Ubuzima
Imibare ya UNESCo ivuga ko ibitabo bya kera bya enterene ya adventure, umwanditsi w'Ubufaransa na Geographe Jules Gaburiyeli ari ukuri mu nyandiko z'ubuhinduzi bwa "Undi marango" Agata Christie.
Jules Verne yavutse mu 1828 mu mujyi wa Nantes, uherereye mu kanwa ka Loire no muri Polustener wa kilometero ukomoka mu nyanja ya Atalantika.
Jules Gaburiyeli - imfura mu muryango wo kwizera. Umwaka umwe amaze kuvuka, umuhungu wa kabiri wa Pawulo yagaragaye mumuryango, naho nyuma yimyaka 6, Matilda na Marilda na Marie bavutse bafite itandukaniro ryimyaka 2-3. Umutware wumuryango ni umunyamategeko muri Pasika ya kabiri Pierre Verne. Abakurambere b'im Jules Jules Verne - Abaselite n'Abanyamerika bimukiye mu Bufaransa mu kinyejana cya XVII.
Mu mutako, uruziga rw'ibyo bahuje, umuhungu hamwe n'umunyeshuri yasomye ibihimbano, atanga ibyifuzo by'imiterere n'ibitabo, kandi azi byose bijyanye n'amato, ubwato n'ibisenge n'ibisenge. Umucamanza wa Jules yagabanije murumunawe Paul. Gukunda inyanja nabahungu byarashize gose.
Ku myaka 9 Jules Jerne yoherejwe kuri Lyceum ifunze. Nyuma yo gusoza inzu, umutware w'umuryango yashimangiye ko umwana w'imfura mu kwinjira mu cyemezo. Umusore ntabwo yakunze inkiko, ariko yahaye se maze arenga ibizamini mu kigo cya Paris. Urubyiruko rukunda ibitabo nigishishwa gishya - Ikinamico - kurangara cyane numunyamategeko wa Novice kuva mubyiciro iburyo. Jules Verne yazimiye mu kibaya cya Teatcal, ntiyigeze abura premiere kandi atangira kwandika ikinamico na libretto kuri opera.
Se wishyuye umuhungu we, ararakara, ahagarika gutera inkunga Jules. Umwanditsi ukiri muto yisanze ari hafi yubukene. Yashyigikiye mugenzi wa Novier Alexander Duma. Ku cyiciro cya theatre ye, yashyize ikinamico kuri mugenzi we w'imyaka 2 "ibyatsi byavunitse".
Nakunze abareba, kandi duma yasohoye ikinamico. Muri iyo myaka, Jules Verne yahuye n'umuhungu wa Dumasi - Alexander Duma Jr. na Viktor Hugo.
Kurokoka, umwanditsi ukiri muto yakoraga n'umunyamabanga mu gutangaza no kurwana.
Ubuvanganzo
Urupapuro rushya muri biografiya yo guhanga rwa Jules Verne yagaragaye mu 1851: Umwanditsi w'imyaka 23 yanditse kandi atangazwa mu kinyamakuru inkuru ya mbere "ikinamico muri Mexico". Icyifuzo cyagaragaye ko cyatsinze, kandi umwanditsi ushushanyije mu muyaga umwe yashyizeho inkuru nshya nshya zidasanzwe, intwari zigwa mu byiciro bitangaje mu bice bitandukanye by'umubumbe.
Kuva mu 1852 kugeza 1854, Jules Verne yakoraga muri Theatre Theatre ya lyrical Duma, hanyuma akemura umuhuza w'amaguru, ariko ntiyahagarika kwandika. Kuva kwandika inkuru zigufi, Utukwa na Libretto, yimukiye mu kurema ibitabo.
Intsinzi yaje mu ntangiriro ya 1860: Jules Verne yatekereje kwandika ku ruziga rw'Abaroma, yunze ubumwe n'izina "ingendo zidasanzwe". Igitabo cya mbere "ibyumweru bitanu mu ndege" byagaragaye mu 1863. Akazi katangajwe na Pierre-jyale mu kinyamakuru cye mu "kinyamakuru cy'uburezi n'imyidagaduro". Muri uwo mwaka, igitabo cyimuriwe mu Cyongereza.
Mu Burusiya, urukundo rwahinduwe kuva mu gifaransa rwasohotse mu 1864 rwiswe "indege binyuze muri Afurika. Yagenewe gufata mu mutwe Dr. Ferguson Julia Verne.
Umwaka umwe, urukundo rwa kabiri rwo kuzenguruka rwagaragaye, rwitwa "urugendo rugana mu kigo cy'isi", ruvuga ibyahijwe na Mineralogy, wasanze umunyamakuru wa kera wa Alchemiste. Mu nyandiko ihishe, bivugwa uburyo wajya mu isi binyuze mu masomo mu kirunga. Ibikorwa bya Sci-Fi Fabul of Jules Verne bishingiye kuri hypothesis ntabwo byanze byimazeyo mu kinyejana cya 19 ko isi idool.
Mu 1865, Jules Verne yasohoye ibitabo bibiri by'uruziga - "ingendo n'ibitekerezo bya capitaine GATTERAS" na "ku isi ku kwezi".
Ikidodo cya mbere kivuga kubyerekeye urugendo rwa Pole y'Amajyaruguru. Mu myaka yandika, Pole ntiyavumbuwe kandi umwanditsi yagereranyaga n'ikirunga cyemewe, giherereye hagati mu nyanja. Mu kazi ka kabiri, "ukwezi" kwambere nabyo byatanzwe byinshi. Umwanditsi w'Impimbano asobanura ibikoresho byemereye intwari ze guhumeka mu kirere. Ihame ryibikorwa byabo ni kimwe no mubikoresho bigezweho: kwezwa kwumwuka.
Abandi bahanuwe batandukanye mu buzima - gukoresha aluminiyumu mu murima wa Aerospace hamwe n'ahantu ha cosmodrome prototype ("club ya Canmodrome"). Nk'uko umwanditsi abivuga, igikandara imodoka, intwari zagiye mu kwezi, ziherereye i Floride.
Mu 1867, Jules Verne yerekanye abafana b'Abaroma "abana b'umutware w'Abaroma", bari bakubye kabiri hamwe n'Abasoviyeti. Ubwa mbere mu 1936 na Umuyobozi Vladimir Weinshtok, icya kabiri - mu 1986 na Stanislav Govorushhin.
"Abana batanzwe ba Kapiteni" nigice cya mbere cya trilogy. Nyuma yimyaka 3, igitabo "gisekuru" lei munsi y'amazi "cyasohotse kandi mu 1874 -" ikirwa kidasanzwe "," Ikirwa kidasanzwe ", Romannada. Mu kazi ka mbere, amateka ya Kapiteni Nemo, yinjiye mu pushi ya aqueus kuri submune ya Nautilus. Igitekerezo cya Julia y'Abaroma kizobazwa n'umwanditsi Georges umucanga, umufana wo guhanga kwe. Igitabo cyari gishingiye kuri firime umunani, umwe muri bo - "kapiteni Nemo" - yarashwe muri usssr.
Mu 1869, mbere yo kwandika ibice bibiri bya trilogy, Jules Verne yatanze igishushanyo mbonera cya siyansi "ku isi kugeza ku kwezi" - "Hejuru ye", intwari ze zose z'Abanyamerika n'Umufaransa.
Igitabo cyamamaza "kwisi yose muminsi 80" Jules Verne yatanzwe mu 1872. Intwari ze, Britton-Aristocrat Fogg n'umugaragu wa Pasparture na Paspartu, bakunze cyane abasomyi ku rugendo rw'intwari, muri Ositaraliya hari abasirikare batanu, muri Esipanye, Espanye na Japaniya. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, ikarito yakozwe na Ositaraliya Umuyobozi wa Laif Graham, premiere yacyo yabaye mu minsi mikuru y'ishuri mu 1981.
Mu 1878, Jules Verne yerekanye inkuru ya "Kapiteni w'imyaka itanu" ku musare w'imyaka cumi n'imyaka cumi n'imyaka cumi n'umusore wa Dick Sande, wari ufite itegeko ry'ubwato bwa bloring, bwiciwe mu rugamba na baleine.
Muri Leta zunze ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti ku gitabo, Filime ebyiri zavanyweho: mu 1945, ifoto y'umukara n'umweru w'Umurongo wa Zuravleva Vasily Zuravleva Vasily Zhural "Andrei Praigrim" "Andrei Prachenko, aho intare Durov , Albert Philosov na Leonid Yarmolnik.
Mu masomo yatinze ya Jules, abafana b'ibihanga babonaga ikibazo cy'umwanditsi mbere y'iterambere ry'ihuse ry'ubumenyi no kuburira bivuye ku gukoresha ibimenyeshwa byihuse mu ntego z'umubiri. Iki ni igitabo cya 1869 "Ibendera ry'Ububyeyi" Kandi igitabo kishya cyanditswe mu ntangiriro ya 1900: "Umuhembe w'isi" na "ibintu bidasanzwe byo gutwara Birsaka". Imirimo iheruka yokongeramo umuhungu wa Jules Verne - Michel Verne.
Ibitabo byatinze byumwanditsi wumufaransa ntibizwi kuruta hakiri kare kandi byanditswe muri 60-70. Jules Verne yahumekewe ku mirimo atari acecetse ku biro, ariko mu ngendo. Kuri Yacht "Saint-Michel" (ibikoresho bitatu by'umwanditsi byahamagaye) Yagendagendaga ku nyanja ya Mediterane, yasuye Lissiyani, Ubwongereza na Scandinaviya. Kuri Steamer "Greit-Iburasirazuba" yakoze Cransatlantike muri Amerika.
Mu 1884, Jules Verne yasuye ibihugu bya Mediterane. Uru rugendo nirwoheruka mubuzima bwumwanditsi wumufaransa.
Umugororwa yanditse ibitabo 66, inkuru zirenga 20 na 30. Nyuma y'urupfu rwe, abavandimwe, babona ububiko, babonye inyandiko nyinshi zandikishijwe intoki ko Jules Verne yateganyaga gukoresha mu nyandiko imirimo izaza. Abasomyi "Paris mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri" babonye mu 1994.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Uwo twashakanye ejo hazaza - Yonorina de Vian - Jules Verne yahuye mu mpeshyi ya 1856 muri AmineS mu bukwe bw'inshuti. Nta mbogamizi zidafite inzitizi ziva mu ishyingiranwa rya kera (umugabo wa mbere de Wian yapfuye).
Muri Mutarama umwaka utaha, abakunzi barashyingiranywe. Aniteri hamwe n'abana bimukiye i Paris, aho yatuye kandi akora na Jules Verne. Nyuma yimyaka 4, umuhungu Michel yavukiye kuri bombi. Umuhungu yagaragaye igihe se uri kuri Saint-Michel yagendaga mu nyanja ya Mediterane.
Michel Jean Pierre Verne mu 1912 yaremye isosiyete ya firime, hashingiwe kuri ibyo 13 ibipimo bitanu bya farathe byari bikingiwe.
Umwuzukuru w'Abikurikirana - Jean-Jer-Jer-Jerne - mu myaka ya za 70 yasohoye monologra ku byerekeye sekuru uzwi cyane, wanditswe mu myaka 40. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, zagaragaye mu 1978.
Urupfu
Imyaka yashize yumuryango Jules Verne yabayeho munzu yamagana aho ibitabo byateganijwe kubitabo. Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1886, umwanditsi yakomeretse mu kuguru kwabarenganya mu mutwe - Umwana w'Umurima ni ay'ukuri. Kubyerekeye ingendo nagombaga kwibagirwa. Diyar Diyate yahujwe no gutera inshinge no mu myaka ibiri ishize - ubuhumyi.
Jules Verne yapfuye muri Werurwe 1905. Mububiko, amakaye ibihumbi 20 yasigaye mububiko, yandika amakuru ava mumashami yose ya siyanse.
Urwibutso rwashinzwe ku mva ya 13 rwagaburiwe, rugira ruti: "Kudapfa no mu rubyiruko rw'iteka."
Ibintu bishimishije
- Ku myaka 11, Jules Verne yahawe akazi mu bwato bwa Yunga kandi hafi yatoroka mu Buhinde.
- Muri igitabo "Paris mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri" Jules Verne cyahanuye isura ya fax, itumanaho rya videwo, intebe na televiziyo. Ariko umubwiriza yagarutse kugaruka inyandiko yandikishijwe intoki, ahamagara "igicucu".
- Abasomyi "Paris mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri" bakiriye gukurungura cyane kwa Jules Verne - Zhana bazagaruka. Ikinyejana cya kabiri, imirimo yafatwaga nkimyuka yumuryango, ariko Jean - Opera tenor - yasanze intoki mu bubiko bwumuryango.
- Muri igitabo "ibintu bidasanzwe byo mu ngendo za Birsaka" Jules Verne yahanuye ko hahinduka ihindagurika ry'indege.
- Muri "Zingtia" nyakwigendera "yanditseho, umwanditsi yatsindishirije gukenera inzira yo mu majyaruguru yo kugenda.
- Jules Verne ntabwo yahanuye isura yumusazi - mugihe cye yamaze kubaho. Ariko nautilus, gucungwa na kapiteni Nemo, yarenze n'inzyine z'ikinyejana cya XXI.
- Gutera imbere byari amakosa, kubara ishingiro ryisi birakonje.
- Mu mahame icyenda, Jules Verne yasobanuye ibyabaye mu Burusiya, ntabwo yigeze gusura igihugu.
Amagambo Verna
- "Yari azi ko mu buzima byagira uruhare mu buzima, nk'uko bavuganamo, bavuga ko bari hagati y'abantu, kandi kubera ko amakimbirane ahita ahita agenda, yakuye kure y'inzira zose."
- "Ingwe Nziza mu Kibaya kuruta inzoka mu byatsi byinshi."
- "Ntabwo ari ukuri, kuko iyo ntabanjirije, nzaba umuntu usanzwe!".
- "Uyu mucyo ntuzigera usetsa iyo bigeze ku kintu gikomeye cyo gutega."
- "Impumuro ni roho yindabyo."
- "Nouvelle-Zélanders barya abantu gusa bakaranze cyangwa banywa itabi. Ni abantu beza ni gourmets nini. "
- "Ukeneye umwarimu mwiza mubibazo byose byubuzima."
- "Abato, ibikenewe cyane, kandi bike mukeneye, umuntu wishimye."
Bibliografiya
- 1863 "Ibyumweru bitanu muri ballon"
- 1864 "Urugendo rugana hagati yisi"
- 1865 "Ingendo n'ibitekerezo bya Kapiteni Gatteras"
- 1867 "Abana batanzwe. Kugenda ku Isi "
- 1869 "Kuzenguruka ukwezi"
- 1869 "Ihuriro ibihumbi makumyabiri munsi y'amazi"
- 1872 "Hirya no hino ku isi iminsi mirongo inani"
- 1874 "Ikirwa cyamayobera"
- 1878 "Kapiteni w'imyaka 15
- 1885 "Yabonetse muri Kingtia" Zingtia "
- 1892 "Ikigo mu Gikari"
- 1904 "NYAGASANI W'ISI"
- 1909 "Ubwato bwa Jonathan