Ubuzima
Alexander Alekhin yari umukinnyi uzwi cyane mu Burusiya-Igifaransa watsindiye amarushanwa yisi muri 1920 na 1930. Intsinzi y'umukinnyi w'icyamamare José Raul Caul Camablana yaganiriweho cyane mu masomo.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Alexander Aleksandrovich Alekhin yavukiye mumuryango wumunyacyubahiro, mu mpera za 1880 yatuwe i Moscou. Abakurambere barazwe leta - umutungo n'ibikoresho, byari bizwi mu myaka ibarirwa mu myaka ibanziriza ikigo cyaciwe.
Data hamwe nizina rya Aristocrat amategeko ya Zemlyansky kandi yari Umudepite wa leta ya 4 duma mu 1912. Mama, umunyeshuri wumuganda, yashutswe kumyenda, mubuto bukwiranye muburyo bwubwenge.
Mu nzu hafi ya Arbat, Alegizandere yagabanyije ibisigaye hamwe n'umuvandimwe mukuru Alexei, wari ufite ubwenge butyaye. Umubyeyi ufite abana bakinnye Chess n'abakanguye buri joro, nuko abahungu ntibakora pawn, ifarashi n'inzovu.
Akiri muto, SASHA yarwanye cyane na Liptomingite, mu buriri yabujijwe gukoraho chessboard. Abaganga bicujije ku mwana kandi bemerewe gushakisha ibitabo byo gukangura inyungu mu myigire yabo no kugabanya igice.
Nyuma yo gukira Alekhin yaguye mu maboko ya Gutener, hanyuma yiyemera mu ishuri ryigenga ryigenga. Data yizeye ko umwangavu azahinduka umunyamategeko uzwi, Sasha atekereza igitekerezo cya sekuruza yemewe mu gihe kizaza.
Mu busore bwe, umukinnyi wa Chess yize mu mashami y'amategeko mu ishuri rya St. Petersburg y'amategeko na kaminuza muri Moscou. Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1914, Alekhin ni umujyanama wa galilamu, yanditse umukozi wa Minisiteri "mu nkingi ijyanye.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Mu mpeshyi ya 1920, Alexandre yashakanye bwa mbere, uwo bashakanye yubatse ubuzima bwangiritse ku mezi menshi. Sasha Bieva, akurikije kwibuka mu gihe cyo mu gihe cyegereye umuryango, asubira mu cyahoze ari uw'umunyacyubahiro, imitwaro n'icyizere. Muri ubwo buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, impamvu yo kugirana umubano n'umugore we ntiyigeze ikora, kandi aba bombi baratandukanye nta gitugu, inkono zitakenewe kandi zirababaje.Umukinnyi wa Chess yahuye n'umunyamakuru uva mu gihugu gikize cyane mu Burayi, Anneliz Ruegg, mu Busuwisi yakurura nka rukuruzi. Yishimye, bava i Bolshevik mu Burusiya, mu Burengerazuba, uwo bashakanye yizeye ko abana bavutse. Nyuma y'Umwana wa nyuma yumwana Alexander Alekhin, Bachelor asubira mu isi nini y'abamikazi n'abami.
Nyuma yaho, ikicapo cya chess umukinnyi cyari injangwe yubwoko butazwi, chess yari ahari amarushanwa na Lazely yakurikiranye umukino. Mubuzima bwa Alekina, ubundi bukwe bubiri bwabaye, Grace Varhar yatekereje kubareba neza.
Chess
Mu busore bwe, Alexandre yashishikajwe no gufunga amarushanwa ya gambit, FYIDOR Ivanovich duz-hotimigsky yigishije umukinnyi watsindira. Uruhare rwa Shampiyona y'abana no kuba umunyamuryango muri club ya Amateur bashyigikiwe kandi bemezaga mukuru, se na nyina.
Alekhin yabanje gufata ibihembo muri Shampiyona yandikirwa, yateguye ikinyamakuru kihariye cyo kwiga. Intsinzi ya gymnasium ifite impano mubaburanyi kumurima wirabura numuyaga wera wateje agaciro kandi wubashwebwe.
Nyuma yamarushanwa yose yo mu Burusiya, yazanye izina rya amateur, umusore yazengurutse mu mahanga akabonana n'abantu baturutse mu bihugu bitandukanye. Ku mikino i Hamburg na Carlsbad, gahunda idasanzwe yateguwe ku mategeko akiri muto.
Ku marushanwa yo hejuru y'ubworozi, ahanini amumuriwe mu binyamakuru, Alekhin na Aron Henityić bagabanije igihembo cya babiri. Mu marushanwa ya nyuma y'amarushanwa mpuzamahanga yabereye i St. Petersburg, Moskvich yinjiye muri batanu ba mbere kandi agera kuri byinshi.
Intambara ya mbere y'isi yose yasanze Alegizandere mu mwanzi ManNheim, umukinnyi wa chess na bagenzi babo bo mu Burusiya basuye gereza y'Ubudage. Alekhin na Ilya Rabibich, bamara amezi mu bunyage, bari ababohoroga ndetse n'izirika, nk'icyorezo cya muntu.
Ku bw'amahirwe kuri bene wabo n'abakunzi, imfungwa nti zarashwe, abavundikire bashoboye gusubira mu ngo zabo. Muscovite, wifatanije n'igisirikare, yafashije ingabo amafaranga yacungwaga afashijwe n'impano no gutekereza.
Amarushanwa yo kwerekana yabereye i Moscou, Petrograpp na Odessa, abatavuga rumwe na nyampinga bashoboraga kuba abakinnyi b'Uburusiya. Hamwe no kuhagera kwa Vladimir lenin kubutegetsi kubera guhirika ubutegetsi, umukinnyi wa Chess yabaye ubwenegihugu butazwi bwukuboko.
Serivisi zidasanzwe za Bolsheviks zemerewe kwimura umukinnyi wa chess mu mahanga, aho yakoraga mu marushanwa munsi y'ibendera ry'igihugu cy'Abakomunisiti. Nyuma yigihe, umubano nuwavutse, wambuye Alexander Alexandrovich Regaliya, yari afite byinshi byahagaritswe ubuziraherezo.
Muri 20, Alekhin yerekezaga mu marushanwa ya Kongere y'Abongereza, aho yakinnye José Raul Kapablanca - Umunyamaguru Yemewe. Moskvich, wafashe umwanya wa 2, yatangaje ko umukino uhuye n'ikamba, ariko kubera kubura inzozi zamafaranga.
Gamarane, wari ufite imvange, yatangiye gushaka amafaranga mugusubiramo ibitabo bya siporo nigihe kimwe. Kuvuka ubwa kabiri mu Mufaransa n'amahugurwa muri Sontonne byabaye amahirwe mashya yo mu ntangiriro za polisi.
Mu ci ryo mu 1926, Alekhin yatangiye imishyikirano ku mukino ufite capplane idahwitse ku nkunga y'abakire. Ku rwego rwo kwitegura amarushanwa ku mutwe wa nyampinga w'isi, abimukira baturutse mu Burusiya bamaranye amajoro menshi adasinziriye.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, ikamba ritegerejwe kuva kera ryavutse aristocrat ryavutse, urumuri rw'umuco rwavuganye na chess ya chess. Ku gutsindwa buzwi hamwe no kwihorera nyuma yububiko bwa Alexandrovich, intsinzi amagana yarundanyije.
Mu myaka ya za 1940, Alekhin yashakaga kongera guhura na Capplant wongeye, ariko urupfu rwa Cuba rwambutse gahunda. Abanyaburayi bongeye guhura n'abateraga b'ikidage-fascist, uwahoze ari Ikirusiya yakoze ku bibazo by'imibonano mpuzabitsina.
Chess Ubuhanga bwatakaje uburenganzira bwo gukora amarushanwa makuru, bahanganye cyane, ayil eywe yatangije bidasanzwe na boycott. Intambara yateguwe na Mikhail Botvinnik yo mu Burusiya, irashobora gutanga ikibazo cyiza.
Urupfu
Urupfu kubera Asphyxia yarenze ku kindi gihe kitaramenyekana ku mukino w'amahame mu 1946. Inyandiko kwisi yose yubashywe no kwibuka umukinnyi mwiza wa chess kandi ushyira hejuru yinyenyeri yo mu Burusiya-Igifaransa.Bamwe mu banditsi ba biografiya bavuga ko Alexander Alexandrovich yishwe na serivisi zidasanzwe za Leta zubushakashatsi cyangwa abanzi b'Abanyamerika. Muri firime hamwe n'umugambi utatiwe, abayobozi bakekaga ko Gakuru yarozwe n'amaboko y'umukozi wa hoteri.
Abasovieti basaba nabi Alexander Alexandrovich, ariko ifoto ye yagaragaye ku mpapuro zamakuru menshi. Amabanga yubuhanga bwumukinnyi wa chess nyuma y'urupfu rubabaje yashishikajwe nabagenzi ndetse numucyo wumuco wuburayi.
Nyampinga washyinguwe muri Esorril, ariko umupfakazi ashimangira kohereza ibisigari mu irimbi rya Montparnasse. Amateka yumunyabwenge-ubwenge mumyaka mirongo yakwegereye abanyamwuga kandi ntabwo ari abantu batitaye.
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