Ivan Bunin -ibhayiloji, iifoto, ubomi bomntu, iincwadi kunye nemibongo

Biography

I-Nobel Nobel Poobel Laureate Ivan Alekseevich Bunin ibizwa ngokuba yi-joweleir yeLizwi, umtshutshisi we-Russia, onobukrelekrele besiRashiya kunye nommeli weSilivere. Abagxeki boncwadi bayavuma ukuba kwi-tudininsky isebenza kukho izalamane nemifanekiso yeViktor VUSNETSOV, nakwibali lika-Ivan Alekseevich olufana ne-mikhas's canvas zikaMikhal.

Ubuntwana noLutsha

I-Ivan Bunin ixoxa ukuba "ukuzala", i-aristoracy yengywili ivakalelwa kumbhali. Akukho nto imangaliswayo: U-Ivan Alekseevich ungummeli wendoda yamandulo, ephuma ngeengcambu kwinkulungwane ye-XV. Idyasi yosapho yengubo ye-buns ifakiwe kwi-Gerbak yokuzala komntwana onguBukhosi baseRussia. Phakathi kookhokho bombhali nguyena msunguli wokuthandana, umbhali webhalladi nemibongo ye-vasily zhukovsky.

U-Ivan Alekseevich wazalwa ngo-Okthobha, kwintsapho ye-Aledezi yaseLungelo lase-Alexei Bunin, etshatileyo kwi-LYUDMIF, umfazi onesidima, kodwa akanakwenzeka. Wazala umyeni wakhe kubantwana abalithoba, awayesinda kuwo amane.

EVoronezh, intsapho yashukumisela iminyaka emi-4 ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaIvan ukunika abantwana abadala uJulia no-Eugene. Zilungiswe kwindlu eqeshiweyo kwisitalato esikhulu esinempawu ezintle. Xa uIvan wayeneminyaka emine ubudala, abazali babuyela kwilifa le-genecc kwiphondo le-Oryol. Ubuntwana bukaBunin babanjwa kwifama.

Uthando lokufunda inkwenkwe isungule - umfundi weDolophu yeMoscow Romashkov. Indlu ivan Bunnin yafunda iilwimi, yenza ugxile kwisiLatin. Iincwadi zokuqala zifundwe kwiincwadi zazo zombhali wexesha elizayo - "Odyssey" yeHomer kunye nengqokelela yemibongo yesiNgesi.

Ngehlobo lowe-1881, uTata wazisa u-Ivan ukuba akhulule. Unyana omncinci waphumelela iimviwo kwaye wangena kwinqanaba loku-1 le-gymnasium eyindoda. Ukujonga iBunin ethandwayo, kodwa ayizichaphazelalisanga iiSayensi ngokuthe ngqo. Kwileta, umkhulu womdala u-Vanya wavuma ukuba iimviwo kwiMathematics ziqwalasela "ezona zimbi". Iminyaka emi-5 kamva uIvan Bunges wagxothwa kwi-gymnasium embindini wonyaka wesikolo. Umfana oneminyaka eli-16 ubudala weza kwindawo kaBawo we-Ozerki kwiiholide zeKrisimesi, kwaye akazange abuyele kwi-alet. Ukusilela ukuvela kwi-Gymnasium, lo mfo ungaphandle kwendoda. Umkhulu womdala uJulius wayezibandakanya ngakumbi uIvan.

Uncwadi

Elangamachibi yaqala indalo yokuyila ye-Ivan Bunin. Kwilifa, waqhubeka esebenza kwi "Hobby" asungulwe kwiinglets, kodwa umsebenzi ngaphambi kokuba umfundi akafikanga. Kodwa lo mbongo wombhali oselula, obhalelwe phantsi kwemeko yokufa kwesithixo - imbongi ye-Nadon Imbewu - epapashwe kwijenali "umama".

Kwilifa likatata, ngoncedo lukaMzalwan 'uIvan Bunin olulungiselelwe iimviwo zokuphumelela, zangedlula zafumana isatifikethi sokuqola.

Ukusuka kwi-Autumn ye-1889 ukuya kwihlobo le-1892, uIvan Bunin wasebenza kwimagazini "Orlovsky Bulletin," apho amabali akhe, imibongo namanqaku anobunzima aprintwe. Ngo-Agasti 1892, uJulius wabiza uMzalwana ePoltava, apho i-ivana ilungiselele iposti yoncwadi kuRhulumente wePhondo.

NgoJanuwari 1894, umbhali watyelela uMoscow, apho wadibana khona nomoya we-LV Tolstoy. Njengo-Lev Nikolayevich, uBuni ugcoba impucuko yeSixeko. Kumabali "," i-apitaph "kwaye" indlela entsha "ziyaqaqanjiswa ngamanqaku angaqhelekanga, kuyazisola malunga nokungaqiniseki.

Ngo-1897, uIvan Bunin wakhupha incwadi "kumphetho wokukhanya" eSt. Petersburg. Unyaka wangaphambili waguqulela umbongo we-henry destlello "Ingoma ye-Giyavati". UAlkei, uSaadi, uFrancesco Peperca, i-Adam Mitskevich noGeorge Bairon bavela ekunikezelweni kweBunin.

Ngo-1898, ingqokelela yembongi ye-Ivan Alekseevich "ivuliwe" evulelekileyo eMoscow, ukufudumala kwabahlukumezi kunye nabafundi. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, uBunin wanika abathandi bombongo kwiNcwadi yesibini yeMibongo - "Uluhlu lwehla", igunya lokungcikiva "njenge" imbongi yendawo yaseRussia ". USt. Petersburg Academy weSayensi ngo-1903, uIvan Bunin unikwa ibhaso lokuqala le-pickkin, elandelwa ngulowesibini.

Kodwa kwimo yeembongi ivan Bunin ifumene igama "lenkqubo yakudala eyenziwe ngayo". Ngasekupheleni kwe-1890s, "iimbongi" ze-varion brisov, ezazisa amazwi e-Russia "yokuphefumla kwezitrato zasedolophini", kunye ne-Alexander Bhuthi vimba ngamaqhawe akhe eMercuri. I-Maximilian Voloshin ekuphononongwe "yimibongo" yabhala ukuba uIvan Alekseevich wazifumana "kwindibano ngokubanzi", kodwa ekubonakaleni kwembono "ye-potic" efikelela "kwimfezeko". Imizekelo yokugqibelela kunye nokuzinikela kwiClackics yokugxeka inxeba lokugweba "Ndikhumbula ixesha elide ngobusika" kunye "ngokuhlwa".

I-Ivan Bunin-Imbongi ayisamkeli imiqondiso kwaye ijongeke kakhulu kwiminyhadala yotshintsho lwe-1905-1907, yazibiza ngokuba "lingqina elikhulu nele ngca". Ngo-1910, u-Ivan Aleksevich upapasha ibali "Ilali", eyaqala ukuqala 'imisebenzi emininzi, itsala ubukhali bomphefumlo waseRussia. " Ukuqhubeka kolu ngcelele luba libali "iSukadol" kunye namabali "," ubomi obulungileyo "," ubomi obulungileyo "," lapiti ".

Ngo-1915 ivan Bunin kwincopho yokuthandwa. Amabali awo adumileyo "kwiSan Francisco", "igrama yothando", "ukuphefumla ngokulula" kunye "no "ya chang". Ngo-1917, umbhali ushiya inguqulelo yePetrograre, ephephe ubu "buso obubi botshaba." Kwisiqingatha sonyaka, uBunin wayehlala eMoscow, ukusuka apho ngoMeyi 1918 wemka eOdessa, apho wabhala idayari "imihla ye-Okthon" - amagunya eBolsheShevik.

Umbhali, onobuqili agxeka amandla amatsha, eyingozi ukuhlala kweli lizwe. NgoJanuwari 1920, uIvan Alekseevich ushiya eRussia. Ushiya iKonstantinopol, kwaye ngoMatshi ijika eParis. Apha ukuqokelelwa kwamabali abizwa ngokuba ngu "Mnu. Ukusuka eSan Francisco", ethi abaphulaphuli badibana ngenzondelelo.

Ukususela ngehlobo lowe-1923, uIvan Bungen wayehlala kwiVimba yeVilla "kwingca endala, apho iSergey Rachmanov yamndwendwela. Ngeli xesha, amabali "uthando oluphambili", "amanani", "uRosa Jerincwadi" kunye "nothando" lupapashwa ".

Ngo-1930, u-Ivan Alekseevich wabhala ibali "isithunzi seentaka" kwaye siwugqibile umsebenzi obalulekileyo owenziwe ngokufuduka, - i-Romani "i-Arsenyev". Inkcazo yokufumana iqhawe lalidakumbile lusizi lweRussia elidlulileyo, "emehlweni ethu emehlweni ethu."

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1930, uIvan Bunin wafudukela kwiVimba yeVilla ", apho wayehlala khona kwimfazwe yehlabathi yesibini. Umbhali okhathazekile malunga nekamva lelizwe lasebusweni kwaye ngovuyo wadibana neendaba malunga noloyiso oluncinci lweSoviet. UBunin wayehlala kwintlupheko. Malunga nesikhundla sakhe esinzima sabhala:

"Ndibutyebi ke, ngoku, ngokuthanda kwabo, ngequbuliso kwaba ngumqhinga, ukuba ibingaqhelekanga, ngenxa yehlabathi liphela, ndifuna ukugoduka.

I-valla ichithwe: Inkqubo yokufudumeza ayisebenzi, kwakukho ukuphazamiseka ngokubonelela ngombane kunye nokunikezelwa kwamanzi. U-Ivan Alekseevich uxelele abahlobo bakhe ngendlala "yendlala eqinileyo" kwiileta. Ukufumana okungenani isixa esincinci, iBunin yacela umhlobo oshiyekileyo eMelika kuyo nayiphi na imeko yokupapasha ingqokelela "emnyama". Incwadi ekusasazwe kuyo iRussia kwiikopi ezingama-600 zapapashwa ngo-1943, kuba umbhali wafumana i-300 yeedola. Ingqokelela yangena ibali "icocekile". I-MasterPrie SenPan Bunina yimbongo "yobusuku" uphume ngo-1952.

Abaphandi bobuqhetseba baphawula ukuba amabali akhe kunye nee-cinematographic amabali. Okokuqala ngqa ekuhlolweni lwemisebenzi ye-Ivan Bunge, umvelisi we-hollywood wathetha, owavakalisa umnqweno wokutshintsha ifilimu ngokwebali likaMnun Francisco. Kodwa imeko iphele ngencoko.

Ebutsheni beminyaka yee-1960s, abaLawuli baseRussia basondeza ingqalelo kumsebenzi we-comatriot. Ifilimu emfutshane kwibali likaMitnina Uthando lukhuphe i-vasily pichul. Ngo-1989, ukupeyinta "Intwasahlobo" yentwasahlobo yakhutshwa kwizikrini zegama elinye iBunin.

Ngo-2000, ifilimu "yefilimu yefilimu" yomfazi wakhe "yayalelwa nguTitshala waseAlexey, apho imbali yolwalamano kusapho lwe-prosaik ixelelwa.

I-Resonance ibangele i-premiere yedrama "langa" "Nikita Mikhalkov ngo-2014. Iteyiphu yayisekwe kwibali legama elifanayo kunye nencwadi ethi "Iintsuku ze-Oktun".

Ibhaso le-Nobel

Okwesihlandlo sokuqala ivan Bunges ityunjelwe ibhaso likaNobel ngo-1922. I-LaureAte yeBhaso le-Nobel Rolmend yayivunwa. Kodwa ke amabhaso anikwa i-Irish Poit William Eliam Eli.

Kwiminyaka yee-1930s, ababhali be-Russia abakhutshiwe baqhagamshelwe kwinkqubo, iingxaki zabo zoyisa: ngoNovemba 1933, iSweden Academy yaseSweden inikezwe kwi-Ivan Bunin eBhaptiziweyo. Ngokutsho kwesibheno, kwathiwa ukuba ufumane umvuzo "wokuzonwabisa ngendlela" yokuzonwabisa komlinganiswa oqhelekileyo waseRussia. "

I-715 yamawaka i-franch pran ivan ivan bunin ihambe ngokukhawuleza. Isiqingatha kwiinyanga zokuqala sahanjiswa kwabo bafuna wonke umntu oguqukela kuye ukuba ancede. Kwanangaphambi kokuba afumane ibhaso, umbhali wavuma ukuba afumene oonobumba abangama-2000 bacela imali.

Iminyaka emi-3 emva kokuziswa kwebhaso likaNobel, ivan Bunin yangena kwintlupheko yesiqhelo. Kude kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe, wayengenalo ikhaya lakhe. Eyona nto ibalaseleyo i-Bunin echaze imeko yemicimbi ngombongo omfutshane "intaka inendlwane", apho kukho imiqolo:

Irhamncwa line-nora, intaka inendlwane.

Intliziyo yentliziyo, ihlungu kakhulu,

Xa ungena, ukhangelo, kwindlu yomnye umntu uqeshiwe

Kunye ne-cotch yakhe yeqela!

Ubomi Buqu

Uthando lokuqala ngumbhali oselula owadibana naye xa wayesebenza kwi "teazettete yeGazethi." I-Barbara Pascheinko - Ubuhle obuphezulu ePensna - babonakala kwi-bunin kakhulu kakhulu kwaye bakhukhumali. Kodwa kungekudala wafumana umnxibelelanisi onomdla kwintombazana. Kwaqhaqhaqhawe amaRoma, kodwa utata kaBarbara wayengalunganga umfana onamathemba ama-nuggy akazange athande. Isibini sasihlala ngaphandle komtshato. Kwimemo yakhe, ivan Bunin iminxeba ye-barbaru - "umfazi ongafaki naye."

Emva kokufudukela ePoltava, kwakungekho ubudlelwane obunzima. I-Vavarra - Intombazana evela kusapho olukhuselekileyo - i-nishchenkoe yobukho: Wemka endlwini, eshiya i-riot ngenqaku lokungena. Kungekudala, ipaschenko yaba ngumsebenzi womdlali we-Arseny bibikov. U-Ivan Bunin wasusa umsantsa, abazalwana boyika ngobomi bakhe.

Ngo-1898, uIvan Alekseevich waqhelana noAnna Zakney eOdessa. Waba ngumfazi wokuqala wasebunin. Kwakuloo nyaka omnye umtshato wenzeka. Kodwa ngokudibeneyo, amaqabane ahlala ixesha elide: Yaqhekeza kwiminyaka emibini kamva. Ukuphela konyana wombhali owazalwa emtshatweni - uNikolai, kodwa ngo-1905 inkwenkwe yabulawa. Kwakungekho namnye wabantwana eBunin.

Uthando lobomi bukaIvan Bunin ngumfazi wesithathu vera muromtsev, odibana naye eMoscow, kwitheko lencwadi ngoNovemba 1906. I-Muromtseva sisidanga sezifundo eziphakamileyo zabasetyhini, ikhemistri yayikuthanda i-chemistry kwaye ichithe iilwimi ezintathu. Kodwa ukusuka kwi-Bohemia yokholo lweBohemian yayikude.

Abasandul 'ukutshata babetshatile kukufuduka, ngo-1922: I-Tsakni iminyaka eli-15 ayizange inikezele uqhawulo-mtshato. I-chafer emtshatweni yayinguAlexander Kuprin. Amaqabane ayehlala kunye de kwasekufeni kweBunin, nangona ubomi babo abunjalo awuyi kubiza. Ngo-1926, amahemuhemu malunga nonqaba omangalisayo unxantathu wavela kwindalo esingqongileyo: Umbhali wase-Gan Gounin wayehlala kwindlu ka-Ivan engakhange abe ziimvakalelo zobuhlobo.

IKuznetssov ibiza umbhali wothando lwamva nje. Kwi-villa yasebunin, waphila iminyaka eli-10. Le ntlekele ivan Alekseevich isinde xa wafunda ngenkanuko kaGalina ukuya kudade weFilosofer Fyodor Stenar Stenar Stenar Stenar Stenar Stenar Stenar. UKuznetsova washiya indlu yeBunin kwaye waya eMargo, eyayingunobangela wokudakumba kombhali. Abahlobo baka-Ivan Alekseevich babhala ukuba iBunin ngelo xesha yayikwindawo yokuhlanya nokuphelelwa lithemba. Usebenzele usuku, ezama ukulibala intanda yakhe.

Emva kokuhlukanisa neKuznetsova Ivan Bunin Bunin i-38 inoveli, ibandakanyiwe ekuqokeleleni "ezimnyama".

Ukufa

Ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1940, oogqirha bafunyaniswa ukuba bakwi-bunin ye-tunin ye-fiphiza yemiphunga. Xa unyanzelisa i-Medikov, u-Ivan Alekseevich waya kwiRevisi esemazantsi eFrance. Kodwa imeko yempilo ayiphucukanga. Ngo-1947, i-Ivan Bunin eneminyaka engama-79 ubudala yenza okokugqibela ukuthanda abaphulaphuli bababhali.

Intlupheko inyanzelekile ukuba icele uncedo kwi-andred andrey sanykh. Wabhukuqa umhlala phantsi ogulayo kwi-mphilantds yaseMelika uFrank Atra. Kude kube sekupheleni kobomi beBunin, iAshran ihlawulwe amawaka ali-10 francs kumbhali qho ngenyanga.

Kwindla ekwindla ekwi-1953, iLizwe lezeMpilo ivan Bunin lidoda. Akavukanga ebhedini. Ngaphambi nje kokuba afe, umbhali wacela umfazi wakhe ukuba afunde oonobumba bakaChethav.

Nge-8 kaNovemba, ugqirha watsho ekufeni kukaIvan Alekseevich. Isizathu saso yayiyintliziyo yentliziyo kunye nekratshi lemiphunga. Ndamngcwabela i-nobel lauresed emangcwabeni aseSaint-Geneva de Boua, indawo apho kwafunyanwa khona amakhulu amakhulu.

I-Bibliography

• "Aptonovsky Apples"
• "Ilali"
• "SKHODOL"
• "Umoya Olula"
• "I-DUCHIA"
• "I-Laty"
• "Igrama yoThando"
• "IMitnina Uthando"
• "Usuku lokubonakala"
• "Ilanga"
• "Ubomi Arseneva"
• "I-Caucasus"
• "Ii-alleys ezimnyama"
• "Ukwindla esibandayo"
• "IINOMBOLO"
• "Coca uMvulo"
• "ICerfot Cerine Elagina"