Biography
Alexander Alekhin aive muRussia French-French chess Pless akahwina mishando yenyika muma1920s uye 1930s. Kukunda pamusoro peiyo legenary athlete José raul capablana yakakurukurwa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvedzidzo.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Alexander Aleksandrovich Alekhin akaberekerwa mumhuri yemufaro, kuma 1880s akagadziriswa muMoscow. Madzitateguru akagara nhaka yenyika - estate uye anozivikanwa, aizivikanwa kwemakumi emakore mundima yekutanga-yekuchinja.
Baba vane zita remitambo yeAristochrat nemitemo yeZemlyansky County uye yaive mutevedzeri weiyo 4th State Duma muna 1912. Amai, mudzidzi weMugadziri, akatsvaira pane zvekunyora, muhudiki zvakanyatsoenderana nepfungwa dzakangwara.
Mumba vari pedyo naAlexander vakagovera vamwe vacho nemukuru wehondo Alexei, uyo ane pfungwa dzakapinza. Mubereki ane vana vakatamba chess uye vanocherekedza husiku hwese, saka vanakomana havana kugadzira pakaundi, bhiza nenzou.
Achiri mudiki, Sasha zvakakomba akarwara neLeppmingitis, mumubhedha wakarambidzwa kubata chessboard. Vanachiremba vanorambidza mwana uye vakatenderwa kutsvaga mabhuku kumutsa kufarira zvidzidzo zvavo uye zvinorega zvishoma.
Mushure mekupora Alekhin akawira pasi pekuchengetwa kweiyo gutener, akabva atsunga pachikoro chakakurumbira. Baba vaitarisira kuti achiri kuyaruka angave gweta rakakurumbira, maonero aSasha emadzitateguru akagamuchira mune ramangwana.
Muhudiki hwake, mutambi weChess akadzidzidzwa pamitemo yemutemo muT. Petersburg Chikoro cheMutemo uye University kuMoscow. Pakazosvika zhizha ra1914, Alekhin mupi wezhasha, akanyora kuti "mushandi wehushumiro" mune imwe ikorumwa.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muchirimo cha1920, Alexander aive akaroora kekutanga, mumwe wake akavaka hupenyu hwakatiparadzaniswa kwemwedzi yakati wandei. Sasha Batava, zvinoenderana nendangariro dzevanhu venguva dzose dziri padyo nemhuri, dzakadzokera kumurapi wekubereka, mitoro uye tariro uye tariro. Chero chipi zvacho, chikonzero chekuti hukama nemudzimai wake hauna kushandira kunze, uye vaviri vakaputsa vasina kutuka pasina kutuka, zvisina basa ngano uye zvakagumburwa.Mutambi weChess akasangana nomutori venhau kubva munyika yakapfuma muEurope, Anneliz Ruegg, Swiss akakwezva kunge magineti. Achifara, ivo vakasiya Bolshevik russia, kumadokero, murume womurume womurume akatarisira kuberekwa kwevana. Mushure mekuonekwa kwemwanakomana Alexander Alekhin, Bachelor akadzokera kunyika huru yemahombekombe nemadzimambo.
Pashure pacho, satellite yeiyo chess player yaive katsi yenzvimbo isingagumi, Chess yaive iripo kumitambo yebvudzi uye laurily yakatevera mutambo. Muhupenyu hweAlekhina, mimwe migove miviri yepamutemo yakaitika, nyasha Vishar nenzira yakakodzera shamwari nemukadzi.
Chess
Mujaya hwake, Alexander akatanga kufarira kutsiviwa kwembiramu, Fyodor Ivanovich Duz-Hotimigsky akadzidzisa mumhanyi kukunda. Kutora chikamu mumakwikwi evana uye nhengo mune iyo Amateur Club inotsigirwa uye yakatendera mukoma mukuru, baba naamai.
Alekhin akatanga kutora mubayiro pane runyorwa rwemakwikwi ezvekunyorerana, izvo zvakaronga magazini inokosha yedzidzo. Kubudirira kweimwe tarenda yekurovedza muviri mumapati pane imwe nhema uye chena munda yakakonzera kuyemurwa uye kukudzwa rumbidzo.
Mushure memutambo wese weSuraseni, wakaita kuti Amateur zita, jaya rakatemera kunze kwenyika uye vakasangana nevanhu vanobva munyika dzakasiyana. PaMitambo muHamburg uye Carlsbad, chirongwa chakasiyana chakagadzirwa nemutemo wechidiki.
Pamakwikwi emakwadzo epamusoro, akanyanya kuvhenekerwa mumuchina, Alekhin naAron Shenitsić akaparadzanisa mubayiro wevaviri. Mukupedzisira kwemakwikwi epasi rese anoitwa muSt. Petersburg, Moskvich akapinda mumashanu uye akawanikwa zvakanyanya.
Hondo yenyika yekutanga yakawana Alexander mumuvengi Mannheim, mutambi weChess uye pamwedzi kubva kuRussia akashanyira jeri reGerman. Alekhin naIlya Rabinovich, basa remwedzi iri kutapwa, raive revaAustria uye hikrand, sedenda revanhu.
Neraki kwehama nehama, vasungwa havana kupfurwa, Sekuru vakakwanisa kudzokera kudzimba dzavo. Muscevite, uyo anonzwira tsitsi nemauto, akabatsira uto nemari nemari nerubatsiro rwetarenda uye pfungwa dzakadzidziswa.
Iwo maratidziro emitambo yakaitika muMoscow, petrograd uye odenssa, vapikisi veMuchamwari vangangoita vatambi veRussia. Nekusvika kweVladimir Lenin kune Simba nekuda kweNyika Coup, iyo Chess Player yakave mugari isingazivikanwe yerudzi rwepakati.
Masevhisi akakosha eBleshevek akabvumidzwa kufambisa iyo Chess Player kunze, kwaakaita pamitambo yemipisa pasi pemureza wenyika yeCommunist. Nekufamba kwenguva, hukama hwekuzvarwa, uyo akabvisa Alexander Alexandrovich alexa, aive nezvakawanda zvekuti akamiswa zvachose.
Makore makumi maviri, Alekhin aifamba nenzira yekuenda kuBritish Congress tournameni, kwaakatanga José Raul Kapablanca - Anotarisirwa World Champion. Moskvich, uyo akatora nzvimbo yechipiri, akazivisa mutambo wekorona, asi nekuda kwekushayikwa kwemari yekurota yakabviswa.
Sekuru, avo vaive nemusanganiswa, vakatanga kuita mari nekuongorora mabhuku emitambo uye panguva imwe chete yemitambo. Kuzvarwa patsva mumutauro wechiFrench uye kudzidziswa muScobonne kwakava mukana mutsva wekutanga wekutumira-Soviet pore.
Muzhizha ra1926, Alekhin akatanga kutaurirana pamutambo ane capplane yakashata nerutsigiro rwevapfumi. Kugadzirira kweshanje remakwikwi ezita remakwikwi epasi rese, mutorwa kubva kuRussia akapedza husiku hwakawanda hwekurara.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, korona yakamirirwa kwenguva refu yakawana muto mukuru akazvarwa, mwenje wetsika wakataura nezve mutsva chess rely recorcing holder. Kune kukundwa kwakakurumbira uye kutsiva kwakazotevera mukuchengetwa kweAlexander AlexandRovich, mazana evakunda vane simba akaunganidzwa.
Muma1940, Alekhin aida kusangana neyekaplont zvakare, asi kufa kwaKubi kwakayambuka zvirongwa. VaEuropean vakatarisana zvakare nevapambi veGerman-fascist, aimbova Russian akabata dambudziko remuzhinji.
Chess Genius yakarasikirwa nekodzero yayo yekuita pamitauro mikuru, mukwikwidzi max eywe akatanga kusarudzika uye mukomana. Kurwa kwakarongwa naMikivinnik kubva kuRussia, kunogona kupa mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka.
Rufu
Rufu nekuda kweAsphyxia yakabata mhirizhonga isinganzwisisike pamutambo wenhau muna 1946. Editions kutenderera pasirese yakakudzwa nekuyeuka kwemutambi weChess Mukuru uye akasimudza nyeredzi yeRussia-French.Vamwe vanyori vezvinyorwa zvakanetswa kuti Alexander Alexandrovich akaurayiwa neSoviet State Special Services kana vavengi veAmerica. Mune mafirimu ane ruzivo rwakashata, vatungamiriri vakafunga kuti Sekuru vakashatiswa nemaoko emuranda weRoma.
SOVIET YAKAPIWA YAKAITWA KUTI ALEXANDER ALEXANDROVIC, asi mufananidzo wake wakaonekwa pamapeji ezvikamu zvakati wandei. Zvakavanzika zvehunyanzvi hwemutambi weChess mushure mekufa kwakaipa kwaifarira pamwe nevamwe uye veEuropean yetsika.
Mudzimiriri akatanga kuvigwa muEstoril, asi chirikadzi yakasimbirira kuendesa kwechiripo chemapetarnasse cemetery. Nhoroondo yezvinonzwisisa-yakangwara kwemakumi emakore yakakwezva kutarisa kwevashandi uye kwete vasina hanya.
Kubudirira
- IV nyika yemakwikwi
- Grand kuhwina kwenzvimbo yenyika
- Yakatamba 1264 matche uye mapato emakwikwi
- Wakunda mu 62 mishando kubva ku87
- Chess cover kupfeka zita rake
- Co-Munyori akarwisa Shatara Alekhina muDhivhiti yeFrance
- Munyori anopfuura mabhuku makumi maviri pane chess dzidziso