I-Biograge
UMax Weber ungomunye walezo zibalo ezibhekwa ngokusemthethweni abasunguli besayensi yesayensi yezenhlalo ebukhali (kanye noKarl Marx no-Emil Durkheim). Kodwa-ke, imibono nemisebenzi yesayensi yathonya inani lezincwadi zomphakathi, kanye nemiqondo eminingi yobuholi nokuphatha (okubizwa ngokuthi "izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zokubusa", okungukuthi, iziphathimandla) zisasebenza kahle emkhakheni wezepolitiki.Ubuntwana nentsha
UMaximilian Karl Emil Weber (igama eligcwele eligcwele lesayensi yezenhlalo) wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 21, 1964 edolobheni laseJalimane le-Erfurt. Umfana waba yindodana endala emndenini, emva kwakhe, kwazalwa ezinye izingane eziyisithupha (kolunye ulwazi - eziyisishiyagalombili, kepha ezimbili zafa zisencane).
Ubaba uWeber Weber wabamba okuthunyelwe kombuso, futhi wahlanganisa neqembu likazwelonke lenkululeko. Ngenxa yalokhu, indlu ka-Weeber yayivame ukuqoqa izibalo ezivelele zezepolitiki, ososayensi, abamele abaphathi bendawo.
Umfana wakhulela emkhathini wezingxoxo zezombusazwe, imibono ehlukahlukene nezingxabano ezihlakaniphile ezindabeni ezahlukahlukene, ezazingakwazi kodwa kuthinta ukwakheka kwemibono yakhe emhlabeni. Ngesinye isikhathi, ukuba ngumheko, uMaximilian walungisa abazali bakhe isipho esijwayelekile sikaKhisimusi - izindatshana ezibhalwe ngokuzimela zomlando.
Kepha amakilasi endabuko anabafundisi ashiye umngane ongenandaba kaMaximilian: umfana wakhungatheka ekilasini, futhi kwesinye isikhathi wayengazinaki imisebenzi yothisha, eshintsha lokhu engozini. Kepha sekusebusheni, uMax Weber wafunda umtapo wezincwadi kababa, ejwayelene nezincwadi zasendulo zamaJalimane nezesayensi, kanye nezincwadi ze-World Classics.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubudlelwane obukhulu baseMaximilian nabazali babo bashaywa. Ngokwezinsizwa, uBaba ubheke injabulo yasemhlabeni okwabonakala kufakwa uWeber. Umama, kunalokho, onamathele emibonweni yeCalvinism (umsunguli wazo izazi zemfundiso yenkolo ezaba nguJean Calvin) futhi wafuna ukugcwaliseka ngokuphelele.
Ngo-1882, uMaximilian Weber wangena eHeidelberg University, ekhetha ukufunda ubuqili. Bambalwa kamuva abantu abasha abadluliselwe eBerlin University. Iminyaka yokuqala, njengoba uMax Weber avumile, akazange ayinaki imibuthano yabafundi ejabule ngobhiya, futhi wayethanda ukubiyela.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuzange kuhlupheke ngempumelelo ezifundweni zabo, futhi ngokushesha le nsizwa yaqala ukusebenza njengomsizi wommeli, ngithola okuhlangenwe nakho okusebenzayo. Ngo-1886, uWeber wakhuthazelela ukuhlolwa okuvumela insizwa ukuba isebenze ngokuzimela.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, uMax Weber waba udokotela womthetho, wavikela i-thesis yakhe. Ngemuva kwalokho, uWeber waqhubeka nokufunda umthetho wamazwe omhlaba futhi alungiselele okunye ukubhekelwa ngumkhandlu wesayensi. I-Parallel Maximilian yathola indawo yothisha eBerlin University. Futhi, le nsizwa yanikeza izeluleko ngezinkinga ezingokomthetho.
Isayensi nezenhlalo
Ngaphezu kwe-jurisprudence, uMax Weber naye wayenesithakazelo kwezenhlalo, noma esikhundleni senqubomgomo yezenhlalo. Usosayensi waze wajoyina i- "Union of Social Polication", lapho ngabantu abanomqondo ofanayo ngafunda khona isikhashana.
Imibono esemqoka yamalungu eNhlangano yayisekwe kwisimiso esiyinhloko: Ngokubona kwabo, isayensi yezomnotho kufanele ibhekwe njengethuluzi elisivumela ukuxazulula izinkinga zenhlalo emphakathini wamanje. Ngasikhathi sinye, uWeber wahlangabezana nezepolitiki, wajoyina iqembu le-centrerist yesobunxele.
Ngo-1984, uMax Weber wathuthela eFreiburg, lapho aqala khona ukufundisa umnotho eyunivesithi. Ngokufana, usosayensi wahlangana naye ezungeza yena ngokwakhe bezazi zalesosikhathi, ebikaze lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "umbuthano we-weber", okufakiwe, abantu abathandekayo besikhathi: UMark Block, uRobert Michels, uWerner Zombart nabanye.
UMax Weber uqhubeke nokufunda umnotho nomlando welungelo lomongo wezenhlalo kanye nemibono yezenhlalo. Cishe ngaleso sikhathi, umqondo wokuqonda wezenhlalo ehlongozwa yi-weber wavela.
Ngo-1897, uMax Weber waxabana kakhulu noyise, futhi ezinyangeni ezimbili kamuva washona, futhi akazange abuyisane nendodana yakhe. Lolu lusizi luthonya kakhulu i-max weber psyche, usosayensi wangena ekucindezelekeni, waqala ukuhlupheka ngenxa yokuqwasha nokuxineka okwethukile. U-Weber wayeka ukufundisa futhi wachitha izinyanga eziningana eSanatorium, wabe eseya e-Italy iminyaka emibili, lapho abuya khona kuphela entwasahlobo ka-1902.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi usosayensi uchaze ngokuningiliziwe ukwesaba, ukuphazamiseka kwakhe futhi waqala ukuphambuka esimweni sezengqondo, kodwa owakwakhe wachitha la marekhodi, esesabe ukuthi bangadala wonke umyeni wakhe.
Ngo-1903, uMax Weber walulama ekushayweni okubangelwa ukufa kukaYise, kodwa wabuyela emsebenzini wesayensi, kodwa ukufundisa okuncamela okuthunyelwe komhleli osizayo ejenali yesayensi. Ngemuva konyaka, uWeber washicilela umsebenzi wakhe osemqoka kuhlobo olufanayo, olubizwa ngokuthi "amaProthestani Ethics nomoya wobukhulu", onikezelwe ekuxhumaneni kwesiko nenkolo, kanye nethonya labo ekwakhekeni kohlelo lwezomnotho.
Imisebenzi yeNhlangano Yezenhlalo Yezenhlalo idumaze usosayensi, kwathi ngo-1909, ndawonye uMax Weber, kanye noRudolph Zombart, uRudolph Goldshid wasungula eyakhe "umgcinimafa wobukhosi bokuqala", umgqugquzeli wawo wokuqala .
Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, uWeber wayishiya le nhlangano, ezama ukuhlela iqembu lakhe lezepolitiki. Umqondo kaMax Weber waba yinhlangano yeNhlangano kanye namaSocial Democrats, kepha lesi sithembiso saphenduka sehluleki.
Ekuqaleni kweWorld War Max Weber yaya evolontiya ngaphambili, lapho ahlela khona izibhedlela zasensimini nasezibhedlela zempi. Izinsuku ezingaphambili zishintshe imibono yososayensi ekwandeni kweJalimane. Uma ekuqaleni uWeber esekela inqubomgomo kaKaiser, kwathi emva kwesikhathi esithile kwaba ngomunye wabagxeki bakhe be-jar.
UMax Weber ubuye wagqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwentando yeningi kohlelo lwezepolitiki eJalimane, ukwethulwa komthetho wokhetho lwendawo yonke kanye nezinguquko zomthethosisekelo, ikakhulukazi, ukwethulwa kweHhovisi likaMongameli lokuphikisana nokuphikisana nokuphikisana nokuphikisana nokuphikisana nokuphikisana nokuhlekisa. UWeber ubuye wabeka owakhe ukhetho lakhe okhethweni lwePhalamende, kepha alutholanga inani elifanele lamavoti ukusekela.
Ngo-1919, uMax Weber, wadumala kwezepolitiki, wabuyela ekufundiseni. Izinkulumo zokugcina zososayensi kamuva zaqoqwa ngaphansi kwesembozo sezincwadi "Isayensi njengomsebenzi kanye nomsebenzi" kanye "nepolitiki njengomsebenzi kanye nomsebenzi". Kodwa-ke, akuwona konke ukubukeka kukaWeber okuhlangene nokuvunywa: eminye yemibono yakhe kwinqubomgomo yamanje, ngokuzethemba kwamandla, kanye nemicimbi ye-Novemba, yaqoqwa ngaphansi kwamafasitela ofakazi welungelo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UMax Weber wayeshade. Unkosikazi kasososayensi waba yisihlobo esikude okuthiwa nguMarianna Schniitger. Owesifazane wabelana ngentshisekelo yomngane womshado kwisayensi kanye ne-meorly yezenhlalo, imfundiso yezenzo zenhlalo futhi waze waqeqesheka amalungelo abesifazane.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amahemuhemu amaningi ahamba ngempilo yomuntu kaMax Weber: Bahle kakhulu ukuthi abashadikazi bagcina inhlanzeko futhi abathinti omunye komunye, futhi ubudlelwane bungabathina kuphela ngenhlonipho nangezithakazelo ezijwayelekile. Kwakungekho zingane kulo mshado.
Ukushona
UMax Weber's Earth Biople waphela ngoJuni 14, 1920.
Usosayensi wathatha i- "Spaniard" - umkhuhlane onamandla kunawo wonke, owayeyinkimbinkimbi yi-pneumonia. Kusukela ku-weber yokugcina futhi wafa.
I-Bibliography
- 1889 - "Umlando wobambiswano lwezentengiselwano ngeNkathi Ephakathi"
- Ngo-1891 - "Umlando wezolimo waseRoma nomthelela wawo emthethweni womphakathi nangosese"
- Ngo-1892 - "Isikhundla sabasebenzi bezolimo e-East Germany"
- Ngo-1895 - "Inqubomgomo Yezwe Nezomnotho"
- Ngo-1920-1921 - "Kuqoqwe imisebenzi kwi-Sociology of Religion"
- Ngo-1921 - "Izisekelo Zengqondo Nezenhlalo Zomculo"
- Ngo-1924 - "Indaba Ejwayelekile Yezomnotho"
- Ngo-1925 - "Umnotho kanye Nomphakathi"
- 1956 - "Sociology of the State"