Chiphunzitso
Alexander Alekhin anali wosewera wotchuka waku Russia-French yemwe adapambana alendo mdziko lapansi mu 1920s ndi 1930s. Kupambana kwa Wothamanga José Raul Cakobena anali atakambirana m'magulu ophunzira.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Alexander Aleksandrovich Alekhin adabadwira m'banja la munthu wolemekezeka, kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1880 adakhala ku Moscow. Makolo omwe adalandira boma - nyumba ndi kupanga, adadziwika zaka zambiri m'dziko lomwelo.
Abambo okhala ndi dzina la akatswiri a Aristoct amalamulira mwa Zemlyansky County ndipo anali nduna ya 4th State DumA mu 1912. Amayi, mwana wapanga, anasefukira pamawu, mu unyamata wambiri mwaluso mwanzeru.
Mnyumba pafupi ndi Arbat, Alesandro adagawanikana enawo ndi Mbale wamkulu Alexei, yemwe anali ndi malingaliro akuthwa. Kholo lokhala ndi ana lomwe limasewera chess ndi Checkers usiku uliwonse, kotero ana sanapange khomo, kavalo ndi njovu.
Ali mwana, Sasha adadwala kwambiri ndi Leppmitititis, pabedi adaletsedwa kugwira chessboard. Madokotala amadandaula mwanayo ndipo amalola kusakatula mabuku kuti adzutse chidwi m'maphunziro awo komanso amachepetsa pang'ono.
Atakulitsa Alekhin adagwera pansi pa goutener, ndiye kuti adatsimikizika kusukulu yotchuka kwambiri. Bambowo anali ndi chiyembekezo kuti wachinyamatayo amakhala loya wodziwika bwino, malingaliro a Sasha a kholo omwe adavomerezedwa mtsogolo.
Ali mwana, wosewera chess adaphunziridwa pa Malamulo Thandizo ku Sutersburg Sukulu ya Lamulo ndi University ku Moscow. Pofika chilimwe cha 1914, alekhin ndi mlangizi wazaza, adalemba "ntchito yautumiki" mu khola lovomerezeka.
Moyo Wanu
M'ngululu ya 1920, Alexander adakwatirana koyamba, wokwatirana naye adapanga moyo wowonongeka kwa miyezi ingapo. Sasha Bataueva, malinga ndi zokumbukira za nthawi ya azungu pafupi ndi banjali pafupi ndi banjali, adabwereranso ku chikhulupiriro chomwe kale anali nacho, nkhawa komanso chiyembekezo. Komabe, chifukwa cha ubale ndi mkazi wake sanachite bwino, ndipo awiriwo adasiyana popanda kunyoza, zotchinga zosafunikira ndikukhumudwitsidwa.Wosewera chess adakumana ndi mtolankhani wina wolemera kwambiri ku Europe, Anneliz Ruegg, The Swiss adakopa ngati maginito. Ankasangalala, adachoka Bolshevik Russia, kumadzulo, kwa zaka za mayiko amayembekeza kubadwa kwa ana. Atawonekera kwa mwana wamwamuna Alexander Alekhin, Bachelor adabwerera kudziko lalikulu la mfumukazi ndi mafumu.
Pambuyo pake, satellite wa wosewera mpira anali mphaka wa mtundu wamuyaya, chess zidalipo ku zofuna zawo ndipo adatsatira masewerawa. M'moyo wa Alekhina, ukwati wina wina uja unachitika, Grace Vishar amawona kuti ndi mkazi wabwino kwambiri.
Chesi
Ali mwana, Alexander anachita chidwi ndi kumenyedwa kwa Gamblem, Fhodor Ivanovich Duz-Hostimigsky adaphunzitsa masewera othamanga. Kutenga nawo mbali mpikisano wa ana ndi umembala wa Amateur Club omwe amathandizidwa ndikuvomereza m'bale wake wamkulu, abambo ndi amayi.
Alekhin adayamba kulandira mphotho ku Publing Pamble, yomwe idakonza magazini yapadera yophunzitsa. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi m'magulu a m'munda wakuda ndi woyera kumayambitsa kusilira komanso kulemekeza matamando.
Mpikisano wa Onse-Russia utabweretsa dzina lamateur, mnyamatayo adapita kunja ndipo adakumana ndi anthu ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana. Pamasewera ku Hamburg ndi Carlsbad, mapulani apadera adapangidwa ndi lamulo lachinyamata.
Pampikisano wapamwamba kwambiri, wowunikira kwambiri m'matolankhani, alekhin ndi aron Shenitsić adagawika mphoto ziwiri. Pomaliza mpikisano wapadziko lonse lapansi womwe unachitikira ku St. Petersburg, Modkvich adalowa asanu ndipo adakwaniritsa kwambiri.
Nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse idapeza Alexander mu adani a mdani, Play Play ndi ogwira nawo ntchito ku Russia adapita kundende ku Germany. Alekhin ndi Ilya Ribinovich, kukhala miyezi yambiri mu ukapolo, ndi a Austranda ndi mliri wa anthu.
Mwamwayi kwa abale ndi okondedwa, akaidiwo sanawomberedwe, agogo ake adatha kubwerera kunyumba zawo. Muno, yemwe amamumvera chisoni ndi asitikali, adathandizira ankhondo ndi ndalama zothandizidwa ndi malingaliro aluso komanso ophunzitsidwa bwino.
Masowo owonetserawo adachitika ku Moscow, petrograd ndi Odessa, otsutsa a wopambana anali osewera ku Russia. Ndi kufika kwa vladimir Lenin ku mphamvu chifukwa cha zomwe boma likugwirizanitsa, wosewera chess adakhala nzika yosadziwika.
Ntchito zapadera za Bolsheviks zidaloledwa kusuntha nyimbo za chess kupita kudziko lina, komwe adachitidwa pa zokongola pansi pa mbendera ya dziko la chikomyunizimu. Popita nthawi, maubale ndi malo obadwira, omwe amalepheretsa Alexander Alexandroandroach regilia, anali atakhala mpaka kalekale.
Za 20s, alekhin adapita kupita ku Britain Congle Moskvich, yemwe adatenga malo achiwiri, adalengeza kuti machesi a korona, koma chifukwa chosowa maloto achuma adachotsedwa.
Akulungwani, omwe anali ndi kusakaniza, adayamba kupanga ndalama pokambirana zamasewera a masewera ndi gawo limodzi. Kubadwanso kwinanso ku Frenman ndi maphunziro ku Sarbonne kunakhala mwayi wabwino wokhathamake korona-Soviet Pore.
M'chilimwe cha 1926, alekhin adayamba kukambirana pamasewera omwe ali ndi mphamvu yovuta kwambiri mothandizidwa ndi anthu olemera. Pokonzekera mpikisano wa mutu wa World War World, Wosamukira ku Russia adakhala usiku ambiri osagona.
Zotsatira zake, korona woyembekezeredwa kwa nthawi yayitali yemwe wabadwa, kuwala kwa chikhalidwe kumanenedwa za omwe amalembedwa. Kugonjetsedwa kodziwika komanso kubwezera kotsatira mu zosungidwa zakale ku Alexander Alexandrovich, zopambana zambiri zodziwika bwino.
Mu 1940s, alekhin anafuna kukumana ndi caplant kachiwiri, koma imfa ya Cuban inadutsa makonzedwe ake. Azungu adakumana ndi milandu ya aku Germany, yomwe kale anali ku Russia idakhudza zovuta zosiyanasiyana.
Chess Genius adataya ufulu kuchita zojambula zazikulu, mngelo wamaya a Tywe adayambitsa kusiyanitsa ndi kunyansidwa. Nkhondo idakonzedwa ndi Mikhal Botvinnik ochokera ku Russia, imatha kukhala ndi vuto.
Imfa
Imfa Chifukwa cha Mpikisano wa Mpikisanowo udawononga mpikisano wosagawika kwa Eva zafananizo mu 1946. Zolemba kuzungulira dziko lapansi zidalemekezedwa ndi kukumbukira kwa wosewera wamkulu wa Chess ndikukweza nyenyezi yaku Russia-France.Olemba ena amati Alexander Alexandrovich adaphedwa ndi boma la Soviet kapena adani aku America. M'makafilimu okhala ndi chiwembu chovuta, oyang'anira adaganiza kuti abulahamu adadyetsedwa ndi manja a mtumiki wa hoteloyo.
Adviet Pressyo adayankha molakwika ku Alexander Alexandrovich, koma chithunzi chake chidawonekera patsamba zingapo. Zinsinsi za luso la wosewera mpira pambuyo poti imfa yomvetsa chisoni idali ndi chidwi ndi kuunika kwachikhalidwe cha ku Europe.
Ngwazi yoyamba idayikidwa m'manda, koma wamasiyeyo adayimizidwa posinthira zotsalira mu manda a Montparnasnasasse. Mbiri ya anius-anzeru kwa zaka makumi ambiri lakopa chidwi cha akatswiri osati anthu osalowerera.
Kukwanitsa
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