Biography
I-Antoy Brookner yi-Austrian Commser yenkulungwane ye-19, iLifa lendalo elinobulungisa lenza ukuba skishu kunye nemibundu. Abagxeki baphawula imisebenzi yombhali njengokuqulunqwa kotshintsho olunobungozi kunye nePolyphony Polyphony. Igama le-Bruckner liyaziwa nangabo bonke abalandeli bomculo ongumculo, kodwa waphembelela u-Repments olandelayo kunye neemvumi, kubandakanya i-Gustav Malener.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UAnton Bruckner wazalwa nge-4 kaSeptemba, 1824 e-Anterfededen. Unyana wobuthweleyo ukusukela ebuntwaneni wayonwabile ngumculo waza wafumana izifundo zokuqala kumzali wakhe. Kwiminyaka emi-6 ubudala, uAnton wanikwa isikolo. Kunomdla wokwazi ukuba inkwenkwe, ukuba ngumfundi, yanceda utata wakhe kwimisebenzi yendibano kwaye wachaza abo eklasini nabo bacalucalulo.
Ngo-1833, uAnton watshintshelwa esikolweni xa wayefunda, apho wayefundela khona phantsi kweqalo yaseJohann Baptist Weissa. Wajika waba ngumculo omkhulu womculo, kunye nomnxibelelanisi onetalente kwaye enegalelo kuphuhliso lomngeni wokuyila kwewadi.
Imisebenzi yokuqala yenkwenkwe yenziwe kwiminyaka eli-10 ubudala. "Vier Proqobo kwi-ES-Dur Für Ordene" yenzelwe ukubulawa emzimbeni. Ngeli xesha, utata ka-Anton wagula, kwaye umfana kwakufuneka agoduke. Emva kokubhubha komzali ngo-1837, wangena kwi-chapel yeemvumi kwimoyakazi yaseSt. Florian.
Lo mfo wafunda umdlalo we-violin, ilungu kunye nepiyano. Kangangexesha elithile ndafumana imfundo eLinz, emva koko ndaqalisa ukusebenza njengomncedisi katitshala kwisikolo saseRussic. I-Brookner nayo ayizange ijongene nendawo eqhelekileyo yasemaphandleni kwaye yenziwa kwindawo yokuhlala.
Imvumi iqhubekile nokufunda umdlalo kwilungu kwaye uyiqikele i-Interition yokuqulunqwa. Ukususela ngo-1845, wafundisa umculo kwaye wasebenza njenge-organist kwimonki. Emva koko iBrookner ifudukela eLinz, apho waqhubeka nomsebenzi we-organist kwikamva lasekuhlaleni. Ngeli xesha lexesha, ukugqitywa koqeqesho kumsebenzi womqambi. Lo mfo uqalisa ukuhamba, utyelele iVienna, apho aqhelene no-Richard Wagner, uluhlu lwe-gerezi Uluhlu kunye neHector Berlioz.
Umculo
Ukuthandwa kweza eBrookneru akukhange kwangoko. Ibhayimu yokuyila yombhali igcwele ziziganeko ezinomdla ngaphambi kokukhula. Ukususela ngo-1845, waphupha esakha umsebenzi owenziwa ephilayo. Ukususela ngo-1861 ukuya ku-1863, ukufundisisa umsebenzi we-wagner, uqhubeke nokuzalisa koovimba bolwazi kwaye ufunda kude kube yiminyaka engama-40. Uzuko kunye nokwamkelwa kwamfumana iminyaka engama-60 kuphela.
Ngomhla we-1868, uSimon Johter wasweleka, utitshala ofunde uAnton Bruckner. Wanikelwa ukuba athathe isikhundla sikatitshala kwinkcazo yomculo kwiVienna Lisorvatory kwaye wenza i-rorder yenkundla. Umqambi wafudukela kwiVienna. Ukususela ngoku, wazinikela ekufumaneni i-symphony. Abagxeki bezingaqwalaselwanga ziqinile kwaye babone kwimisebenzi yombhali, ukungabikho kwentsingiselo.
U-Anton Bruckner wabhala ubunzima. Imisebenzi yomqambi omkhulu wendlela othathelwe ingqalelo ngokwakhe, kuba wayenika italente yakhe. Wayengqongqo kubuchule bakhe bokudala, ixesha elide babhala izincoko ezifutshane. Kwangelo xesha, uBruckner wahlukana ngakumbi njengento ephantsi yenkundla kunye nomzimba ophucukileyo.
Imvumi yaqaliswa njengomqambi kuphela ngo-1884, ngenxa ka-Arthur Nikishu, xa umphetho wazalisekisa uSymphony wesixhenxe. Malunga neBrookner. Udlale ilungu kumngcwabo wephepha.
Ukuyila komqambi kwakungenziwanga phesheya, kodwa e-Austria umculo wafumana abalandeli abashushu. Uzuko, ofileyo eBrookneru, wancitshiswa ukuba uhlala egula ebudaleni bakhe. Kutshanje, umbhali usebenze kwindalo yesithoba. Emva komhlala-phantsi, umqambi wayehlala kwigumbi elisekhaya kwibhotwe leBelvedere, elamnike uMlawuli ngomlawuli uFranz uYoseph.
Ilifa lokuyila le-Anton Brookner yi-11 symphony, ii-3s, umrhumo we-quintet, owona msebenzi "kunye nemidlalo yelungu kunye nekwayara. Ukusuka phakathi kwendalo yakhe, uSythonies wesine nowesixhenxe wayesetyenziswa ngothando olukhethekileyo loluntu, kwaye emva koko ngowesithathu, wesibhozo nowesithoba wafunwa. Elokugqibela lanxulunyaniswa nemisebenzi yeBeethoven.
Xa abapapashi bakhuphe ingqokelela yemibhalo yomqambi, umsebenzi wayo wahlulwahlulwa. Phakathi kwazo, iintshaba zokuqala ezi-4 zanikwa kwinqanaba lokuqala. Imisebenzi ebhalwe ngaphambi kokuba i-symphony ye-symphony yayiyinqanaba eliphakathi, ngexesha lokuba nethemba le-panthest yajongwa kwindalo yombhali. Isixhenxe, isibhozo kunye nesithoba sahlukile kuba zineempawu zezinto ezenziwe ngaphambili, kodwa zinophuhliso olongeziweyo kwaye lungalunganga.
Uhlobo lwe-Anton Brookner wayenempembelelo enkulu yelifa lomculo wexesha le-baroque. Kuyo, njengakwimibhalo yomqambi, ama-AntiFons ayekho ngohlobo lweendlela zomculo zevoti kunye nezixhobo. Umbhali wazi kakuhle iimpawu zeqhosha lekhibhodi, kwaye u-Simphon wemisebenzi yakhe wanconywa kwisiko leMisebenzi yeBeethoven, i-SCHUBER, i-Wagner kunye neHaydna. Iziseko zememori ezinkulu zefomathi zisebenze i-5 yenxalenye yephepha kunye ne-Berlioz, kodwa umlinganiso wemisebenzi wayo unamabhongo obunezixhobo zobhedu.
Ukungancedi kakuhle kumsebenzi womqambi yayiyimbonakalo yabo. Ukuziphatha okuhle kunye nokubhabha kweefom kunegalelo ekubonakalisweni kophononongo olubalulekileyo kwaye akuzange kunikezele ithuba lokuvavanya imisebenzi yesidima.
Inyaniso enomdla kukuba emva kokubulawa komqambi, ingqokelela yamabali e-anecdical omkhulu yakhululwa. I-Bruckner yayingumntu ongenakuthelekiswa nanto ezinamagqabantshintshi athile ethunyelweyo kwisiseko sokugxekwa kwemisebenzi yakhe.
Kwiidaya zakhe, wayichaza imithandazo yokufunda. Inqaku elithi "La maYegu" labhekiswa kuThixo. UCatholic wayekholelwa kwilungiselelo lobuThixo kwaye wayethanda imfihlakalo, eyaboniswa emsebenzini wakhe.
Ubomi Buqu
Kunye nokuphunyezwa kobungcali, ubomi bobuqu yayiye-Anton Bruckner kungumbuzo onzima. Umqambi unazonto ozikhethayo kubameli besini esifanelekileyo. Watsalwa ziintombazana ezincinci ezincinci.Amaxesha amaninzi umculo wenza umtshato wakhe kumantombazana olutsha, kodwa wafumana ukwala. Phakathi kwabatshakazi abanokubakho yayiyintombazana yomhlobo osenyongweni. I-Brookorner yawa eluthandweni nakwisicamango esingathandekiyo sineminyaka eli-17 ubudala, kodwa akazange abe ngumfazi womqambi. Indoda iqulathekile kwi-eyelid yedwa kwaye ayifumananga abantwana kunye nosapho.
Inkanuko yamantombazana amancinci yacaphukiswa lokoyika umqambi ngaphambi kwesono. Imvumi yayiqinisekile ukuba ngokukhetha ulutsha kumfazi wayo, liya kuthelelwa kubuntombi bomlingane. Wayengayitshintshanga inkolelo yabo kude kube yimihla yokugqibela yobomi. Amantombazana aselula atsalela ingqalelo, kwanaxa i-confistr eyaziwayo yaqala iminyaka engama-70. Ixesha kuphela i-brookner iphantse yatshintsha imeko ye-bachelor, yayigutyungelwe kukwala ukwala okhethwe kukwamkelwa kobuKatolika.
Ukufa
UAnton Bruckner wasweleka eneminyaka engama-72 ngo-1896 eVienna. Unobangela wokufa yayimvelo kubudala bakhe. Indoda yayiphikisa umngcwabo wesiko, ukuze umzimba wawuxhalabile kwaye wangcwatywa kufutshane nomgudu wakhe wentanda yeCawe yeCawa yeSt.
Emva kokufa kwabaqokeleli, ngo-1989, i-Linz isekwe iNgxowa-mali, iminyaka engama-25 ixhase iminyhadala yomculo we-Bruckner. Babanjwa rhoqo kwiminyaka emi-2. Ngo-1932, iDyunivesithi yeDolophu, iDrama kunye nokudanisa eLinz kwathiwa igama elidumileyo.
Imisebenzi yomculo
- I-1849 -Imendo.
- I-1863 - i-symphony i. 00 f omncinci
- Ngo-1866 - Inombolo ye-symphony 1 ukuya kumncinci
- Ngo-1869 - Symphony si-BF
- Ngo-1872 - Symphony No. 2 ukuya kumncinci
- I-1873 - Inombolo ye-symphony 3 relic
- Ngo-1874 - Symphony Nomb.
- Ngo-1876 - Inombolo ye-symphony eyi-5 i-SE-b enkulu
- I-1881 - Inombolo ye-symphony 6 kwinkulu
- I-1883 - i-symphony ingu-7 mi nkulu
- I-1884-te deum
- 1887 - Inombolo ye-symphony 8 ukuya kumncinci
- Ngo-1896 - Inombolo ye-symphony 9 Reuncina