I-Biograge
U-Anton Brookner ungumqambi wase-Austria wekhulu le-19, ifa lakhe lokudala lakha ama-symphonies nezinyathelo. Abagxeki babonisa imisebenzi yombhali njengokwakheka ngokuguqulwa okuvumelanayo kanye ne-polyphony polyphony. Igama likaBruckner laziwa namuhla hhayi kubo bonke abalandeli bomculo we-classic, kepha bathonye isizukulwane esilandelayo sabaqambi nabaculi, kubandakanya noGustav Malener.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Anton Bruckner wazalwa ngoSepthemba 4, 1824 e-Ansfelden. INdodana yothisha abampofu kusukela ebuntwaneni bathokozela ngomculo futhi bathola izifundo zokuqala kumzali wakhe. Eminyakeni engu-6, u-Anton wanikezwa isikole. Kunelukuluku lokuthi umfana, ukuba ngumfundi, wasiza uyise emsebenzini wezindawo ezihamba ngezinyawo futhi wachazela abafunda nabo ekilasini abangacaci bona bazenza ama-nuances.
Ngo-1833, u-Anton wadluliselwa esikoleni ekuHershing, lapho afunda khona ngaphansi kokuqala koJohann Baptist Weissa. Waphenduka umlandeli omkhulu womculo, kanye nomzimba onethalente futhi waba nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwezinselelo zewadi.
Imisebenzi yokuqala yomfana idalwe eneminyaka eyi-10. "Ver Präludien e-ES-Dur Für Orgel" yenzelwe ukwenziwa emzimbeni. Ngalesi sikhathi, uYise ka-Anton wagula, futhi le nsizwa kwakudingeka iye ekhaya. Ngemuva kokushona komzali ngonyaka we-1837, wangena ekuqeqesheni esontweni sabahlabeleli esigodlweni saseSt. Florian.
Umfana wafunda umdlalo we-violin, isitho kanye nopiyano. Isikhathi esithile ngithole imfundo eLinz, ngabe sengiqala ukusebenza njengomsizi kathisha esiswini sesigcawu. IBrookner nayo ayizange ilimaze imisebenzi ejwayelekile yasemakhaya futhi yenziwa emdanso owake wadansa.
Umculi uqhubeke nokufunda umdlalo esitholweni futhi washeshisa umbono wokwakheka. Kusukela ngo-1845, wafundisa umculo futhi wasebenza njengomzimba esigodlweni sezindela. Ngemuva kwalokho iBrookner yathuthela eLinz, lapho aqhubeka khona nomsebenzi we-organistal eKhathedrali lendawo. Ngalesi sikhathi sesikhathi, ukuqedwa kokuqeqeshwa kwabakwaComposer Craft. Lo mfo uqala ukuhamba, avakashele iVienna, lapho ajwayela khona noRichard Wagner, uhlu lweFerenz noHerlioz.
Umculo
Ukuthandwa kwafika eBrooknenu hhayi ngokushesha. I-biography yokudala yombhali igcwele imicimbi ethokozisayo eyedlule ukukhula kokuthandwa. Kusukela ngo-1845, waphupha ngokwakha umsebenzi we-organist. Kusukela ngo-1861 kuya ku-1863, ukufundela umsebenzi we-wagner, kwaqhubeka nokubuyisa ulwazi okugcinwe khona futhi kwafunda kuze kube yiminyaka engama-40. Udumo nokwamukelwa kwamthola iminyaka engama-60 kuphela.
Ngomhlaka 1868, uSimon Zehter washona, uthisha ofunde u-Anton Bruckner. Unikezwe ukuthatha isikhundla sothisha emcabangweni womculo eVienna Conservatory futhi wenza inkantolo e-organist. Umqambi wathuthela eVienna. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, wazinikezela ekwakhekeni kwe-symphony. Abagxeki bebengabhekwa njengoqinile futhi babona emisebenzini yombhali, ukuntuleka kwencazelo.
U-Anton Bruckner wabhala isisindo. Imisebenzi yokuqanjwa okukhulu kwefomethi inhlonipho yayibhekwa njengengatholakali ngokwakhe, ngoba wanikela ngethalente lakhe. Wayenokulungile ngobuhlakani bakhe, ngakho-ke isikhathi eside sabhala ama-Essay amafushane. Ngasikhathi sinye, uBruckner wathandwa kakhulu futhi ethandwa kakhulu njenge-organist yenkantolo kanye ne-organiaser ye-organise.
Umculi wafezeka njengomqambi kuphela ngo-1884, ngenxa yalokho, ngenxa ye-Arthur Nikishu, lapho umqhubi wesifundo egcwalisa i-Symphony yesikhombisa. Mayelana neBrookner ekhulume. Wadlala isitho emngcwabeni weshidi.
Ubuqambi boMqambi bebengakakalwa phesheya, kepha e-Austria umculo wakhe uthole abalandeli abashisayo. Udumo, owafika eBrookneru, wadaywa yiqiniso lokuthi uvame ukugula ebudaleni bakhe. Muva nje, umbhali wasebenza ekwakhiweni kwe-Symphony yesishiyagalolunye. Lapho esethatha umhlalaphansi, umqambi wayehlala efulethini eBelvedere Palace, owamukelwe ngomusa nguMbusi uFranz Joseph.
Ifa lokudala lase-Anton Brookner liyi-Symphony eyi-11, ama-3 mass symphony, ama-string quintet, umsebenzi we- "lezo zi-deum", kanye nemidlalo yesitho nekwaya. Ukusuka phakathi kwendalo yakhe, izinsimbi zesine neyesikhombisa zasetshenziswa ngothando olukhethekile lomphakathi, futhi kamuva olwesithathu, lwesishiyagalombili nolwesishiyagalolunye bafunwa. Lesi sakamuva sasihlotshaniswa nemisebenzi kaBeethoven.
Lapho abashicileli bekhipha iqoqo lemibhalo yomqambi, umsebenzi wawo wahlukaniswa ngezikhathi ezithile. Phakathi kwazo, kwanikezwa izingoma ezi-4 zokuqala zanikezwa esigabeni sokuqala. Kubhalwe kubhalwe ngaphambi kokuba i-Symphony yesithupha yayiyisiteji esiphakathi nendawo, lapho kwakubukwa khona ukuthi i-Pantheist Heatimiam yabukwa endalweni yomlobi. Owesikhombisa, owesishiyagalombili nowesishiyagalolunye uhlukile kulokho banezici zamaphuzu adalwe ngaphambilini, kepha banentuthuko eyengeziwe futhi ethe xaxa.
Isitayela sika-Anton Brookner saba nethonya elikhulu lecebo lomculo lesikhathi se-baroque. Kuyo, njengasemibhalweni yomqambi, ama-antifons ayekhona ngendlela yeziteshi zomculo zamavoti namathuluzi. Umbhali wayazi kahle izimfanelo zekhibhodi, futhi ukufiswa kwemisebenzi yakhe kwagxila emasikweni emisebenzi kaBeethoven, uShubert, uWagner noHaydna. Izisekelo zezingoma ezinkulu zefomethi yomqambi zisebenzele ifomu elinezingxenye ezine, amakhonsani ngezinsimbi zeshidi ne-berlioz, kepha isilinganiselo semisebenzi yaso sivevezela kakhulu futhi sengezwa ngokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi ethusi ethusi.
Ukungathandeki komsebenzi womqambi kwakuyi-monograph yabo. I-Musism kanye ne-blurry yamafomu kube nomthelela ekubukekeni kokubuyekezwa okubucayi futhi akuzange kunikeze ithuba lokuhlola imisebenzi yesithunzi.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngemuva kokufa komqambi, amaqoqo anezindaba ze-anecdical ngaye akhishwe. UBruckner wayengumuntu onothile kakhulu ngezici ezithile zengqondo ezakha isisekelo sokugxekwa kwemisebenzi yakhe.
E-Drieries yakhe, wachaza imikhuleko efundwayo. Amaphuzu athi "lawo ma-deum" abhekiswe kuNkulunkulu. AmaKatolika akholelwa kuProvidence Divine futhi ayethanda ukufikelwa yimfihlakalo, okwakuboniswa nomsebenzi wakhe.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Kanye nokuqaliswa kobungcweti, impilo yomuntu siqu yayingokwa-Anton Bruckner umbuzo onzima. Umqambi waba nezintandokazi ezithile zabamele ubulili obulungile. Wayekhangwa yizintokazi ezisencane.Kaningi umculi wenze umnikelo wokushada namantombazane asemasha, kodwa wathola ukwenqaba. Phakathi komakoti ababengaba khona kwakukhona ngisho nendodakazi yomngane osondelene naye. IBrookner yathandana nomlimi ongathandeki oneminyaka engu-17 ubudala, kepha akazange abe ngumkakhe. Le ndoda iqhutshelwe ijwabu lesowodwa futhi ayitholanga izingane nomndeni.
Isifiso samantombazane amancane sacasulwa ukwesaba umqambi ngaphambi kwesono. Umculi waqiniseka ukuthi ngokukhetha osemusha kumkakhe, uzoqiniseka ubuntombi bomshado kabaphikisi. Akazange ashintshe inkolelo yawo kuze kube izinsuku zokugcina zokuphila. Amantombazane amancane adonsela ukunaka kwakhe, noma ngabe ophilayo odumile eneminyaka engama-70. Isikhathi kuphela lapho iBrookner yacishe yashintsha isimo se-bachelor, yasibeka ukwenqatshwa kokwenqatshwa kokutholwa kobuKatolika.
Ukushona
U-Anton Bruckner ushone eneminyaka engama-72 ngo-1896 eVienna. Imbangela yokufa yayingokwemvelo iminyaka yayo. Indoda yamelana nokungcwatshwa kwendabuko, ngakho-ke umzimba wawukhathazekile futhi wangcwatshwa eduze kwesitho sakhe esithandekayo eCrypt of the St. Florian.
Ngemuva kokufa kwe-Collers, ngo-1989, iLinz yasungula isikhwama, okwakuyiminyaka engama-25 yaxhasa imikhosi yomculo kaBruckner. Babanjwa njalo eminyakeni emi-2. Ngo-1932, i-University of Music, iDrama nomdanso eLinz yaqanjwa ngegama lomqambi odumile.
Imisebenzi Yomculo
- 1849 - Requiem.
- I-1863 - Symphony No. 00 F I encane
- I-1866 - Inombolo ye-Symphony 1 kuya okuncane
- Ngo-1869 - Symphony Si-BF Major
- I-1872 - Symphony No. 2 kuya okuncane
- 1873 - Symphony Inombolo 3 MINE
- Ngo-1874 - Symphony No. 4 MI-B Flat Major
- 1876 - Symphony Inombolo 5 Si-B Flat Major
- I-1881 - Symphony Inombolo 6 in okukhulu
- I-1883 - Symphony No. 7 MI KAKHULU
- Ngo-1884 - Te Deum
- I-1887 - Symphony Inombolo 8 kuya okuncane
- 1896 - Symphony Inombolo 9 Re Minor