaka, umbhali washukumisela ukuba ahlala kwi-carthage kwaye waba yinkokeli yenkolo, i-PRINCI COPR. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba wayelandela ihlelo le-ISIIS. Kwakhona, ubuchule buka-Apulean bulandelayo ukuba kwi-170s umbhali wayesaphila. Nangona kunjalo, kwimikhondo yamadoda ilahlekile, ke ngoko lixesha kwaye unobangela, kunye nendawo ye-gleulean engaziwa.
Idatha ngqo ngembonakalo yombhali ayigcinwanga. Imifanekiso eprintiweyo ayifikanga iintsuku zanamhlanje, kwaye imifanekiso nemifanekiso kwi-medallions ziziqhamo zengcinga zamagcisa.
Iikowuti
"Ndize zenza ze, kwaye i-tulism nganye ayiyi kuphumelela. Umntu ongumntu uhlala engaqhelekanga. Okwesine - ukuba ubuhlanya. "" Yintoni esiyaziyo silinganiselwe, kwaye asazi-elingenasiphelo. "Sebenza
- "I-metamorphosis"
- "UXO"
- "Florida"
- "KuSesiqulu Bo YoBukumkani"
- "Malunga nePlaston nemfundiso yakhe"
- "Malunga nehlabathi"