Tari
Kididdiga na UNESCO sun ce litattafan litattafan gargajiya na irin wannan sabuwar kasada, marubucin Faransa da sharuna na farko a matsayi na biyu dangane da yawan fassarar "Grandma Christie Christie.
An haifi Jules Verne a shekara ta 1828 a cikin garin Nantes, wanda ke bakin bakin Jober da kuma Polustenner na Kilomita daga Tekun Atlantika.
Jules Gabriel - ɗan fari a cikin iyalin imani. Shekara guda bayan haihuwarsa, na biyu of Paul da ya bayyana a cikin iyali, kuma bayan shekaru 6, 'yan mata mata, an haifi Matilda da kuma marile da Marie shekaru. Shugaban dangi shine lauya a tsararren ƙarni na biyu. The magabatan Jules Verne - Celts da Scots, wanda ya koma Faransa a karni na XVIIIII.
A cikin ado, da'irar hobbies na jules ya yanke shawara: Yaron tare da dalilan karanta almara, ya ba komai game da jiragen ruwa, yachts da rufin jirgin ruwa. Pures ta sha'awar raba saurayi Bulus. Soyayya ga teku da yaran da suka sanya jikoki.
A shekaru 9 da haihuwa Old Jules Verne da aka aika zuwa ga rufaffiyar Lyceum. Bayan karshen mai ba da labari, shugaban dangin ya nace kan isowar wani dan wasa a cikin kudin shiga doka. Mutumin bai yi nufin ikon yanke hukunci ba, amma ya yi wa ubansa ga mahaifinsa ya kuma wuce jarabawar a cikin Cibiyar Paris. Loveaunar Matasa don adabi da kuma sabon so - wasan kwaikwayo - mai jan hankali da lauya na Novice daga laccoci a kan laccoci akan dama. Jules Verne ya bace a cikin stookary, bai rasa kowane Firayim Ministan ba kuma ya fara rubuta wasa wasa da kuma Libretto na wasan opera.
Mahaifin da ke biyan karatun dansa, ya fusata kuma ya daina bada tallafi ga Juyin kudam. Matasa ya samu kansa a gab da talauci. Ya tallafa wa OMander Oe Alexander Duma. A mataki na gidan wasan kwaikwayo, ya sanya wasa a kan dan wasan mai shekaru 2 "ya karye bambata.
Na fi son 'yan kallo, kuma Duma aka buga wasa. A waɗancan shekarun, Jules Verne sun hadu da ɗan Dumas - Alexander Duma Jr. da Viktor Hugo.
Don tsira, saurayin matasa ya yi aiki a cikin Sakatare a Mailubersher da Tasto.
Litattafai
Sabon shafin a cikin tarihin halittar Jules ya bayyana a 1851: marubuci mai shekaru 23 marubuci ya rubuta kuma aka buga a cikin Jaridar Farko "Drama a Mexico". Wanda ya shirya ya zama mai nasara, kuma marubucin fentin a cikin wannan jijiya da aka kirkira wani nau'in kasada na ban mamaki a cikin sassa daban-daban na duniya.
Daga 1852 zuwa 1854, Jules Verne ya yi aiki a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayon gidan wasan kwaikwayon Lyric, sannan sai a raba dillalin, amma bai daina rubutu ba. Daga rubuta gajerun labarai, comeesies da arbretto, ya koma zuwa halittar litattafai.
Nasara ta zo ne a farkon 1860s: Jules Verne yayi tunanin rubutun zagayowar Roma, United da sunan "tafiya da baƙon abu". Farkon littafin "Makonni biyar a cikin jirgin sama" ya bayyana a 1863. Aikin da aka buga Pielre-Jules mai buga hoto a cikin "mujallar ilimi da nishaɗi". A wannan shekarar, an tura sabon labari zuwa Ingilishi.
A Rasha, an fassara soyayya daga Faransanci ya fito ne a cikin 1864 wanda ya cancanci "jirgin sama ta hanyar Afirka. Wanda aka tsara don haddace Dr. Ferguson Julia Verne.
Shekara daga baya, soyayyar ta biyu ta zagayowar ta bayyana, da ake kira "Tafiya zuwa cibiyar, wacce ta sami tsohuwar rubutun Merlandic. A cikin daftarin daftarin aiki, ana furta yadda za a shiga cikin zuciyar Duniya ta hanyar hanya a cikin volcano. Ma'aikaci-Fi Fabul Fiul na Jules Verne ya dogara ne da hasashen ba a ƙi shi sosai a karni na 19 cewa ƙasa ba ta lalace ba.
A cikin 1865, Jules Verne ya buga littattafai guda biyu na sake zagayowar - "Balaguro da Kasadar Kyaftin Gatteras" da "daga duniya a duniyar.
Littafin farko ya bayyana game da balaguron zuwa Poan Arewa. A cikin shekarun rubuce-rubucen, ba a gano furen ba kuma marubucin yana wakiltar shi tare da ingantaccen wutar lantarki, wanda yake a tsakiyar teku. A cikin aiki na biyu, na farko "Lunar" Wutar nan "ana yin tsinkaya da yawa. Marubucin masani ya bayyana na'urorin da ya ba wa jarumawa da ya watsar da gwarzo a sarari. Ka'idar aikinsu daidai yake da na'urorin zamani: tsarkakakkun iska.
Sau biyu tsinkaye sunyi ciki a rayuwa - amfani da aluminium a cikin filin Aerospace da kuma wurin Prossutype Prototype ("Cannon Club"). A cewar marubucin, motar-carrentive, daga abin da jaruma suka tafi wata, is located in Florida.
A cikin 1867, Jules Verne ne magoya bayan magoya na Roman "'Ya'yan Captent na Frivit", ya ninka biyu tare da Tarayyar Soviet. A karo na farko a shekarar 1936 ta Darakta Vladimir Weinshtok, na biyu - a shekarar 1986 ta Stanislav Goborukhin.
"Yaran kyaftin Grant" shine farkon kashi na Trilogy. Bayan shekaru 3, sabon labari "An buga dubu ashirin dubu dubu lie a ƙarƙashin ruwa" an buga kuma a cikin 1874 - "Island Island", Roman-Robinsonada. A cikin farkon aiki, da tarihin kyaftin Nemo, ya shiga cikin poteous putchins a kanutilus submarine. Wakilin marubucin ya zamar da yashi Georges yashi, mai son kirkirarsa. The Novel ya dogara ne da fina-finai takwas, daya daga cikinsu - "Kyaftin Nemo" - ya harbe a cikin USSR.
A cikin 1869, kafin a rubuta sassa biyu na rubutun, Jules Verne sun ci gaba da wani ci gaba na almara na ilimin kimiyya "-" a kusa da wata guda Bayar ", jarumawa ne guda biyu
Littanin kasada "a duniya na kwanaki 80" Jules Verne da aka gabatar a cikin 1872. Jarumarsa, Burtaniya-AROTRAT FOOGG da wani kogo da bawa mara amfani da cewa labarin cewa labarin cewa labarin cewa labarin da aka yi game da Australia, Poland, Spain da Japan. A cikin Tarayyar Soviet, da aka samar da zane-zane na Australia Laik Graham, farkon wanda ya faru yayin bukukuwan makarantar a 1981.
A cikin 1878, Jules Verne ya gabatar da labarin "shugaban kasa mai shekaru goma sha biyar" game da jirgin ruwan Dick Sand, wanda aka kashe a cikin yaƙin Whale.
A cikin Tarayyar Soviet a kan littafin labari, an cire fina-finai biyu: Captan wasa mai shekaru goma sha biyar "kuma a 1986" Kyaftin Pitigrim "" goma sha biyar, wanda zaki Durov ya taurare , Alberth Phosov da Leonid Yarmacnik.
A cikin marigayi litattafan jules, magoya na kirkirar kirkirar Kimiyya kafin saurin ci gaban ilimi da gargadi daga rijiyoyin gudanarwa a cikin dalilai nahuman. Wannan shi ne sabon labari na 1869 "tutar uwa" da guda biyu da aka rubuta a farkon 1900s: "Ubangijin dakaru da aka yi tafiya da Barsakoda". Aikin ƙarshe yana ƙara wa ɗan Jules Verne - Michel Verne.
Marigayi litattafan marubucin Faransanci ba su sani ba daga farkon kuma an rubuta su a cikin 60-70s. Jules Verne hure akan ayyukan ba a cikin shirun ofis ba, amma a kan tafiya. A kanacht "Saint-Michel" (kayan ukun da marubucin da ake kira) ya ziyarci Litse, Ingila da Scandinavia. A kan steamer "Greit-gabas" ya sanya transatlantic Cruise zuwa Amurka.
A cikin 1884, Jules Verne ya ziyarci ƙasashen Rum. Wannan tafiya ita ce ta ƙarshe a rayuwar marubuci na Faransa.
Littattafan marubuci ya rubuta litattafai 66, fiye da labaru 20 da wasa 30. Bayan mutuwarsa, danginsa, duba kayan tarihin, sami rubuce-rubucen littattafai da yawa cewa Jules Verne da aka shirya amfani da shi a kan rubuce-rubuce na gaba. Roman "Paris a cikin karni na ashirin" masu karatu sun gani a cikin 1994.
Rayuwar sirri
Mijinsa na gaba - Ororina de vian - Jules Verne a cikin bazara na 1856 a cikin bikin aure abokin aure. Babu sauran cikas ga masu walƙiya daga tsohuwar aure (mijin farko de wannan Wian ya mutu).
A cikin Janairu na shekara mai zuwa, masoyan sun yi aure. Onorina tare da yara sun koma Paris, inda ya zauna kuma ya yi aiki da Jules Verne. Bayan shekara 4, an haifi MIHEL AT ADY. Yaron ya bayyana lokacin da Uba a Saint-Michel ya yi tafiya ta bakin teku na Bahar Rum.
Michel Jean Pierre Verne a cikin 1912 ya kirkiri kamfanin fim, a kan wanda aka kare littattafan Fati biyar.
Jangon na marubucin labari - a cikin 1970s ya buga wata sanarwa game da sanannen kakan, wanda shekaru 40 ke rubuta shi. A cikin Tarayyar Soviet, ya bayyana a 1978.
Mutuwa
Ashirin da suka gabata shekarun farko na Jules Verne sun rayu a wani gida mai kyau inda farkon litattafan suka bayyana wa littattafan. A cikin bazara na 1886, marubucin ya yi rauni a cikin kafa mara kyau mara kyau - ɗan filin gaskiya ne. Game da tafiya Dole ne in manta. An haɗa da ciwon sukari na sukari ga allura kuma a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata - makanta.
Jules Verne ya mutu a watan Maris 1905. A cikin tarin bayanai, an bar littattafan rubutu dubu 20 a cikin kayan tarihin, wanda ya yi rikodin bayani daga dukkan rassan kimiyya na kimiyya.
An kafa abin tunawa a kan kabarin marubuci, wanda ya ce: "Zagi dawwama da ƙuruciya na har abada."
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- A shekara 11, Jules Verne ya yi aiki a kan jirgin ruwan Yuna da kusan tserewa zuwa Indiya.
- A cikin littafin labari "Paris a cikin karni na 20" Jules Verne annabta bayyanar Fax, sadarwa ta bidiyo, kujerar lantarki, kujerar lantarki. Amma mai shela ya dawo ya dawo da rubutun, yana kiran "wawaye".
- Roman "Paris a cikin karni na 20" karatuttukan sun ga godiya ga manyan manyan-kaka Verne - Zhana za ta dawo. Rabin karni, aikin da aka yi la'akari da tatsuniyoyi na iyali, amma Jean - Opera Tenoror - ya sami rubutun rubutu a cikin ɗakin tarihin.
- A cikin littafin labari "da ba a sani ba na ba da labari na Barsaka" Jules Verne ya yi hasashen wani mai zazzagewa a cikin jirgin sama.
- A cikin "samu daga mamacin" zingtia ", marubucin ya barata bukatar Tekun Tekun Arewa na kewayawa.
- Jules Verne ba ta hango bayyanar submarine ba - a lokacinsa ta riga ta rayu. Amma nautilus, wanda kyaftin din nemo, ya wuce subbanarrun karni na XXI.
- Brop ya kuskure kuskure, yana kirgawa ainihin ƙasa yana da sanyi.
- A cikin litattafai na tara, Jules Verne ya bayyana abubuwan da suka bayyana a cikin Rasha, ba za su ziyarci kasar ba.
Kwatancen Verna
- "Ya san cewa a rayuwa zai shiga rayuwa, kamar yadda suke fada, sun ce, da tunda jinin ya rage tafiyar, sai ya kori har zuwa."
- "Gara mai kyau a cikin kwari da maciji a cikin ciyawa mai girma."
- "Ba gaskiya bane, domin idan ba ni da dorewa guda, zan zama talakawa talakawa!".
- "Wannan Ingilishi ba ya yin dariya idan ya zo ga irin wannan mummunan abu kamar yin fare."
- Kamshin murhun fure ne. "
- "New Zealanders suna cin mutane kawai a cikin soyayyen ko kyafaffen su. Su mutane ne masu kirki da manyan gourmets. "
- "Bukatar ita ce mafi kyawun malami a cikin kowane yanayi na rayuwa."
- "Karamin yanayin m, da ƙasa da bukatun, da kuma bukatun mutum, farin ciki na mutumin."
Littafi daya
- 1863 "Makonni biyar a balloon"
- 1864 "tafiya zuwa tsakiyar duniya"
- 1865 "Tafiya da Kasadar Kyaftin Gateteras"
- 1867 "Yaran da kyaftin ya bayar. Tafiya a duk faɗin duniya "
- 1869 "A kusa da wata"
- 1869 "Kungiyar ta dubu ashirin da aka yi a karkashin ruwa"
- 1872 "A duk duniya tsawon kwanaki tamanin"
- 1874 "Island Island"
- 1878 "Kyakkyawan shekara goma sha biyar"
- 1885 "An samo shi daga mamacin" Zingtia "
- 1892 "Castle a cikin Carpatiyawa"
- 1904 "Ubangijin duniya"
- 1909 "Jonathan Rotwreck