Biography
Alexander Alekhin was a famous Russian-French chess player who won world tournaments in the 1920s and 1930s. The victory over the legendary athlete José Raul Capablana was widely discussed in academic circles.Childhood and youth
Alexander Aleksandrovich Alekhin was born in the family of the nobleman, in the late 1880s settled in Moscow. The ancestors who inherited the state - estate and manufactory, were known for decades in a pre-revolutionary country.
Father with the name of the Aristocrat rules by Zemlyansky county and was a deputy of the 4th State Duma in 1912. Mother, the pupil of the manufacturer, swept up on textile, in the youth organically fit into the intelligent medium.
In the house near Arbat, Alexander divided the rest with the elder brother Alexei, who had a sharp mind. A parent with children played chess and checkers every night, so the sons did not make a pawn, a horse and an elephant.
At a young age, Sasha seriously fell ill with leptomingitis, in bed he was forbidden to touch the chessboard. Doctors regretted the child and allowed to browse the books to awaken interest in their studies and partially relieve melancholy.
After recovering Alekhin fell under the custody of the gutener, then he was determined in the most famous private school. The father hoped that the teenager would become a famous lawyer, Sasha's opinion of the ancestor accepted in the future.
In his youth, the chess player was studied at the law faculties in the St. Petersburg School of Law and University in Moscow. By the summer of 1914, Alekhin is a titular adviser, wrote an "ministry employee" in the relevant column.
Personal life
In the spring of 1920, Alexander was married for the first time, the spouse has built a devastated personal life for several months. Sasha Bataueva, according to the memories of contemporaries close to the family, returned to the former nobleman faith, burdens and optimism. At any particular, the reason for the relationship with his wife did not work out, and the pair broke up without reproaches, unnecessary scandals and offended.The chess player met a journalist from the richest country in Europe, Anneliz Ruegg, the Swiss attracted like a magnet. Cheerful, they left Bolshevik Russia, in the West, the age spouse hoped for the birth of children. After the appearance of the son Alexander Alekhin, Bachelor returned to the big world of the queens and kings.
Subsequently, a satellite of the chess player was a cat of an indefinite breed, Chess was present at tournaments and lazily followed the game. In the life of Alekhina, two more official marriage took place, Grace Vishar rightly considered the best companion and wife.
Chess
In his youth, Alexander became interested in chessing gambit tournaments, Fyodor Ivanovich Duz-Hotimigsky taught an athlete to defeat. Participation in the children's championships and membership in the amateur club supported and approved the elder brother, father and mother.
Alekhin first took the reward at the correspondence championship, which arranged a special educational magazine. The successes of a talented gymnasium in the parties on a black and white field caused admiration and honored praise.
After the All-Russian tournament, which brought amateur title, the young man toured abroad and met with people from different countries. On games in Hamburg and Carlsbad, a unique plan was developed at the young law.
On the highest rank competitions, largely illuminated in the press, Alekhin and Aron Shenitsić divided the prize for two. In the final of the International Competitions held in St. Petersburg, Moskvich got into the top five and achieved very much.
The First World War found Alexander in the enemy mannheim, a chess player and colleagues from Russia visited German prison. Alekhin and Ilya Rabinovich, spending months in captivity, belonged to the Austrians and Higrand, as a human plague.
Fortunately for relatives and loved ones, the prisoners were not shot, the grandmasters managed to return to their homes. Muscovite, who sympathized with the military, helped the army with money mined with the help of talent and trained mind.
The demonstration tournaments took place in Moscow, Petrograd and Odessa, the opponents of the potential champion were Russian players. With the arrival of Vladimir Lenin to power due to the state coup, the chess player became an unknown citizen of the middle hand.
The special services of the Bolsheviks were allowed to move the chess player abroad, where he performed at tournaments under the flag of the communist country. Over time, relations with the birthplace, who deprived Alexander Alexandrovich Regalia, had so much that were stopped forever.
In the 20s, Alekhin made his way to the British Congress tournament, where he played José Raul Kapablanca - a recognized world champion. Moskvich, who took 2nd place, declared the match for the crown, but due to lack of finance dreams dispelled.
The grandmaster, who possessed a mixture, began making money by reviews for sports publications and simultaneous game sessions. Reincarnation in the Frenchman and training in Sorbonne became a happy new chance of early post-Soviet pore.
In the summer of 1926, Alekhin began negotiations on the match with an incasionable capplane with the support of rich people. For the preparation for the tournament for the title of world champion, the immigrant from Russia spent many sleepless nights.
As a result, the long-awaited crown got a born aristocrat, a cultural light spoke about the new chess record holder. To the famous defeat and the subsequent revenge in the archive of Alexander Alexandrovich, hundreds of brilliant victories accumulated.
In the 1940s, Alekhin intended to meet with the capplant once again, but the death of Cuban crossed the plans. The Europeans again faced the German-fascist invaders, the former Russian touched a multinational trouble.
Chess genius lost its right to perform on major tournaments, the rival Max Eywe initiated his exception and boycott. A fight was planned with Mikhail Botvinnik from Russia, it could give a situation a favorable turn.
Death
Death due to asphyxia overtook the undefeated champion on the eve of the principled match in 1946. Editions around the world were honored by the memory of a great chess player and exalted the Russian-French star.Some authors of biographies argued that Alexander Alexandrovich was killed by Soviet state special services or American enemies. In films with a dubious plot, directors assumed that the grandmaster was poisoned by the hands of the hotel servant.
The Soviet press negatively responded to Alexander Alexandrovich, but his photograph appeared on the pages of a number of newspapers. The secrets of the skill of the chess player after the tragic death were interested in colleagues and European cultural light.
The champion initially buried in Estoril, but the widow insisted on the transfer of the remains in the Montparnasse cemetery. The history of the genius-intellectual for decades has attracted the attention of professionals and not indifferent people.
Achievements
- IV world champion
- Grand winner of the country championship
- Played 1264 matche and tournament parties
- Winted in 62 tournaments from 87
- Chess Cover Wearing His Name
- Co-author Attack Shatara Alekhina in French Protection
- Author over 20 books on chess theory