Chiphunzitso
"... ndinawerenga mwachidwi Amulean Keulean, ndipo ine ndinawerenga mwachidwi Amulean Keulean, ndipo ndinawerenga mawu a Evgenia TANGENIA CHANO CHOKHA KU Pulogalamu ya Sukulu imadziwika pafupifupi Russian aliyense.Tsoka ilo, nkhaniyi yapitiliza pang'ono za moyo wa a Keulean, komabe chidziwitsocho ndichokwanira kumvetsetsa - mbiri yodziwika bwino yokwanira kuti iyamikire pansi mpaka zaka zambiri zolemba zolembedwa.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Kwa zaka zambiri zambiri zodalirika za moyo, Apoloan sanasungidwe, kotero chidziwitso chonse chokhudza wolemba amaphunziridwa kuchokera ku "kupepesa", malankhulidwe omwe ananena kuti khothi lamilandu kuti muchotse mfiti.
Masiku ano, chaka cha kubadwa kwa Apololala chaikidwa zaka 120. NS. Chitetezo chamtsogolo ndi wafilosofi anabadwa mu banja la munthu wolemekezeka - abambo ake anali mkulu ku Algeria (tsopano mzindawu ndi wa Algeria ndipo amatchedwa Mdourwash). Amadziwika kuti, kupatula kwa zivomerezi, m'banjamo panali Mwana wina.
Ku Madavre, Apuli adaphunzira zaka zoyambirirazo, pomwe mnyamatayo adapita ku Carthage kuti apitilize maphunziro m'munda wa marnotonic. Za wolemba mzinda uno akukumbukira kuti ndi kutentha. Panthawiyo, Carthage inali malo achikhalidwe, ochepa momwe Roma amalipirira.
Abambo a avoli atamwalira ndi m'bale wake abwera pamtunda, ngakhale atakhala wamkulu kwambiri, koma wokwanira wolemba mtsogolo kupita ku Atene. Kumeneko, zomata zomata kuti tipitirize maphunziro awo, monga mzindawo, nthawi imeneyo inali itayamikiridwa ngati malo achikhalidwe apamwamba. Panthawiyo, anthu otetezedwa ndi achichepere ochokera ku Greece apita ku Atene kuti aphunzire za atsogoleri olemekezeka, ngakhale kuti nthawi ya Antonins inali nthawi yovuta ya sayansi.
Ku Atene, Apuli anayamba kudziikira ngati wafilosofi wa plasofic, ngakhale adadziwana ndi mafunde odziwika a Philosophone.
Kuyenda mozungulira dzikolo kunapatsa achinyamata mwayi woti musazidziwa chabe ndi nzeru. Ali m'njira, adawona ziwerengero zachifumu, amayang'ana moyo wa gulu lankhondo ndipo sananyalanyaze kutenga nawo mbali mbali iyi ya moyo.
Kuphatikiza pa maphunziro, maulendo adalola wolemba mtsogolo kuti achulukitse zomwe pambuyo pake pambuyo pake zidapitiliranso ku luso. Apulela sanasangalale ndi mabuku okhawo, pazaka zowerengera iye anali ndi chidwi ndi maphunziro osiyanasiyana - geometry, mankhwala, nyimbo.
Atamaliza maphunziro ake ku Greece, Luciya adapita ku Roma, komwe zaka zingapo adaphunzira chilankhulo cha Chilatini ndikusintha maluso osinthana mu marheni. Malinga ndi magwero ena, nthawi imeneyo, Apuli anachitanso zokambirana za mafinya.
Ku Roma, Lukius adalowa nawo kutulukako, komwe kumatchedwa Sophh Wachiwiri. Aphunzitsi a Rhetonic omwe amamutsatira anali atakonzanso anthu ambiri, komanso amasangalala kwambiri ndi luso. Pambuyo pake, izi zinapangitsa kuti a Keulean a Keulean, zikhalidwe zabwino zakale zidapambana, chifukwa chilankhulo cha wolemba ali kutali ndi zolankhula za pabanja ndipo ndizopanga, wolimbikira, wolimbikira.
Chilengedwa
Kuchokera pa ntchito za Apoloan, zomwe zidafika lero, zatsopano "metamorphosis", kapena, monga momwe zilili, "bulu wagolide". Sizikudziwika kuti ntchitoyi idalembedwa molondola, ochita kafukufuku wotchuka ndi wake nthawi yoyambirira ya Mlembi wa wolemba (150s) ndi mochedwa (170-180-e).
Mutu wina wa mikangano wachipembedzo ndi "Metamorphosis" - komwe buku la bukuli lidalembedwa. Matanthauzidwe ndiofala kuti Apololi adauzidwa ndi nkhani za Miletky, kwenikweni sizisungidwa ntchitoyo, zonena zonena zonena. Dokotala wachiwiri wotheka amatchedwa kuti ntchito ya Luki kuchokera kwa anthu, umunthu, zomwe sizinatsimikizidwe.
"Metamorphosis" imanena za maulendo ndi kusokonekera kwa zochapira, munthu wotetezedwa wochokera ku Roma. Polephera mafuta amatsenga, ngwazi ya bukuli imasanduka bulu ndipo anagwiritsa ntchito nyama yolakwika kwa nthawi yayitali, kusintha eni ake ndi zophophonya zonse za anthu.
Bukuli lidalembedwa molimba mtima, ndipo wolemba amagwiritsa ntchito mawu akale ngakhale panthawi yolemba "Metamorphosis". Pali mitundu ingapo ya cholinga cholemba ntchitoyi. Malinga ndi limodzi, ndi mtundu wophimba wa esoteric: kuwonongeka kwa umunthu kumachitika mosavuta pantchito yomwe kulibenso kukwezedwa kwina kwa Mulungu.
Mwina "metamorphosis" ndiolemba polemba polemba za Apolisiyo. Monga munthu wamkulu, ankakonda ziphunzitso zachinsinsi ndipo amakopeka ndi khothi pokayikira ufiti. Mtundu wachitatu ukunena kuti bukuli ndi kumvetsetsa bwino za ROMO, Apolisi amakono.
Mtengo wosiyana umaperekedwa ndi zojambulajambula mu kapangidwe ka Aur ndi Psyrict yomwe Psyriction adatchuka kwambiri. Mbiri pakati pa mtsikana wokongola komanso mulungu wa chikondi mtsogolomo adachita bwino ku chikhalidwe chonse cha ku Europe ndipo lidatanthauziridwa m'mitundu yonse ya zaluso, chifukwa cha utoto wa nyimbo.
"Florida" si ntchito yodziyimira pawokha, komanso kusonkhanitsa, komwe kumaphatikizapo machenjezo a Apololean, omwe adalembedwa mwa mawonekedwe achiwiri a sofi. Mtundu wosakwanira wa mamita 23 omwe adasonkhanitsidwa ndi wolemba wosadziwika adafika tsikuli. Mitundu imagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe okha, osagwirizana pazomwe zili. Malinga ndi akatswiri ofufuza, Florida amawonetsa chikhalidwe komanso kupsya mtima kwa nthawi yomwe aphale amakhala.
"Kupepesa" - Ntchito, yamtengo wapatali kwa olemba mbiri. Pazolankhula za maambali, apuli amakamba za moyo wake. Kuchokera pakuwona mawu akuti "kupepesa" - chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri komanso chitsanzo cha luso la luso la nthawi imeneyo.
Komanso, apiloyo, monga "pagon ndi chiphunzitso chake", "za Mulungu wa Socates" ndipo "padziko lapansi" padziko lapansi "ndi" padziko lapansi ", ndipo zotsalazo zidanenedwa kale Aristotle. Amadziwika kuti Apuli adapempha luso la ndakatulo, koma ndakatulo zake zidasungidwa mu mawonekedwe amwazi.
Maganizo a ntchito ya wolemba adasintha pakapita nthawi, kutengera nthawi. Anthu a m'masiku a nthawiya anamuona ngati wolemba, komanso monga wokwera. Kufunika kwa chithunzi cha APulean akuti mu wolemba Carthage kawiri wakhazikitsa ziboliboli.
M'nthawi ya mibadwo yoyambirira, anthu amagwira ntchito yake kuchokera ku malingaliro achikristu, pomwe nthawi zambiri amaiwala kuti kunalibe malingaliro a malingaliro achikristu a apolo. Pambuyo pake, adawonedwa ngati wafilosofi komanso phula lovomerezeka kuposa wolemba.
Mapeto 19 - Kuyamba kwa zaka za zana la 20 panali nyengo "yopaka" metamorphosis ": Chifukwa cha zomwe zili m'bukuli, kotero kuti anthu a Oyeretsa sanayamikire mtengo wake, kotero kuzindikira komaliza kwa Kukwaniritsidwa kwa wolemba APulean kunachitika kokha mkati mwa zaka za zana la 20.
Moyo Wanu
"Kupepesa" kwalembedwa chifukwa cha ziwopsezo m'moyo wa wolemba. Mkati mwa 150s, fuweler adapita ku Alexandria, koma m'mene adadwala. Chifukwa cha izi, ulendowu unayenera kusokoneza kuyimitsidwa mu mzinda wa ey (lero ndi gawo la Tripoli). Kumeneku wolemba adakumana ndi Ponithian, omwe adapanga abwenzi pomwe akuphunzira ku Atene. Iye anali mwana wa kuthithi, otetezedwa ndi mkazi wamasiye wazaka 40. Atakhala pachibwenzi apululua ndi mkazi, adamupanga iye kuti nkhuku zivomereze.
Naren Popatichli sanatero mwamphamvu ngati ukwatiwo - abale ake ochokera kwa mwamuna wake ndipo anali ndi mitundu ya mkazi wamasiye.
Chifukwa chake, kukhala kale ndi Amulean wapansi, atamwalira motsutsana ndi wolemba, adaimbidwa ufiti, adati adapempha anthu angapo.
Oweruza a kumwalira kwa Methory adabweranso pa gawo la kafukufuku woyambirira: Atumiki a Boma adatsimikiza chifukwa cha zomwe zimayambitsa zachilengedwe. Ndi zomwe zimanenedwanso za Apoli, ndinasankha kumvetsetsana malo pawokha, ndikulankhula loya weniweni. "Kupepesa" ndi cholembedwa chazolankhula zake zodzitetezera mkati mwa kulimva. Chitsimikizo cholondola cha khothi chisanafike, komabe, umboni wa moyo wopambana wa Apolowa umawonetsa kuti wolemba adalungamitsidwa.
Sizikudziwika ngati wolemba komanso kusaka kwa ana wamba. 2 Maphunziro a filosofi odzipereka odzipereka kwa mwana wamwamuna Fausto, koma mawu oti "Mwana" amakhoza kutanthauza mwana komanso wophunzira.
Imfa
Poyerekeza ndi machenjezo a Apololean, patsetse zaka zodutsa, wolembayo adasamukira ku Carthage ndikukhala mtsogoleri wachipembedzo. Ofufuzawo amakhulupirira kuti adatsata chipembedzo cha ISIS. Komanso zaluso za Apolisi zikutsatira zomwe wolemba adalipo adakalipobe. Komabe, m'tsogolo mwa mizimu atayika, chifukwa chake nthawi ndi chifukwa cha imfa, komanso komwe kumanda akufa ku APulean sikudziwika.
Zomwe zili zenizeni pazomwe wolemba sanasungidwe. Zithunzi zobiriwira sizinafike masiku a masiku ano, ndipo zithunzi ndi zithunzi pa madana ndi chipatso cha malingaliro ojambula.
Mawu
"Maliseche kuti asungunuke ndi olumpha khumi sangachite bwino." "Munthu aliyense amakhala pangozi." "Timamwa mbale woyamba wa ludzu, lachiwiri - lachitatu ndi losangalatsa, ndi Chachinayi - kwa amisala. "" Zomwe tikudziwa ndizochepa, ndipo sitikudziwa - zopanda pake. "Nchito
- "Metamorphosis"
- "Kupepesa"
- "Florida"
- "Pa misonkhano yaumulungu"
- "Zokhudza Gon ndi Chiphunzitso Chake"
- "Za Dziko"