Imbali yomlinganiswa
I-Minerva yenye yezona chastile zibaluleke kakhulu zeRoma zakudala, eziyinxalenye yeCapitol Triad. Iprototype yokujikeleza kwamagcisa, abadlali, ootitshala nogqirha baba yiMemena yamandulo, ethi emva kwendlu yamandla yachongwa noAthena.Imbali yendalo yempawu
Iingcambu zehlelo zithabatha ukuqala kwayo kwi-Ilerlenium BC. NS. Kwimpucso ye-etruscans. Intsomi yaba bantu inezinto ezininzi ezifana neentsomi zamandulo zamaGrike, nangona kunjalo zigcinwe kwaye zizodwa.
Phakathi koothixo abaphambili base-Etruscans, i-tin badweliswe (ihambelana neJupita), i-Uni (Junon) kunye neMerrva (Athena Pallada). Kukho ii-hypotheses ezibolekwe umfanekiso wemifanekiso ebolekwe kwiintsomi zePitz esemazantsi, e-BC. NS. ekugqibeleni boyiswa ngamaRoma.
Imisebenzi yothixokazi yayikukuzikhusela kwezixeko, kunye nokuhlala phantsi komguli wesigulana. Emva koko, uphawu olunjalo lwamkelwa ziitoni zamaRoma. Kodwa uphawu olusisigxina lomlinganiswa we-etruscan ngendlela yokungafiki kwenqanawa yokungafiki bahlala bengangwanga.
Kwinkulungwane yesithathu BC NS. I-heroine yaqalisa ukubonana ne-Greek Athena Palladya, ethe yathabatha imisebenzi yothixokazi wemfazwe nobulumko bayo. Njengoko urhulumente ekhula phakathi kwamanqanaba ayo enempembelelo, umculo, uncwadi, ubugcisa obubonwayo, wanyulwa. Emva kokwahlula inani labemi kwidolophu nasemaphandleni, amagcisa kunye nabalimi baqalisa ukunqula.
Ngokweentsomi, kwakunzima ukwakha indlu ngaphandle kwemvume. Yanyangwa amagcisa, ekhangela ukuphefumlelwa. Uluhlu lwezinto ezilungileyo luquka uncedo lwabafazi ekubulalekeni nasekuguleni.
Imifanekiso kunye ne-biography ye-minerva
Ukuhlonitshwa koo thixo mathathu ophambili - Minerva, uJuno kunye neJupita, amaRoma amandulo eyakha itempile yeCapitol ngenkulungwane yama-509 yenkulungwane ye-509 ye-BC. NS. Yayichonge i-Shried abo bodwa kwisimo ngasinye se-triyad. Nangona kunjalo, kungekudala umntu ongaziwayo wamisela ibhotwe.Emva kokuphinda-phinda kwakhona embindini wophahla, babeka umthambo kaJupita, intombi yakhe yabekwa ngasekunene kwakhe.
Intsomi yemvelaphi yothixokazi wobulumko nemfazwe ikwaneempawu ezininzi eziqhelekileyo nembali yaseAthene. Ngenye imini, isithupha saqala ukwenzakalisa intloko. Umnqophiso ophezulu obize i-Ibraletpia, owona mdlelayo ubalaseleyo. Kodwa nkqu ne-genius eyamkelwa ngokubanzi iyeza akunakumnceda ukuba ahlukane nentlungu enganyamezeleki.
Ikhathaza kakhulu, iJupita igqibe kwelokuba lo mbuzo ululeke kakhulu. Wajika wentaba-mlilo, wacela uNyana ukuba anqumle intloko. Intaba-mlilo ayizange ingabi nayo nantoni na ngaphandle kokuphumeza isicelo sikatata. Intombazana igxunyekwe kwintloko eyahlulahlula.
Imbalelwano, ngokweentsomi, kwabonakala kwi-Kiles, ebambe inkwanga ebukhali nengweletshetshe ezandleni zabo. Ke kwaqala ukubonakalisa amagcisa kunye nee-scalpitotors - i-versine encinci emzimbeni kwizixhobo zomkhosi kunye nesixhobo.
Ecaleni komfanekiso walo mfanekiso mngeni kwimizobo zabekwa iinyoka kunye nezikhova. Ezi zidalwa zifanekisela ubulumko, obonakalise ngokucacileyo enye yeempawu eziphambili zeqhawe. Umnquma wawusemifanekiso eqingqiweyo ecaleni kothixokazi.
Ukuba yintombi kaJupita, i-clarimier yanika icebiso malunga nobutshaba. Ngamaxesha anzima, le ntombazana yawakhusela ukubandezeleka okungapheliyo. Ngokutsho kwezimvo zamaRoma amandulo, yayingeyonto yokuphalazwa kwegazi. Rhoqo yayichasene neMars, nangona engazange abondle uloyiko kwaye azamile ukukhusela abahlali ukuba baphume emkhosini.
Emva kolo uloyiso, izipho ezityebileyo zaziswa kubaphangi babo. Ke, uLucius Ngumy Paul Paul emva kokoyisa kwe-Macedonia Inxalenye yenzwane itshisiwe, ecela oyena mxube. Umzekelo wayo walandela ezinye iinkokeli zomkhosi. Babekholelwa ukuba ngaphandle kwentombi yeJupita malunga nesiphumo esihle sedabi, awunakucinga.
Nakwiintsomi, nangobugcisa bokuxokayo, wabonakala kwintombazana enomtsalane, engenakubalwa, ngaphandle kwenani elikhulu lezinto ezihlaziyiweyo. AmaRoma amandulo ayekholelwa ukuba oku kubonakaliswa bubulumko bokwenyani bomlinganiswa.
Kwenye yeentsomi, intombi enyulu iyavela uThixo. Wacela uncedo kuAna wafungela u-Anna. Ekugqibeleni, yaqeshwa intlanganiso yosuku. Kwangokuhlwa, inkazana yangena enxibe kwaye inxibelele kumagumbi eMars, kodwa uAna wakhe ngokwakhe wayefihla ngasemva komkhusane. Umntu owayekhohlisiwe nguThixo wemfazwe watyhutyha kwindlela awasabela ngayo kwinkohliso yeVesus naseMdibanisi kulo mfanekiso.
Enye inqaku linxulunyaniswa noGorgon Jellyfish. Xa oko kwakusekuseni ekhethekileyo, uNeptune wayetshatile. Igcinwe ukusuka kwi-neronges, vgo weza etempileni ukuya e-Mirderway. Nangona kunjalo, endaweni yokukhusela, wayiguqula yaba yinto embi kakhulu ngeenyoka endaweni yeenwele. Ukuziphatha okunjalo kothixokazi ofanelekileyo kusenokuba ngenxa yokuba ukufa kwawa kukuchasa ukuthanda kwabo abatsha.
Ngokufanayo, iqhawe lentsomi lenze zombini amatayara, owambona ntwara lakhe eline-lacquer. Umlinganiswa wentsomi ovela kolo hla uyamfamekiswa, kodwa endaweni yoko wamenza umntu olungileyo. Xa uArachna, kwi-cansase yakhe, wabonisa unxibelelwano phakathi kweyono kunye nothixo, uMererva wohlwaya, ejika amathombe kwisigcawu.
Ukuhlonipha ukujikeleza koogqirha, amagcisa, iimbongi kunye nomkhosi ngethuba ukusuka ngoMatshi 19 ukuya kwi-23, iQuincland yenzeka eRoma yamandulo. Imibhiyozo enkulu ibanjwe wonke umntu ofundayo kwaye wanqula isithixokazi. Ngomhla wokutyulwa kwayo otyholwayo - Matshi 19 - iikeyiki ezibhakiweyo ngebhotolo nobusi.
Iimfazwe zendlela zokuzonwabisa zahlelwa kwezinye iintsuku, ngaloo ndlela ukutyhila indima yentombi yeJupita kwimicimbi yezomkhosi ebukumkanini. Iingcibi, ootitshala, ii-nyter ezithathe inxaxheba kwiholide. Ngokwesiko, ezi ntsuku abafundi babulele abacebisi babo kwisayensi.
Minerva kwinkcubeko
Imifanekiso yokuqala yoluhlobo lwentsomi yaqala ukuvela kwiingqekembe-Dupondy kunye noTrimes. E-Nerone, umfanekiso wengqekembe yengqekembe kwimbuyekezo kunye noothixo bambi.
I-Minerva, ngokwesiko, yayikwi-tunic ende, i-tenmet kunye nomkhonto okanye ikhaka. Ecaleni kwakhe kwafakwa isebe lomnquma. Emva kokuwa koBukhosi baseRoma, umfanekiso wayo uphinde wavela kwiingqekembe zexabiso le-100.
Kwinkcubeko yaseRussia, umfanekiso wothixokazi osetyenziswa kwimbasa, ezazikhutshwa ngenjongo yoloyiso emfazweni kunye neSwedes. Ukujikeleza kwamatyala emkhosini kuchongwe kunye ne-esgress enkulu - uCatherine I no-Elizabeth Petrovna.
Khange adlule kwihlelo loMkhuseli wamandulo kunye namanye amazwe. E-France, i-Great Britain, iBelgium, iPoland ikhona kwi-banknotes.
Ngexesha lemvuselelo, amagcisa athatha ibali lenkcazo yeentsomi zakudala njengeziseko zeplati. Kwangelo xesha, kwakungekho mntu umahluko okhethekileyo phakathi kwe-Mirerway kunye ne-Athenia Stallad kubugcisa bokubonwayo. Ngaphandle koku, owokuqala wayeyibonile injongo yeemfazwe ekuzisekeni ekuzimiseleni okusesikweni nokukhusela abo bahlelelekileyo, kwaye akazange enze yonke into ngenxa yegazi elibi.
UPaolo Veronese, umTheli wase-Italiya wabonisa le ngcinga "Minerva uqhuba i-mars kude nehlabathi kunye nokuchuma." Uthixokazi onesandla esinye esigubungela abantu, kwaye enye ibambe umgama wegazi legazi.
Imbono yombhiyozo wengqondo kunye nobulumko kwizinto ezenziweyo zazisekwe emsebenzini weBartolomeus "Minerva Pin ukungazi." Intombi yeJupita kwisigcina-ntloko kunye nomkhonto sime kwinzululwazi.
Ukuvavanya isiluleko sakudala se-etruscan semvelaphi ye-etruscan asiqinisekanga. Unekratshi kwaye unesiphatho, uyakwazi ukwenza inkohlakalo ngenxa yokungathobeli. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, ifuna ukwenza ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nexhala elinyanisekileyo lomntu.
Iinyani ezinomdla
- IGAMA LOMBUTHO WAMABANGO WAMABERMI WEMICIMBI YEMICIMFA YOMBULEKO EBONAKALISEKILEYO KWI-HERRY STRET-MCGONAGR.
- Ukuhlonitshwa kolu phawu lwentsomi, kwathiwa i-asteroid kathathu kwibhanti ephambili ifunyenwe ngo-1867.
- Enye yeenguqulelo, inenekazi elincomekayo kwidesika elidlala libonisa isithixokazi esimiyo.
I-Bibliography
- Inkulungwane - "Shotts"
- Ngo-1927 - "Diana. IVenus. Minerva "
- Ngo-1987 - "Iziseko zentlalo zenkolo yeRoma yamandulo"