Biography
Iinkcukacha-manani ze-UNSCOCO zithi iincwadi zeClacsorics zohlobo lwe-adventure, umbhali waseFransi kunye neJografi uGabriel yinyani kwindawo yenguqulo ye "Agata" christie christie.
Ijule Verne yazalwa ngonyaka ka-1828 kwidolophu yaseNinte, ibekwe emlonyeni we-loire kunye nomfanekiso weekhilomitha ukusuka kuLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki.
IJules Gabriel-Isibulo kusapho lokholo. Kunyaka emva kokuzalwa kwakhe, unyana wesibini kaPawulos wavela entsatsheni, kwaye emva kweminyaka emi-6, oodade Anna, uMatilda noMarie noMarie bazalwa benomahluko weminyaka engama-2-3. Intloko yentsapho ligqwetha kwisizukulwana sesibini sePierre verne. Ookhokho bemihlambe kamama verne - ii-celts kunye nemichiza, eyafudukela eFransi kwiXaii yenkulungwane yeXvii.
Kwihofu, isangqa seendyebo zeJeents zagqitywa: inkwenkwe enomfundi ifundela intsomi, ukunika ukhetho kumabali kunye neenoveli, kwaye wazi yonke into ngeenqanawa, ii-Yachts kunye nophahla. Uhambo lukaJule lwahlulahlulahlula umntakwabo omncinci uPawulos. Uthando lolwandle ngamakhwenkwe lwazisa i-gogo.
Kwiminyaka eli-9 ubudala yejule ithunyelwe kwi-lyceum evaliweyo. Emva kokuphela kwendlu yegusha, intloko yentsapho yanyanzelisa ukufika kwesona sikhulu sonyana olwamkelwe ngokusemthethweni. Lo mfo wayengawuthandiyo ukulawula, kodwa wanikezela kuyise kwaye wadlula kwiimviwo kwiZiko leParis. Uthando lolutsha ngoncwadi kunye nenkanuko entsha - iholo yemidlalo yeqonga-iphazamiseke kakhulu yigqwetha le-novice kwiintetho ezilungileyo. Ijusi verne inyamalala kwi-TheATRIALL STORINE, ayiphoswanga nakuphi na ukuphambuka kwayo nayiphi na i-primeriere kwaye yaqala ukubhala imidlalo kunye ne-lilltto kwi-opera.
Utata, owayenikela ngezifundo zonyana wakhe, wayenomsindo kwaye wayeka imali yeJules. Umbhali oselula wazifumana ekwinqanaba lentlupheko. Ixhase uMlingane weNovier Alexander Duma. Kwinqanaba lemidlalo yeqonga lakhe, wafaka umdlalo odlalwayo 'osebenza naye oneminyaka emibini ubudala ".
Ndizithandile ababukeli, kwaye uDuma upapasha umdlalo. Kule minyaka, iJuas Verne yadibana nonyana kaDumas - Alexander Duma Jr. kunye neViktor Hugo.
Ukuze siphile, umbhali oselula wasebenza nguNobhala kumshicileli kunye nokufundisa.
Uncwadi
Iphepha elitsha kwi-biedy ye-bieles yejule ivele ngo-1851: Umbhali oneminyaka engama-23 wabhala wapapashwa kwijenali kwijenali yokuqala "idrama eMexico". Isithembiso sajika saphumelela, kwaye umbhali opeyintiweyo kwi-vein efanayo edale amabali amatsha amnyama, amagorha awo awela kumjikelo wezehlo ezimangalisayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zeplanethi.
Ukususela ngo-1852 ukuya kwi-1854, iJuas Verne isebenze kwi-dairical yethiyetha Duma, emva koko walungisa umrhwebi, kodwa akazange ayeke ukubhala. Ukususela kumabali amafutshane, iimbeko no-Labretto, wafudukela kwinoveli.
Impumelelo yeza ekuqaleni kwe-1860s: Jeiles Verne ifikisile ukubhalwa komjikelo waseRoma, umanyaniswa ligama "lokuhamba okungaqhelekanga". I-Noves yokuqala "kwiiveki ezintlanu kwinqwelomoya" ivele ngo-1863. Umsebenzi wapapashwa nguPierre-Juercher 'kwijenali yakhe yemfundo nolonwabo ". Kwakuloo nyaka, inoveli yatshintshelwa kwisiNgesi.
ERussia, iRomance iguqulelwe ukusuka eFrentshi iphume ngo-1864 enemilinganiselo "yenqwelomoya ebizwa ngokuba yi-Afrika. Yenzelwe ukhunge izandla uGqr Ferguson Julia Verne.
Kunyaka emva koko, ukuthandana okwesibini kwavela, kubizwa ngokuba "kukuhamba ukuya kwiziko", ukuxelela ngonjingalwazi we-Icelandic Alchemist. Kuxwebhu olufihliweyo, kuxelelwa ukuba ungene kwi-wrere yomhlaba nge-volkano. I-Sci-Fi-Fi ye-SCI ye-SCI-FI ye-SCI-FI ye-SCI-FI yeJights verne isekwe kwi-hypothesis engazange ilila ngokupheleleyo ngenkulungwane ye-19 ukuba umhlaba awungqubeki.
Ngo-1865, iJules Verne yapapasha iinoveli ezimbini zomjikelo - "ukuhamba kunye nokuhamba kukaKapteni Gattera" kunye "emhlabeni enyangeni".
I-Novel yokuqala isixelela malunga nohambo kwi-North Pole. Kwiminyaka yokubhala, isibonda sasingafunyanwanga kwaye umbhali wayeyimela ngentaba-mlilo esemthethweni, ekusembindini wolwandle. Kumsebenzi wesibini, uhambo lwe "" lokuqala "lohlobo lomntu lwenziwe kunye noqikelelo. Umbhali wentsomi uchaza izixhobo ezivumele amagorha akhe ukuba aphefumle esikhaleni. Umgaqo-nkqubo wesenzo sawo uyafana nakwizixhobo zanamhlanje: Ukucocwa komoya.
Uqikelelo oluninzi oluninzi olugqithisileyo ebomini-ukusetyenziswa kwe-aluminium kwicandelo le-aerospace firtifict protouptype ("Club Club"). Ngokutsho kombhali, iprojekti yemoto, apho amagorha aya enyangeni, abekwe eFlorida.
Ngo-1867, iJules Verliens abalandeli babantwana babaRoma ", bandiphindwe kabini eSoviet Union. Ixesha lokuqala ngo-1936 nguMlawuli Vladimir Weinhtok, owesibini - ngo-1986 nge-stanislav govorukhin.
"Abantwana bakaKapteni basinike" yinxalenye yokuqala ye-trilogy. Emva kweminyaka emi-3, inoveli "amashumi amabini amashumi amabini amawaka amawaka, apapashiweyo, kwaye ngo-1874 -" isiqithi esingaqondakaliyo ", Roman-roboonada. Kumsebenzi wokuqala, imbali ye-Captain Nemo, ingene kwi-puchins enamanzi kwi-Nautilus surmarine. Imbono ye-roulia yaseRoma iya kukhutshwa ngumbhali uGeorges, obe uthandane nobuchule bakhe. Inoveli yayisekwe kwiifilimu ezisibhozo, enye yazo- "Captain Nemo" -Umdubula kwi-USSR.
Ngo-1869, ngaphambi kokubhala iinxalenye ezimbini ze-trilogy, i-vernes verne ikhuphe ukuqhubela kwenoveli yesayensi "ukuya enyangeni", inyanga "ijikeleze abantu ababini baseFransi.
I-adventure nenoveli "kwihlabathi liphela leentsuku ezingama-80 zeJeadne iboniswe ngo-1872. amagorha ayo, waseBritani-intshisakalo Fogg kunye zangena kunye nokujika umkhonzi Paspartu, ngoko wayethanda abafundi ukuba ibali malunga uhambo zamagorha ukuba isixhobo eso sikhuseleke amaxesha amathathu kwaye kukho ezintlanu midlalo iikhathuni e Australia, Poland, Spain kunye Japan. KwiSoviet Union, i-castoon eveliswe ngu-Australia Mjijista uLaif Graham, i-Premiere yenzeka ngexesha leholide yasebusika ngo-1981.
Ngo-1878, iJuas Verne lazisa ibali 'lomdala weminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu ubudala "malunga nomatiloshe omncinci weDick Sanden, owayenomyalelo wayo, oliqela lakhe labulawa emfazweni.
KwiSoviet Union kwinoveli, iifilimu ezimbini zasuswa: ngo-1945, umboniso omnyama nomthengisi womlawuli u-Kusly Zhuravvava "" u-Andrein Piligrim "" u-Andrei Prachenko, apho ingonyama i-furov ihadi , Albert hilosov kunye ne-leonid yarmolnik.
Kwizindlu ezifike emva kwexesha zeejula, abalandeli bokuyila babona unyango uloyiko lombhali phambi kwenkqubela phambili yesayensi kunye nesilumkiso ekusebenziseni iinjongo zangaphakathi. Le yintsimbi ye-1869 "iflegi ye-Unindland" kunye nenoveli ezimbini ezibhalwe ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1900: "Nkosi yehlabathi" kunye "nokufika ngokungaqhelekanga kokugxothwa kwe-barbaka". Umsebenzi wokugqibela wawusongeza kunyana wejuler verne - Michel Verne.
Iinoveli zangasemva kombhali waseFransi aziziwa kakhulu kunokuba zibhaliwe kwi-60-70s. Ijusi verne iphefumlelwe kwimisebenzi engazange ithe cwaka eofisini, kodwa kuhambo. Kwi-Yacht "Saint-Michel" (iinqanawa ezintathu zovelwano ezibizwayo) Wahamba waya kuLwandle lwaseMeditera, watyelela iLisbon, eNgilane noCandinavia. Kwi-Steamer "Greit-Mpuma" yenza inqanawa ye-Trantlantic eMelika.
Ngo-1884, iJuas Verne ityelele amazwe eMeditera. Olu hambo lubokugqibela kubomi bombhali waseFransi.
I-novelist yabhala iinoveli ezingama-66, ngaphezulu kwamabali angama-20 kunye nemidlalo engama-30. Emva kokuba efile, izalamane zakhe, ukubukela oovimba, wafumana imibhalo ebhaliweyo ukuba iJule Vernene icwangciselwe ukusetyenziswa kwixesha elizayo. I-Romani "Paris kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini" abafundi babona ngo-1994.
Ubomi Buqu
Iqabane lakhe elizayo - i-onorina de vian - iJules verne yadibana kwintwasahlobo ye-1856 kwi-Amiens kumtshato womhlobo. Kwakungekho miqobo kwiimvakalelo ezikhanyayo kumtshato omdala (umyeni wokuqala wasweleka).
NgoJanuwari kaJanuwari kunyaka olandelayo, abathandi batshata. U-Ominous nabantwana bafudukela eParis, apho wahlala khona kwaye wasebenza ngejule. Emva kweminyaka emi-4, unyana uMichel wazalwa kwisibini. Inkwenkwe ivele xa utata eSaint-Michel wahamba uLwandle lweMeditera.
UMichel Jean Pierre Verne ngo-1912 wadala inkampani yeefilimu, ngesiseko seenoveli ezintlanu ezityebileyo.
Umzukulwana womoveli-jean-Jales verne - ngo-1970s wapapasha i-monograph malunga notat'omkhulu odumileyo, owabhalwa kwiminyaka engama-40. KwiSoviet Union, wabonakala ngo-1978.
Ukufa
Iminyaka engamashumi amabini anesithathu yobomi iJerne Verne ihlale kwindlu enamatree apho iinoveli zazichaziwe kwiinoveli. Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1886, umbhali wenzakalise emlenzeni ngokungaguqukiyo ngokungaguqukiyo - unyana kaMoya uyinyani. Malunga nokuhamba kwam kwakufuneka ndilibale. I-Diabetes yeswekile iqhagamshelwe kwinaliti nakwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo-ubumfama.
Ijule Verne isweleke ngoMatshi 1905. Kugcino, amawaka angama-20 amanye amabhakani ashiywe kwindawo yokugcina, apho wabhala ulwazi kuwo onke amasebe ezenzululwazi.
Isikhumbuzo samiselwa kwingcwaba labangathathi ntweni, elithi: "Ukungafi kunye nolutsha olungapheliyo."
Iinyani ezinomdla
- Kwiminyaka eli-11 ubudala, iJules Verne iqeshiwe kwinqanawa ye-Yunga kwaye iphantse yasinda eIndiya.
- Kwinoveli "I-Paris kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini" verne verne ixele imbonakalo yefeksi, unxibelelwano lwevidiyo, usihlalo wombane kunye nomabonwakude. Kodwa umshicileli ubuyile ukubuyisela umbhalo obhaliweyo, obiza "idiot".
- I-Romani "I-Paris" yaseRoma kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini "zabafundi babona umbulelo kunotatomkhulu omkhulu weJerne - uZhana uza kubuya. Isiqingatha senkulungwane, umsebenzi wawugqalwa njengentsomi yosapho, kodwa uJean-Pera Unor-wafumana umbhalo obhaliweyo kugcino lwentsapho.
- Kwinoveli "Ukufika okungaqhelekanga kwe-versing ye-barbaka" verne verne kuxelwe i-vector eyahlukileyo kwizinto zenqwelomoya.
- Kwi "ifunyenwe kumntu oswelekileyo", umbhali ulungisa isidingo sendlela yolwandle yaselwandle yokuhamba.
- Ijule Verne ayizange ichanekanga ukubonakala komtshato ongaphantsi-Ngexesha lakhe sele bekho. Kodwa uNautilus, walawulwa nguKapteni Nemo, wagqitha kwanamasonazi ngenkulungwane ye-XXI.
- Impumelelo yenze impazamo, ukubala i-shore yomhlaba kuyabanda.
- Kwiinoveli ezisithoba, iJules Verne ichaze iziganeko ezenzeka eRussia, zingaze zityelele ilizwe.
Ucaphula i-verna
- "Wayesazi ukuba ebomini uya kubandakanyeka ebomini, njengoko besitsho, bathi phakathi kwabantu, kwaye kuba imbambano iyacothisa intshukumo, wayebakhona yonke indlela."
- "Kulungile ihlosi ethafeni kunenyoka engca enkulu.
- "Ayiyonyani, kuba ukuba andikhange ndibenomvavanyo omnye, ndiza kuba ngumntu oqhelekileyo!".
- "Lo myalezo ungasulekisiyo xa kufikwa kwinto ebuhlungu enjalo yokubheja."
- "Iphunga ngumphefumlo weentyatyambo."
- "I-zealandrs entsha itya abantu kuphela kwi-od okanye etshaya. Bangabantu abalungileyo kunye neegormitha ezinkulu. "
- "Imfuno ngoyena Mfundisi ubalaseleyo kuzo zonke iimeko zobomi."
- "Zincinci izinto eziluncedo, iimfuno ezincinci, kunye neemfuno ezimbalwa, ukonwaba komntu."
I-Bibliography
- I-1863 "kwiiveki ezintlanu kwibhaluni"
- Ngo-1864 "Uhambo oluya embindini womhlaba"
- Ngo-1865 "ukuhamba kunye ne-adventures ye-captain gatteras"
- Ngo-1867 "abantwana bakaKapteni. Ukuhamba kwihlabathi liphela "
- I-1869 "ejikeleze inyanga"
- Ngo-1869 "I-25 lamawaka amawaka okwenziwe phantsi kwamanzi"
- Ngo-1872 "kwihlabathi liphela kangangeentsuku ezisibhozo"
- Ngo-1874 "ISiqithi esingaqondakaliyo"
- Ngo-1878 "umphathi weminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu ubudala"
- I-1885 "ifunyenwe kwi-DITTIA" ZIGTIA "
- Ngo-1892 "Inqaba kwiiCarpathia"
- Ngo-1904 "INkosi yehlabathi"
- Ngo-1909 "Ukuphuma kukaJonathan