Biography
"... Ndakaverenga Apulean nechido, uye Cicero haana kuverenga," iyi quote kubva kuEngenia imwe yekuenda kune chirongwa chechikoro chinozivikanwa neanenge anenge ese Russian.Nehurombo, nyaya yacho yakachengeta ruzivo rwepamoyo rwehupenyu hweApulean, zvisinei uye ruzivo rwazvino rwakakwana kuti rukwaneHudu uye Vechidiki
Kwemakore eruzivo rwakavimbika nezveupenyu, saka ruzivo rwese rwepanyori rwakadzidzwa chaizvo kubva ku "kukumbira ruregerero", kutaura kwaakareva kamwe mudare kuti vabvise kupomerwa kweuroyi.
Nhasi, gore rekuzvarwa kwaApulela rinotariswa makore gumi nemaviri. Ns. Rundo ramangwana uye muzivi akaberekerwa mumhuri yemurume wemurume airemekedzwa - baba vake vaive vakuru kuMardavre (zvino guta riri reAlgeria uye rinonzi mdournush). Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti, kunze kwekunge kuwirirana, mumhuri pakanga paine mumwe mwanakomana.
MuMardvre, AMULI akadzidza makore ekutanga, mushure meizvozvo murume wechidiki akaenda kuCarthage kuti aenderere mberi nedzidzo mumunda weRhetoric. Nezve uyu munyori weguta akarangarira nekudziya. Panguva iyoyo, carthage yaive nzvimbo yetsika, zvishoma umo muRome Roma.
Pashure porufu rwaBaba vaPapuli nemunun'una wake vakagara nhaka yehurumende, kunyangwe kana vasina kukura, asi zvakaringana munyori wezororo kuti aende kuAtene. Ikoko, vanovenga vakaronga kuenderera mberi nezvidzidzo zvavo, seguta, panguva iyoyo havana kukoshesa zvozvematongerwo enyika, vakafarirwa senzvimbo yetsika dzakakwirira. Panguva iyoyo, vechidiki vakavachengeta kubva kuGreece rose vakamhanyira kuAthens kuti vadzidze kubva kune vaziviriri vanoremekedzwa, kunyangwe nguva yeAntonins yaive nguva yakaoma yesainzi iyi.
MuAtene, Apulii akatanga kuzvimisa semuzivi weplatonic, kunyangwe akajairana nemafungu anozivikanwa ehunyanzvi.
Kufamba kwakatenderedza nyika kwakapa vechidiki mukana wekuziva kwete neuzivi chete. Vari munzira, akasangana nemifananidzo yechitendero, akatarisa hupenyu hweboka uye haana kuregera kutora chikamu mune ino yehupenyu.
Kuwedzera pakudzidza, kufamba kwakabvumira munyori wenguva yemberi kuti uwedzere mahombekombe akazoendawo kune kubatsirwa kwekusungwa. Apulela akafadzwa kwete chete mabhuku chete, mukati memakore ekudzidza aifarira kuronga kwakasiyana-siyana - geometry, mushonga, mimhanzi.
Pamupedzisa zvidzidzo zvake kuGreek, Luciya akaenda kuRoma, uko mukati memakore akati wandei aakadzidza mutauro weLatin uye hunyanzvi hwakagadziridzwa muRhetoric. Maererano nezvimwe zvinyorwa, panguva iyoyo, Apulii yakaitwawo mukunyora kutaura kwematare.
MuRoma, Lucius akabatana nekuyerera, iyo inonzi yechipiri kupokana. Vadzidzisi vekutanga vakamutevera vaiita kuyanana paruzhinji, uye vakarerekerawo kutarisisa kune ruzivo rwakanyanya. Zvakazonyoreredzwa nemhando yekunyora yeApulean, mafambiro aAptchassic akakunda, kuti utonge kuti mutauro wemabasa emunyori uri kure nekutaura kwevanhu venguva yerudzi rwevanhu vevanhu vevarereri uye ndezvekunyepedzera.
Zvisikwa
Kubva pamabasa aApulean, akauya kuzosvika zuva razvino, mutsva "metamorphosis", kana, sezvazvakasiyana, "dhongi regoridhe". Hazvizivikanwe kana basa racho rakanyatsorwazve, vaongorori vakasiyana-siyana ndevekuti nguva yekutanga yeCreativation yemunyori (150s) uye kunonoka (170-180-e).
Imwe nyaya yemakakatanwa inoenderana ne "metamorphosis" - zvinyorwa izvo zvakanyorwa neNovel. Shanduro dzinozivikanwa kuti Apulii yakafuridzirwa nenyaya dzemitambo, dzisingachengetwe basa, zvinonzi zvisingaenzaniswi. Iyo yechipiri inogona sosi inonzi basa reLuki kubva kuPatr, hunhu, chokwadi chacho chisina kusimbiswa.
"Metamorphosis" taura nezve adventures uye misangano yekuwachira, murume wechidiki akachengetedzwa anobva kuRoma. Kukundikana kuyedza zvemafuta emashiripiti, gamba reNovhi rinoshandurwa kuita dhongi uye rakapedza hupenyu hwakaipa hwemhuka kwenguva yakareba, vachishandura varidzi uye kutarisa zvese zvinogoneka kuita nzanga uye zvikanganiso zvenharaunda.
Novel yakanyorwa nemaune, uye munyori anoshandisa mazwi akapedza kunyange panguva yekunyora "metamorphosis". Pane shanduro dzinoverengeka dzechinangwa chekunyora basa. Maererano nerimwe, chibvumirano chehunhu hwehunhu hwehunhu hwehunhu hwehunhu hunonzwisiswa nyore nyore pabasa risina kuwedzera kukwidziridzwa kuburikidza neSumo kuVamwari.
Zvichida "metamorphosis" inyanzvi yakagadziriswa biography yeApiuroua iye amene. Kufanana nehunhu hukuru, aida dzidziso dzechokwadi uye akakwezva paruvanze nekufungidzirwa kweuroyi. Shanduro yechitatu inotaura kuti ruzha runonzwisiswa nehupenyu hwehupenyu hweRoma, hwazvino apuleu.
Kukosha kwakaparadzaniswa kunoonekwa nemazano ekunyora mune zvekunyorwa, izvo izvo izvo izvo ngarava yeAuur uye psychory yakagamuchira mukurumbira mukurusa. Upamhi pakati pemusikana akanaka uye mwari werudo mune ramangwana zvakabudirira tsika yeEurope uye yakadudzirwa mumarudzi ese ehunyanzvi, kubva pakupenda mimhanzi.
"Florida" haisi basa rakazvimirira, uye muunganidzwa, izvo zvinosanganisira kutaurirana kwaApulean, zvakanyorwa muchimiro cheiyo yechipiri chivharo. Shanduro isina kukwana ye22 ndima inounganidzwa nemunyori isingazivikanwe akasvikira nhasi. Marudzi anoenderana chete nemhando, hapana kuwirirana pane zvemukati. Sekureva kwevaongorori, Florida anoratidza tsika uye kutsamwa kweeops umo munhu aigara.
"Kukumbira ruregerero" - basa, rakakosha kune vanyori venhaueri. Mukutonga uku, kutaura kweEphli kunoreva nezve hupenyu hwake. Kubva pane maonero ekuona nezveManjeedhi "kukumbira retoricic akasarudzika uye muenzaniso wekutaura hunyanzvi hwenguva idzo.
Zvakare, kukwikwidza, se "paPlaton uye nedzidziso yake", "pamusoro peSocrates" Sound "uye" pakati pevaSocrates "uye" pasi "uye zvekupedzisira zvakambotaurwa Aristotle. Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti Apuli akakwidza nyaya yekugadzira nhetembo, asi nhetembo yake yakachengetedzwa chete muchimiro chezvimedu zvakapararira.
Mafungiro akananga kubasa remunyori akachinja nekufamba kwenguva, zvichienderana nenguva. Vakararama panguva yaakamufarira semunyori, uye semutasvi. Kukosha kwemufananidzo weApulean kunoti mune munyori weCarthage kaviri akatangwa.
Munguva yekutanga yemakore epakati, vanhu vanodzora basa rake kubva kune maonero echiKristu maonero, apo kazhinji vachikanganwa kuti pakanga pasina nzvimbo iri pabasa remaonero echiKristu eApulean. Munguva dzakazotevera, aionekwa zvakanyanya sechizivi uye platingative platative kupfuura munyori.
Magumo 19 - Kutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20 yaive nguva ye "Opamorphosis": Nekuda kwezvakaitika zvinonyadzisa zvebhuku, nzanga yePuritan haina kukwanisa kukoshesa basa rekunyora, saka kuzivikanwa kwekupedzisira kwe Apment's Apment APulean yakaitika chete pakati pezana ramakore rechi20.
Hupenyu Hwako
"Kukumbira ruregerero" kwakanyorwa kwakanyorwa nekuda kwekutarisa muhupenyu hwako pachako wemunyori. Pakati pe150s, ApuleTe akaenda kuAlexandria, asi munzira yakarwara. Nekuda kweizvi, rwendo rwacho rwacho rwaifanira kupindira kumira muguta reYAK (nhasi ndiyo ndima ye tripoli). Ikoko munyori akasangana naPonthian, uyo wakaita shamwari naye pavanenge vachidzidza kuAtene. Iye aive mwanakomana wehure, akachengetedzwa nechirikadzi ine makore 40 ane makore makumi mana. Mushure mekufambidzana apulutevea nemukadzi, akamupa chipo chipi charo chinopindurwa nemukurukuri.
Naren Popeticholi haana kufanana nemuchato uyu - hama kubva kumurume wake uye ivo pachavo vaive nemarudzi echirikadzi.
Naizvozvo, ponitani, yatove yaimbova iyo yekungodzokera shure, yakangoerekana yafa, kupokana nemunyori, vakapiwa muroyi, vanonzi vanonzi vakashanda nekuda kwekufa kwevanhu vanoverengeka.
Kupomerwa kwekufa kwaPonthia kwakadzokera padanho rekuferefetwa kwekutanga: vashumiri vemutemo vakazopedzisira vagutsikana nezvikonzero zvawo zvinokonzeresa. Nekuwedzera kupomerwa kwaApuli, vakasarudza kunzwisisa zvakazvimirira, vachitaura gweta mune yake. "Kukumbira ruregerero" chinyorwa chehurukuro yake yekudzivirira panguva yekutandara. Kutongwa kwakarurama kwechivanze pamberi pevazukuru vasati vasvika, zvisinei, humbowo hwehupenyu hwakabudirira hwepulea hunoratidza kuti munyori akaruramiswa.
Hazvizivikanwe kuti munyori uye pupetichy vane vana vanozivikanwa. 2Vanhu vehunyanzvi hwekukudzwa kwakatsaurirwa kumwanakomana mumwe munhu Faustina, asi izwi rekuti "mwanakomana" rinogona kureva miviri yemwana uye mudzidzi.
Rufu
Kutonga nekutaura kwaApulean, pamusoro pemakore, munyori akatamira kuti anogara muCarthage uye akava mutungamiri wechitendero, proc yemuchinda. Vanotsvagurudza vanotenda kuti akateedzera chinamato cheIsis. Zvakare, kusika kwaApulean kunotevera kuti mune 170s mumunyori aive achiri mupenyu. Nekudaro, mune ramangwana revarume rakarasika, saka nguva uye kukonzera rufu, pamwe nenzvimbo yeguva apulean isingazivikanwe.
Iyo chaiyo data pakuonekwa kwemunyori haina kuchengetedzwa. Mifananidzo yedhinda haina kusvika mazuva emazuva ano, uye mifananidzo uye mifananidzo pazvinhu zvidhori ndeye michero yekufungidzira kwevaridzi.
Quotes
"Asina kupfeka uye asinga budiriki." "Munhu wega wega anopenga, munhu anowanzo tsawona." "Tinonwa ndiro yekutanga yenyota yekuremerwa, yechipiri - yechitatu ndeyekunakidzwa, uye Chechina - nekuda kwemhiko. "" Zvatinoziva ndezvekugumira, uye hatizive - zvisingaperi. "Shanda
- "Metamorphosis"
- "Kukumbira ruregerero"
- "Florida"
- "PanaVamwari Vamwari"
- "About Platon uye Dzidziso Yake"
- "Nezve Nyika"