I-Biograge
Izibalo ze-UNESCO zithi izincwadi zakudala zohlobo lwe-adventure, umlobi waseFrance kanye ne-geographer jules Gabriel kuyiqiniso endaweni yesibili ngemuva kwenombolo yokuhumusha "umncika ugogo" u-Agata Christie.
UJules Verne wazalwa ngonyaka we-1828 edolobheni laseNantes, etholakala emlonyeni we-loore nase-policener yamakhilomitha avela olwandle lwe-Atlantic Ocean.
UJules Gabriel - izibulo emndenini wokholo. Ngonyaka emva kokuzalwa kwakhe, indodana yesibili kaPawulu yavela emndenini, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka engu-6, odadewabo u-Ana, uMatilda noMarie bazalwa benomehluko weminyaka emi-2-3. Inhloko yomndeni ingummeli esizukulwaneni sesibili sasePierre Verne. Okhokho bakaMama Jules Verne - amaCelt namaScots, abethuthela eFrance ngekhulu le-XVIII.
Emhlobiso, umbuthano wezinto ozithandayo zikaJules wanqunywa: umfana onomfundi funda inganekwane, enikeza izindaba ze-adventure namanoveli, futhi wayazi konke mayelana nemikhumbi, ama-yachts nophahla. Isenzo sikaJules sahlukanisa umfowethu omncane uPaul. Uthando lolwandle ngabafana bafaka ugogo.
Eneminyaka engu-9 ubudala uJules Verne uthumele ku-lyceum evaliwe. Ngemuva kokuphela kwenhlangano yezivakashi, inhloko yomndeni waphikelela ekufikeni kwendodana endala ekwakhiweni okusemthethweni. Lo mfo akazange athande ubuqili, kodwa wanika uYise futhi wadlula ezivivinyweni eziseParis Institute. Uthando lwentsha ngezincwadi kanye nothando olusha - ithiyetha - phazanyiswa kakhulu ngummeli we-novice ovela ezinkulumweni ngakwesokudla. UJules Verne wanyamalala eshayeni, akazange aphuthelwe yimuphi umlando futhi waqala ukudlala kanye ne-Ilabretto ye-Opera.
Ubaba, owakhokha izifundo zendodana yakhe, wathukuthela futhi wayeka ukuxhasa ngezimali jules. Umbhali osemncane wazithola eseseceleni kobuphofu. Usekelwe umlingani kozakwabo u-Alexander Duma. Esigabeni senkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini, wadla ukudlala kozakwethu, oneminyaka engu-2 "" ophukile utshani ".
Ngikuthandile izibukeli, futhi uDuma wanyathelisa ukudlala. Ngaleyo minyaka, uJules Verne wahlangana nendodana kaDumas - u-Alexander Duma Jr. NoViktor Hugo.
Ukuze asinde, umbhali osemusha wasebenza nguNobhala kuMshicileli futhi efundisa.
Into yokufunda
Ikhasi elisha e-Biography Biography of Jules Verne livele ngo-1851: Umlobi oneminyaka engama-23 wabhala futhi wanyathelisa ephephabhukwini i-The Mexico "eMexico". Lesi sithembiso saphenduka saphumelela, futhi umlobi opendiwe embongolweni ofanayo wadala izindaba ezintsha ze-adventure ezintsha, amaqhawe awo awela emjikelezweni wemicimbi emangalisayo ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zeplanethi.
Kusukela ngo-1852 kuya ku-1854, uJules Verne wasebenza eTheatre Theatre Duma, wabe esehlalisa umthengisi wokushintshana, kodwa akazange ayeke ukubhala. Ukusuka ekubhaleni izindaba ezimfishane, amahlaya kanye ne-libretto, wathuthela ekwakhiweni kwamanoveli.
Impumelelo yeza ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyi-1860: UJules Verne waqinisekiswa ukubhala ngomjikelezo waseRoma, wahlangana negama elithi "ukuhamba okungajwayelekile". Inoveli yokuqala "amasonto amahlanu endizeni" avele ngo-1863. Umsebenzi wanyathelisa uPierre-Jules Publisher kuyo "ezokuzijabulisa". Ngawo lowo nyaka, inoveli yadluliselwa esiNgisini.
ERussia, uthando oluhunyushelwe kwaFrance lwaphuma ngonyaka we-1864 olunesihloko esithi "indiza edlula e-Afrika. Yakhelwe ukukhumbula uDkt Ferguson Julia Verne.
Ngemuva konyaka, kwavela ukuthi kwaqhamuka unyaka wesibili kothando lomjikelezo, obizwa ngokuthi "ohambweni lokuya eMhlabeni", ukutshela ngoprofesa kaMineroGy, owathola umbhalo wesandla wakudala we-Icelandic Alchemist. Embhalweni obhalwe ngemfihlo, kutshelwa ukuthi ungangena kanjani emnyolweni womhlaba phakathi enkambweni yentaba-mlilo. I-Sci-Fi I-Fabul isebenza kaJules Verne isuselwa ku-hypothesis ayinqatshiwe ngekhulu le-19 umhlaba awunalutho.
Ngo-1865, uJules Verne washicilela amanoveli amabili omjikelezo - "Ukuhamba nokufika kweCaptain Gatas" kanye "noMhlaba enyangeni".
Inoveli yokuqala itshela ngokuphuma enyakatho ye-North Pole. Eminyakeni yokubhala, isigxobo sasingatholwa futhi umlobi wawumelele ngentaba-mlilo evumelekile, esenkabeni yolwandle. Emsebenzini wesibili, "lohambo lwabantu lokuqala" lwenyanga "lwenziwa futhi izibikezelo eziningi. Umlobi wezinganekwane uchaza amadivaysi avumela amaqhawe akhe ukuba aphefumule esikhaleni. Umgomo wesenzo sawo uyefana nakumadivayisi wanamuhla: ukuhlanzwa komoya.
Izibikezelo ezimbili ezengeziwe ezihlanganiswe empilweni - ukusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium emkhakheni we-aerospace kanye nendawo ye-cosmodrome prototype ("Cannon Club"). Ngokusho kombhali, i-carcebol-projectile, lapho amaqhawe afunda khona enyangeni, etholakala eFlorida.
Ngo-1867, uJules Verne wethule abalandeli babantwana baseRoma "kaCaptain Grant", babephindwe kabili ngeSoviet Union. Isikhathi sokuqala ngo-1936 nguMqondisi uVladimir Weinshtok, owesibili - ngo-1986 nguStanislav Govorukhin.
"Izingane zikaCaptain Grant" ziyingxenye yokuqala ye-trilogy. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, le noveli "izinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nane ngaphansi kwamanzi" yashicilelwa kwathi ngo-1874 - "Isiqhingi Esimangalisayo", Roman-Robinsonnada. Emsebenzini wokuqala, umlando kaCaptain Nemo, wangena kuma-puchin anemininingwane emanzini asemanzini aseNautilus. Umqondo ka-Roman Julia uzotshelwa ngumlobi uGeorges Sand, fan of insureval yakhe. Inoveli yayisekelwe kumafilimu ayisishiyagalombili, enye yazo - "" uCaptain Nemo "- adubule e-USSR.
Ngo-1869, ngaphambi kokubhala izingxenye ezimbili ze-trilogy, uJules Verne wakhipha ukuqhubeka kwenoveli eqanjiwe yesayensi "kusuka enyangeni kuya enyangeni" - "ezungeze inyanga", onke amaqhawe afanayo nabaseMelika.
Inoveli ye-adventure "emhlabeni wonke izinsuku ezingama-80" uJules Verne wethulwe ngo-1872. Amaqhawe akhe, iBriton-Aristocrat Fogg kanye ne-Paspartu engenamandla futhi athule, athanda abafundi ukuthi le ndaba yohambo lwamaqhawe ivikela amahlandla amathathu futhi kunezindawo ezinhlanu zekhathuni e-Australia, ePoland, eSpain naseJapan. E-Soviet Union, ikhathuni elikhiqizwa nguMqondisi we-Australia uLaif Graham, i-Premiere yayo yenzeka ngesikhathi samaholide asebusika ngo-1981.
Ngo-1878, uJules Verne wethule indaba 'kakaputeni oneminyaka engu-15 "ngomatilosi omncane waseDick Sande, owayenomyalo womkhumbi ongumlomo owela umkhomo.
ESoviet Union ngenoveli, kwasuswa amafilimu amabili: ngo-1945, isithombe esimnyama nomhlophe somqondisi we-vasily zhuravleva "ngo-1986" uCaptain Piligrim "" noRerei Prachenko, lapho ibhubesi igwadule " , U-Albert Philosov noLeonid Yarmolnik.
Emanoveli langaphansi kweJules, abalandeli bobuciko babona ukwesaba okwelapha ngalo umlobi ngaphambi kokuthuthuka ngokushesha kwesayensi nesixwayiso kusuka ekutholweni kwezinjongo ezinobuntu. Le yiqhaza le-1869 "ifulegi laseMotherland" kanye nenoveli emibili ebhalwe ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1900: "INkosi yezwe" kanye "ne-adventures engajwayelekile yokuphuma kweBaraka". Umsebenzi wokugcina wawunezela eNdodaneni kaJules Verne - Michel Verne.
Amanoveli e-Frenc umlobi waseFrance awaziwa kakhulu kunesiqalekiso futhi abhalwe ngama-60-70s. UJules Verne ophefumulelwe emisebenzini hhayi ekuthuleni kwehhovisi, kodwa ekuhambeni. E-Yacht "Saint-Michel" (izitsha ezintathu zodokotela wokuqala abizwa ngokuthi uLwandle iMedithera, avakashela uLisbon, eNgilandi naseScandinavia. E-steamer "Great-Eastern" wenza ukuhamba ngesikebhe esiya eMelika.
Ngo-1884, uJules Verne wavakashela amazwe aseMedithera. Lolu hambo lungowokugcina empilweni yomlobi waseFrance.
Udokotela onothando wabhala amanoveli angama-66, izindaba ezingaphezu kwama-20 nemidlalo engama-30. Ngemuva kokushona kwakhe, izihlobo, ebheka imilando, wathola imibhalo eminingi yesandla okugcwele uJules Verne ahlela ukuyisebenzisa ekubhaleni imisebenzi yesikhathi esizayo. Abafundi baseRoma "baseCorentieth Century" babona ngo-1994.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umlingani wakhe wesikhathi esizayo - u-Onorina de Vian - uJules Verne wahlangana entwasahlobo ka-1856 ezindlini emshadweni womngane. Azikho izithiyo emizweni ekhanyayo evela emshadweni wakudala (umyeni wokuqala uDe Win).
NgoJanuwari wonyaka olandelayo, abathandi bashada. U-Onorina nezingane wathuthela eParis, lapho ahlala khona futhi wasebenza ngoJules Verne. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4, indodana uMichel yazalwa ebili. Umfana wavela lapho uBaba eSaint-Michel edabula ulwandle iMedithera.
UMichel Jean Pierre Verne ngo-1912 wadala inkampani yamafilimu, ngesisekelo sawo amanoveli amahlanu we-Fathe avikelwe.
Umzukulu we-Novelist - UJean-Jules Verne - ngawo-1970 washicilela i-monograph mayelana nogogo odumile, owabhalwa yiminyaka engama-40. ESoviet Union, kwavela ngo-1978.
Ukushona
Iminyaka engamashumi amabili yamuva nje yokuphila uJules Verne wayehlala endlini ye-atute lapho amanoveli abizelwa khona amanoveli. Entwasahlobo yango-1886, umbhali walimala emlenzeni wokunganaki okungaguli ngokomqondo - iNdodana yensimu iyiqiniso. Mayelana nokuhamba okwakufanele ngikhohlwe. Isifo sikashukela kashukela sasixhunyaniswa nomjovo futhi eminyakeni emibili edlule - ubumpumputhe.
UJules Verne ushone ngoMashi 1905. Esikhundleni sobomvana, izincwadi zokubhalela eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-20 zasala kungobo yomlando, lapho abhale khona imininingwane evela kuwo wonke amagatsha esayensi.
Isikhumbuzo samiswa ethuneni lomangalo, othi: "Ngokungafi kanye nentsha yangaphakade."
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Eminyakeni engu-11 ubudala, uJules Verne uqashelwe emkhunjini we-Yunga futhi wacishe wabalekela eNdiya.
- Kuleveli ethi "Paris ngekhulu lamashumi amabili" uJules Verne wabikezela ukubonakala kwefeksi, ukuxhumana kwevidiyo, isihlalo sikagesi kanye nethelevishini. Kepha umshicileli ubuyile ukubuyisa umbhalo wesandla, ebiza "idiot".
- Abafundi bekhulu lamaRoma "ekhulwini lamashumi amabili" babonga umkhulu omkhulu kaJules Verne - UZhana uzobuya. Half Half century, lo msebenzi wawutha uthathwa njengenganekwane yomndeni, kodwa uJean - opera Tenor - uthole umbhalo wesandla emndezeni womndeni.
- Kuleveli "Ukufika okungajwayelekile kokuphuma kweBaraka" Jules Verne wabikezela i-vector eguqukayo egqoke izindiza.
- "Kutholakale eshonile" iZingtia ", umlobi wathethelela isidingo sendlela yolwandle esenyakatho yokuthola ukuzula okukodwa.
- UJules Verne akazange abikezele ukuvela kowesifazane wasemanzini - ngesikhathi sakhe asevele ekhona. Kepha uNautilus, olawulwa nguCaptain Nemo, wedlula ngisho nemigwaqo engaphansi kwekhulu le-XXI.
- Ukuphumeleli kwakuyiphutha, kubalwa umnyombo womhlaba kuyabanda.
- Ezibonelweni eziyisishiyagalolunye, uJules Verne uchaze izehlakalo ezenzeka eRussia, akakaze avakashele izwe.
Quotes Verna
- "Wayazi ukuthi empilweni izohileleka empilweni, njengoba besho, bathi phakathi kwabantu, futhi selokhu ukungqubuzana kwehlisa ukunyakaza, wabamba yonke indlela."
- "Ihlosi elingcono ethafeni kunenyoka otshanini obukhulu."
- "Akulona iqiniso, ngoba uma ngingaphenduki okukodwa, ngizoba ngumuntu ojwayelekile!".
- "Lo muntu wamaNgisi akakaze ahlekise lapho kukhulunywa ngento enkulu njengokubheja."
- "Iphunga ngumphefumlo wezimbali."
- "AmaNew Zealanders adla abantu kuphela abathosiwe noma babhema. Bangabantu abalungile nama-gourmets amakhulu. "
- "Isidingo uthisha omuhle kakhulu kuzo zonke izimo zokuphila."
- "Abancane izinsizakusebenza, izidingo ezimbalwa, kanye nezidingo ezimbalwa, okujabulisa umuntu."
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1863 "amasonto amahlanu ebhaluni"
- 1864 "Uhambo lokuya enkabeni yomhlaba"
- Ngo-1865 "Ukuhamba kanye Nezikhathi ZaseCaptain Gatas"
- 1867 "Izingane zikaCaptain Grant. Ukuhamba Ngaphesheya Komhlaba "
- Ngo-1869 "ezungeze inyanga"
- 1869 "Iligi Yezinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili ngaphansi kwamanzi"
- Ngo-1872 "emhlabeni wonke izinsuku ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalombili"
- Ngo-1874 "Isiqhingi Esingaqondakali"
- Ngo-1878 "Ukaputeni oneminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu"
- Ngo-1885 "Kutholakale Emvelani" Zingtia "Ofile
- 1892 "Inqaba E-carpathians"
- 1904 "INkosi Yomhlaba"
- 1909 "UJonathan Shipwreck