Biography
Roland Bart became famous for research in the field of aesthetics, philosophy, literary studies and semiotics. The Frenchman left after herself an extensive heritage dedicated to mythology, iconic systems, metalanas and structuralism. Taking the total criticism of the bourgeois culture, the scientist attempted to create a "counterwatch" as a key tool for measuring reality.Childhood and youth
Bart was born on November 12, 1915 in Normandy. His hometown of Cherbouris represented a port in the north-west of France and later became famous for the music of Michel Lebonne and the film of 1964. Roland did not know the Father: the man was killed in battle when his son was not fulfilled and years, so about the sea officer Louis Barte, the philosopher knew only by stories and photographs.
After the death of the Father, the family moved to the south-west of France, where the childhood of the future literary crude was surrounded by relatives from the motherboard. The mother of Anrietta was cared for the child, as well as grandmother and aunt, who taught Rolan to the piano game. Love for music and literature developed a deeply feeling soul in it, susceptible to the beautiful. In 1927, the boy appeared by Michel's consolidated brother, born after the mother became the wife of Ceramist Andre Salzedo. After the death of a scientist brother became the keeper of his archives.
After graduating from school, Bart entered Sorbonne, which he graduated in 1939. Giftedness and interest in teaching brought him a number of first students, which, however, prevented constant diseases, due to which the young man often interrupted his studies. Because of the pulmonary tuberculosis in his youth, he was often placed in the sanatorium, and while peers went to the front of the Second World War, Roland's weak health turned out to be unable to serve his homeland.
Having survived the difficult war years, the Frenchman became interested in politics, adhering to the left views. Social equality issues and improved living conditions for unprivileged groups of society worried the mind of a young scientist, who simultaneously engaged in "distracted" philosophical issues, was fond of theater and semiotics.
Personal life
The scientist often did himself and his personal life with the object of his own research. In the book "Rolan Bart about Rolan Barta", which represents a mixture of a diary, novel and autobiography, the author attempted honest and multifaceted self-analysis. Despite the fact that the man was engaged in such "boring" things as philosophy and literary studies, he had celebrity status. After the release of the "fragments of the speech of the in love", the Frenchman began to invite to television, he had interviews such magazines such as Playboy and Ellle.Bart has never been married and lived all his life in the same house with his mother, which died in 1977. This loss writer was hardly worried, setting out sad thoughts in the "sortingle diary", which posted posthumously.
Scientific activity
Early, Trustormist, the period of creativity fell in the 1950s. At this time, the writer taught in Bucharest, inspired by Marxists and existentialists, studied the theater of the absurdity and engaged in journalism. His articles and essays were published in literary publications.
The main ideas of the Bart's structuralist period were semiotics as a combination of numerous connotative iconic systems, the formation of a modern myth and the problem of authorship. During these years, such works as "fashion system", "mythology", "death of the author" were published. These works contributed to science, but the most mature and fruitful stage of the French creativity became the poststructuralist, which began in the 1970s.
The new turn marked the publication of S / Z dedicated to the phenomenon of the metalanak overcoming cultural conventions. Following it, the book "Fragments of the Speech of Loving" was published, which brought a wide popularity to the author. In it, Roland explored love impulses and ways to implement them in the language, relying on the quotes of classical poetic texts. The last work of the Bart became Camera Lucida, illuminating the phenomenon of photographs and its semantic effects.
The legacy of the Frenchman had an impact on contemporaries and subsequent generations of researchers. Even small texts of the writer like an essay "The face of Greet Garbo" and "bourgeois vocals" give deep food to think about those who are interested in issues of culture and art.
Death
Despite the fact that health often faced Bart, the cause of the death of the scientist was not a disease, but an accident. On February 25, 1980, a 64-year-old man on Paris Street shot down a van. Roland was injured in the chest, from which a month later was died in a drink-salpetner hospital. Literary criticized not March 26th. At the farewell ceremony, spent in the courtyard of the morgue, about hundreds of friends and students were present. Buried the writer in yurt.Quotes
- "Other not me, and I'm not another. Another can not survive the experience of my actions. "
- "The letter is a harder language."
- "I am indisputable by myself, and in this I and the madness: I'm madman, because I am self-sufficient."
- "In the writer there is something from the priest, in the writing - from simple cleric: for one word is an independent act (that is, in a sense - a gesture), for the other - activities."
- "What is the myth today? On this question, I will immediately give a simple preliminary answer, exactly consistent with theseology: myth is a word. "
Bibliography
- 1953 - "Zero degree of writing"
- 1957 - "Mythology"
- 1964 - "elements of semiology"
- 1970 - "Empire of Signs"
- 1971 - "Garden, Fourier, Loyola"
- 1973 - "Text Pleasure"
- 1975 - "Rolan Bart about Rolan Bart"
- 1977 - "Drama, poem, novel"
- 1977 - "Fragments of the Speech of Loving"
- 1980 - "Clean Room"
- 1981 - "Criticism and Truth"
- 1982 - "Literature and Reality"