Ivan bunin - ubuzima, amafoto, ubuzima bwite, ibitabo nibisigo

Ubuzima

Umunyacyubahiro wa mbere Nobel Umubatizo Ivan Alekseevich Bunin yitwa Umutimana w'ijambo, uhagarariye, ubuhanga bwo mu buvanganzo bw'Abarusiya ndetse n'uhagarariye imiti y'ibyatsi. Abanegura ubuvanganzo bemera ko mu mirimo buninsky hari abavandimwe bafite amashusho ya Viktor Vasnetsov, no ku isi ya Ivan Alekseevich isa na canvas ya Mikhail.

Mu bwana n'urubyiruko

Pontemporaries Ivan Bunin avuga ko "ubwoko", Abanyacyubahiro bavukanye bumva umwanditsi. Ntakintu nakimwe cyo gutungurwa: Ivan Alekseevich ni uhagarariye umunyacyubahiro wa kera, usohoka mumizi mu kinyejana cya xV. Ikoti ry'umuryango w'ikoti rya Banins ryashyizwe muri Gerbanki ya Noble kubyara Ingoma y'Uburusiya. Muri abakurambere b'umwanditsi niwe washinze urukundo, umwanditsi ballad n'ibisigo bya Zhukovsky.

Ivan Alekseevich yavutse mu Kwakira 1870 i Voronezh, mu muryango wa Alexeman akaba n'umugore muto Alexei Bunin, yashakanye na mubyara we, yashakanye na Luutweva mubyara wa Lyudmila Chubarova, ariko asenyuka. Yabyaye umugabo we ku bana be icyenda, aho yarokotse ane.

I Vodronezh, mu muryango wimutse imyaka 4 mbere yuko ivuka rya Ivan itanga imiterere y'abahungu bakuru julia na Eugene. Gutura mu nzu ikodeshwa kumuhanda munini. Igihe Ivan yari afite imyaka ine, ababyeyi basubiye mu gace rusange k'icupa mu ntara ya Orhol. Babaye mu bwana bwa Bunin.

Gukunda gusoma umuhungu wohereje GUTENER - umunyeshuri wa kaminuza ya Moscou Nikolai Romashkov. Inzu Ivan Bunin yize indimi, yibanda ku kilatini. Ibitabo byambere byasomye kubitabo byabo byumwanditsi w'ejo hazaza - "Odyssey" ya Homer hamwe nigisibo cyibisigo byicyongereza.

Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1881, Data yazanye Ivan kuntora. Umuhungu muto yatsinze ibizamini yinjira mu cyiciro cya 1 cy'Umukino w'isi. Kureba Bunin byakunze, ariko ntibyari byiza ubumenyi nyabwo. Mu ibaruwa, umuvandimwe mukuru Vanya yemeye ko ikizamini kirimo imibare gisanga "giteye ubwoba". Nyuma yimyaka 5 Ivan Bunin yirukanwe muri siporo hagati yumwaka w'amashuri. Umusore w'imyaka 16 yaje ku isambu ya se wa ORRIKI ku biruhuko bya Noheri, kandi ntiyigeze asubira kuri erets. Kunanirwa kugaragara muri gymnasium, umusore yakuyeho umusore. Umuvandimwe mukuru Julius yagize uruhare mu gukomeza gushishikarizwa kwa Ivan.

Ubuvanganzo

Mu biyaga byatangiye biography yo guhanga ivan bunin. Mu isambu, yakomeje gukora kuri "Hobby" yatangijwe muri Yelets, ariko akazi imbere y'umusomyi ntizaza. Ariko igisigo cyumwanditsi ukiri muto, cyanditswe ukurikije urupfu rwikigirwamana - umusizi wimbuto za Nadon - zasohotse mu kinyamakuru "Umubyeyi".

Mu isambu y'ababyeyi, abifashijwemo n'umuvandimwe Ivan Bunin biteguye ibizamini byo kurangiza amaduka, barabahatira kandi bakira icyemezo cyo gukura.

Kuva mu gihe cy'izuba mu 1889 kugeza mu mpeshyi 1892, Ivan Bunin yakoraga mu kinyamakuru "Orlovsky Bunin yagize ati:" Aho inkuru ze, imivugo n'ingingo zibitabo byacapwe. Muri Kanama 1892, Julius yise umuvandimwe muri Politava, aho Ivana yateguye iyo posita muri guverinoma y'intara.

Muri Mutarama 1894, umwanditsi yasuye Moscou, aho yahuriye hamwe mu mwuka wa Lv Tolstoy. Kimwe n'Abalewi Nikolayevich, Bunin banegura umuco wo muri uyu mujyi. Mu nkuru za "pome ya Antoovskiy", "Umuhanda Mushya" zikekwa ku bice bisohoka, birababaje cyane abanyacyubahiro bangirika.

Mu 1897, Ivan Bunin yatanze igitabo "ku nkombe z'umucyo" i St. Petersburg. Umwaka mbere wasobanuwe ibisigo henry maremare "indirimbo ya Guyavate". Alkei, Saadi, Francesco Petrarca, Adam Mitskevich na George Baironi bagaragara mu guhindura Bunin.

Mu 1898, icyegeranyo cy'ibisigo cya Ivan Alekseevich "Gufungura-ikirere" cyasohotse i Moscou, ubushyuhe bw'abanenga ubuvanganzo n'abasomyi. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, Bunin yahaye ibisigo Abakunzi bo mu gitabo cya kabiri cy'ibisigo - "Urutonde ruri ruriba", ubuyobozi bw'igitugu nk '"imisuka y'ibintu by'Uburusiya". Mu 1903 Petersburg Ishuri ry'ubumenyi mu 1903, Ivan Bunin yahawe igihembo cya mbere cya Cushkin, hakurikiraho icya kabiri.

Ariko mubidukikije byibisigo Ivan Bunin yabonye izina rya "Gracess ya kera". Mu mpera z'imyaka 1890, "Abasizi" Abasizi ba Valery Bryusov, bazanye amagambo yo mu Burusiya ya "umwuka wo mu mihanda yo mu mihanda", na Alegizandere yaka n'intwari ze za Mercury. Volimilian Voloshin mu gusuzuma icyegeranyo cya Bunin "yanditse ko Ivan Alekseevich yisanze ku ruhande" kuva mu mutwe rusange ", ariko uhereye ku gishushanyo, ibisigo" bya canvas "byageze". Ingero zo gutungana no kwiyemeza kugeza kunegura zihamagara igisigo "Ndibuka nimugoroba igihe kirekire" na "nimugoroba".

Ivan Bunin-umusizi ntabwo yemera ibimenyetso kandi areba kunesha ibintu by'impinduramatwara yo mu 1905-1907, yita "umuhamya w'ibyatsi bikomeye n'ibyatsi. Mu 1910, Ivan Alekseevich asohora "umudugudu" ", watangiye intangiriro" imirimo myinshi, ashushanya cyane roho y'Uburusiya. " Gukomeza urukurikirane biba inkuru "Sukhodol" n'inkuru "," Imibereho myiza "," Umuganwa mu bikomangoma "," Lapti ".

Mu 1915 Ivan Bunin ku mpinga yo gukundwa. Inkuru zayo zizwi "Bwana Of Francisco", "Ikibonezamvugo cy'urukundo", "guhumeka byoroshye" na "roya ihinduka". Mu 1917, umwanditsi yasize Petrograp ya Revolution, yirinda "kuba umwanzi uteye ubwoba w'umwanzi." Mu gice cya kabiri cy'umwaka, Bunin yabaga i Moscou, kuva aho muri Gicurasi 1918 asigaye kuri Odessa, aho yanditse ikarita "iminsi ya Sawani" - Uburakari bw'impinduramatwara.

Umwanditsi, kunenga cyane imbaraga nshya, ari bibi kuguma mu gihugu. Muri Mutarama 1920, Ivan Alekseevich ava mu Burusiya. Asiga kontantinopol, kandi muri Werurwe yasohotse i Paris. Hano icyegeranyo cyinkuru cyitwa "Bwana kuva San Francisco", ababumva bahuye na bashishikaye.

Kuva mu mpeshyi yo mu 1923, Ivan Bunin yabayeho muri viru "tiratikira" mu byatsi bishaje, aho Sergey Rachmaninov yamusuye. Muri iyi myaka, inkuru "urukundo rwibanze", "imibare", "Rosa Jeriko" na "Urukundo rwa Mitin".

Mu 1930, Ivan Alekseevich yanditse inkuru "igicucu cy'inyoni" kandi kirangiza imirimo ikomeye yakozwe mu kwimuka, - - ubuzima "bw'arsesev". Ibisobanuro byo kwibonera intwari byumye birababaje numubabaro wo mu Burusiya bwashize, "mumaso yacu mumaso yacu mugihe gito."

Mu mpera za 1930, Ivan Bunin yimukiye muri Villa "Jeannet", aho yabaye mu ntambara ya kabiri y'isi yose. Umwanditsi ahangayikishijwe n'iherezo ry'Umubyeyi kandi yishimye ahura n'amakuru ajyanye n'intsinzi ya make y'ingabo z'Abasoviyeti. Bunin yabayeho mu bukene. Kubyerekeye imyanya ye bigoye yaranditse ati:

"Nari umukire - ubungubu, n'ubushake bw'abatishoboye, mu buryo butunguranye ryabaye umuhangayitse ... byari bizwi cyane ku isi yose - ubu ntabwo nkeneye ko hagira umuntu ku isi ... Ndashaka rwose gutaha!"

Villa yangiritse: Sisitemu yo gushyushya ntabwo yakoraga, habaye guhagarika amashanyarazi n'amazi. Ivan Alekseevich yabwiye inshuti ze kubyerekeye "inzara ikomeye" mu mabaruwa. Kugira ngo ubone byibuze amafaranga make, Bunin yabajije inshuti yavuye muri Amerika ku bihe byose kugira ngo batangaze icyegeranyo "Umwijima". Igitabo mu gukwirakwiza k'Uburusiya cya kopi 600 zasohotse mu 1943, kuko umwanditsi yakiriye $ 300. Icyegeranyo cyinjiye mu nkuru "gisukuye kuwa mbere". Igitangaza cyanyuma Ivan Bunina nicyo gisigo "nijoro" - byasohotse mu 1952.

Abashakashatsi bakomeye ba Prosese babonye ko inkuru ze n'inkuru ze. Bwa mbere ku rwego rwo gusuzuma imirimo ya Ivan Bunin, producer ya Hollywood yavuze, wagaragaje ko yifuza gusimbuza filime akurikije inkuru ya Bwana San Francisco. Ariko urubanza rwarangiye ikiganiro.

Mu ntangiriro ya za 1960, abayobozi b'Uburusiya bashushanyijeho umurimo wUdusabiriye. Filime ngufi kumateka ya mitina urukundo rwavanyweho neza pikul. Mu 1989, irangi "idahwitse" ryasohotse kuri ecran ku izina rimwe na bunin.

Mu 2000, filme-biografiya "ikarita yumugore we" yayobowe numwarimu wa Alexey, aho amateka yubucuti mumuryango wa Promaak abwirwa.

Resonance yateje premiere yikinamico "sun sheflow" Nikita Mikhalkov muri 2014. Tape yari ishingiye ku nkuru y'izina rimwe n'igitabo "Iminsi ya Sawani".

Igihembo cya Nobel

Bwa mbere Ivan Bunin yatowe mugihe cyitiriwe Nobel muri 1922. Kurambika kwangiza romen Romen Rolland yasaruwe. Ariko rero igihembo cyahawe umusizi wa Irilande William Yetsu.

Mu myaka ya za 1930, abanditsi b'ibimukira b'Abarusiya bafitanye isano na gahunda, ibibazo byabo byambitswe ikamba: mu Gushyingo 1933, Ishuri rya Suwede ryashyikirije igihembo cya Ivan Bunin mu bihembo. Mu kwiyambaza umuswa, byavuzwe ko yabonye ibihembo by'imyidagaduro ya "imyidagaduro muri prose y'imico isanzwe y'Uburusiya."

715 Francs Igihembo Ivan Bunin yagenze vuba. Kimwe cya kabiri mu mezi ya mbere yagabanije abakeneye abantu bose bamuhindukiriye ngo bamufashe. Ndetse na mbere yo kwakira igihembo, umwanditsi yemeye ko yakiriye amabaruwa 2000 asaba amafaranga.

Imyaka 3 nyuma yo gutanga igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel, Ivan Bunin yinjije mubukene busanzwe. Kugeza ku iherezo ry'ubuzima bwe, ntabwo yari afite inzu ye. Bwiza Bunin yasobanuye uko ibintu byifashe mu gisigo bigufi "inyoni ifite icyari", ahari umurongo:

Inyamaswa ifite Nora, inyoni ifite icyari.

Ukuntu Umutima utera, ubarurira kandi cyane,

Iyo winjiye, ukuramo, munzu yabandi yahawe akazi

Hamwe na fatton ye!

Ubuzima Bwihariye

Urukundo rwa mbere ni umwanditsi ukiri muto wahuye igihe yakoraga muri "Cayeli gazeti ya" Onyol. " Barbara Paschenko - Ubwiza Buruta muri Panse - bwagaragaye kuri Bunin ubwibone bwinshi kandi bworoshye. Ariko bidatinze, yabonye imvugo ishimishije mumukobwa. Abaroma baratangara, ariko se wa Barubara yari umusore w'umukene ufite ibyiringiro by'igihumyo ntiyakundaga. Abashakanye babayeho nta bukwe. Mu byishimo bye, Ivan Bunin yahamagaye Barbaru - "Umugore udatangaye."

Nyuma yo kwimukira muri Poltava, nta mubano ugoye. Varvarra - Umukobwa wo mumuryango wizewe - kubaho kwa Nishchenskoe: yavuye munzu, asiga imvururu kugirango amenyere inoti. Bidatinze, Paschenko yabaye umukozi wa Arsen Bibikov. Ivan Bunin cyane yimuye icyuho, abavandimwe batinyaga ubuzima bwe.

Mu 1898, Ivan Alekseevich yamenyereye Anna Zakney muri Odessa. Yabaye umugore wa mbere wa Bunin. Muri uwo mwaka ubukwe bwabereye. Ariko hamwe, abashakanye babayeho igihe kirekire: Nyuma yimyaka ibiri. Umuhungu w'ikinege wavukiye mu bashakanye - Nikolai, ariko mu 1905 umuhungu apfuye azize. Bunini hari abana bakiriho.

Urukundo rw'ubuzima bwa Ivan Bunin ni umugore wa gatatu Vera Muromtsev, uwo yahuye na Moscou, ku rukiko rw'ubuvanganzo mu Gushyingo 1906. Muromtseva ni impamyabumenyi y'amasomo yo hejuru y'abagore, chimie yakundaga chimie kandi ikamara indimi eshatu mu bwisanzure. Ariko uhereye ku kwizera kw'ubuvanganzo bw'ubuvanganzo cyari kure.

Abashyingiranywe bashyingiwe mu madini, mu 1922: Imyaka 15 ntabwo yatangaga ubunebwe. Chafer mubukwe yari Alexander kuprin. Abashakanye babanaga nurupfu rwa Bunin, nubwo ubuzima bwabo bugira ibicu ntuzahamagara. Mu 1926, ibihuha byerekeranye na mpandeshatu y'urukundo zigaragara mu bimukira: Umwanditsi ukiri muto Galina Kuznetsova yabaga mu rugo no kwizera, aho Ivan Bunin, ntabwo ari ibyiyumvo byinshuti.

Kuznetsov hamagara umwanditsi uheruka urukundo. Mu bashakanye ba Bunin, yabayeho imyaka 10. Ibyago Ivan Alekseevich Yarokotse ubwo yamenyaga ishyaka rya Galina kuri mushiki wa filozofiya Fedor Stewna - Margarita. Kuznetsova yavuye mu nzu ya Bunin, ajya i Margo, niyo mpamvu itera ubwiyongere bwafashwe n'umwanditsi. Ivan Alekseevich yandikaga ko Bunin muri kiriya gihe yari hafi yubusazi no kwiheba. Yakoranye umunsi, agerageza kwibagirwa umukunzi we.

Nyuma yo gutandukana na Kuznetsova Ivan Bunin yanditse igitabo 38, yashyizwe mu cyegeranyo "umwijima".

Urupfu

Mu mpera za 1940, abaganga bamusangaga kuri Bunin Emphiza y'ibihaha. Mu gutsimbarara kwa Medikov, Ivan Alekseevich yagiye mu bubiko mu majyepfo y'Ubufaransa. Ariko imiterere yubuzima ntabwo yateye imbere. Mu 1947, Ivan Bunin yimyaka 79 yatumye ubushize ashyigikira abamwumva abanditsi.

Ubukene guhatirwa gusaba ubufasha buturutse mu burusiya Andrei Sadykh. Yahiritse ikiruhuko cy'izabukuru barwaye kuva ku barwayi b'Abanyamerika Frank Atra. Kugeza ku mpera z'ubuzima bwa Bunin, Ashran yishyuye amafaranga ibihumbi 10 ku mwanditsi buri kwezi.

Mu mpeshyi ya 1953, uko ubuzima bwa Ivan bunin buning. Ntiyavaga mu buriri. Mbere gato y'urupfu, umwanditsi yasabye umugore we gusoma amabaruwa ya Chekhov.

Ku ya 8 Ugushyingo, umuganga yavuze urupfu rwa Ivan Alekseevich. Impamvu yayo yari umuntu asima na sclerose yibihaha. Nashyinguye igihembo cya Nobel ku irimbi rya Saint-Geneve De Boua, aho hantu amagana mu bigisha b'Abarusiya na we.

Bibliografiya

• "Pome ya Antoovsky"
• "Umudugudu"
• "Sukhodol"
• "Umwuka woroshye"
• "INKINGI NYINTA"
• "Lampty"
• "Ikibonezamvugo cy'urukundo"
• "Mitina urukundo"
• "Iminsi yo Kugaragara"
• "Sunstroke"
• "Ubuzima Arseneva"
• "Caucase"
• "Byijimye"
• "Impeshyi ikonje"
• "UMUBARE"
• "Isuku Ku wa mbere"
• "Cerform Cerne Elagina"