Ivan Bunn - Biography, Zithunzi, Moyo Wanu, Mabuku ndi ndakatulo

Chiphunzitso

Waku Russia waku Russia waku Ivan Alekseevich Bunnin amatchedwa Syeleleir wa m'mawu, wojambula mabuku aku Russia ndi woimira wasiliva. Otsutsa omwe amatsutsa amavomereza kuti mu Gulu Lakale Pali abale omwe ali ndi zithunzi za Viktor VISNEV, ndipo pa mtundu wankhani ndi nkhani ya Ivan Aleksevich.

Ubwana ndi Unyamata

Anthu a ku Ivan Bunn amati "mtundu" wotchedwa Artimanileled ku Wolemba. Palibe chomwe angadabwe: Ivan Alekseevich ndi woimira wamkulu wa wolemekezeka, womwe umatuluka ndi mizu mu zaka za XV. Banja la chovala cha zigawenga limaphatikizidwa ku Gerban ya kubadwa kwa mwana wa ku Russia. Pakati pa makolo akale ndi woyambitsa wachikondi, wolemba Balad ndi ndakatulo ya zhukovsky.

Ivan Alekseevich adabadwa mu Okutobala 1870 ku Vorunezh, m'banja wopanda pake komanso wokwatiwa wa Alexei Shalebar, mkazi wokhala ndi maenje, koma wokongola. Anabereka mwamuna wake wa ana asanu ndi anayi, omwe anapulumuka anayi.

Ku Vorunez, banjali linasonkhezereka zaka 4 asanabadwe kwa Ivan asanapatse mapangidwe a ana oyamba a Julia ndi Eugene. Kukhazikika munyumba yobwereka pamsewu waukulu wotchuka. Pamene Ivan anali ndi zaka zinayi, makolowo adabwereranso ku malo awo ogulitsa m'chigawo cha Oryol. Ubwana wa bunni unachitika pafamuyo.

Kukonda kuwerenga mnyamatayo kunatumizidwa gatener - wophunzira wa ku Moscow University Nikolai Chiroshkov. Nyumba Ivan Bunnin adaphunzira zilankhulo, ndikuyang'ana pa Chilatini. Mabuku oyamba amawerenga m'mabuku awo a m'tsogolo - "Odyssey" wa Homer ndi zopereka za ndakatulo zachingerezi.

M'chilimwe cha 1881, bambowo adabweretsa Ivan kuti akweze. Mwana wamwamuna wamng'ono adadutsa mayeso ndikulowa gawo limodzi la masewera olimbitsa thupi amtundu. Kuwoneka ngati bunn tinkakonda, koma sizinakhudzike sayansi zenizeni. M'kalata yake, mkulu wa Mkulu Vanya anavomereza kuti mayeso a masamu amafotokoza kuti "zoopsa" zoopsa kwambiri. Zaka 5 pambuyo pake Ivan Bunnin adachotsedwa ku masewera olimbitsa thupi mkati mwa chaka cha sukulu. Mnyamata wazaka 16 adafika ku malo a Orezeri ku maholide a Khrisimasi, ndipo sanabwezeretsenso. Kuti munthu wolephera awonekere ku masewera olimbitsa thupi, munthuyo sanasunge munthu. Mbale wachikulire Julius adapangidwanso kukakonzanso Ivan.

Malembo

Nyanja zinayamba biograograph ya Ivan. M'malo mwake, anapitilizabe kugwirira ntchito "zosangalatsa" zomwe analemba, koma ntchitoyi isanakwane anabwera. Koma ndakatulo ya wolemba wachichepere, adalemba pomwepo pakuyambitsa kufa kwa fano - wolemba ndakatulo wa mbewu za Nadoni - lofalitsidwa mu Journation "Amayi".

M'magawo a abambo, mothandizidwa ndi Mbale Shanin adakonzekera mayeso omaliza maphunziro, adawadutsa ndikulandila chikalata chokhwima.

Kuyambira m'dzinja la 1889 kupita kuchilimwe cha 1892, Ivan Bunnin adagwira ntchito m'magazini "Orlovyky Bulletin," pomwe nkhani zake, ndakatulo ndi ndakatulo ndi zolemba zolembedwazi zidasindikizidwa. Mu Ogasiti 1892, Julius adatchula m'bale ku Poltava, komwe ivana adakonza zolembera mabuku ogulitsa mabuku m'boma lazigawo.

Mu Januware 1894, wolembayo anachezera ku Moscow, komwe anakumana pafupi ndi Mzimu wa LOlstoy. Monga Lev Nikolayvich, Bunn amatsutsa chitukuko cha mzindawo. Mu nkhani za "Antonovskiy maapulo", "EPITITH" ndi "msewu watsopano" amaganiziridwa ndi zolemba zam'mbuyo pa nthawi yotuluka, imadandaula za olemekezeka.

Mu 1897, Ivan Bunnin adapereka buku "m'mphepete mwa kuwala" ku St. Petersburg. Chaka choyambirira chimamasulira ndakatulo ya Heem Conry Longfello "Nyimbo ya Guyaavate". Alkei, Saadi, Francesco Petrarca, Adamu Mitskevich ndi George Bairon adawonekera mu dzina lankhondo.

Mu 1898, ndakatulo ya ndakatulo ya Ivan Alekseevich "yotseguka" idamasulidwa ku Moscow, zimakonda za otsutsa ndi owerenga. Patatha zaka ziwiri, gulu lankhondo lidapatsa ndakatulo ku Bukhu Lachiwiri la ndakatulo - "mndandanda limagwa", wonyoza mawonekedwe a Russia ". St. Petersburg Academy of Sayansi mu 1903, Ivan Bunnin adalandira mphotho yoyamba yosindikiza, kenako ndi yachiwiri.

Koma mu chipinda cha ndakatulo Ivan Bungen adadziwika kuti ndi mbiri ya "malo achikale odziwika bwino". Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1890, wolemba ndakatulo wa "News Volosin Volosanin powunikira za "ndakatulo zoti Ivan Alekseevich adadzipeza yekha" wochokera ku mayendedwe ", koma kuchokera pakuwona zithunzi" Zitsanzo za ungwiro ndi kudzipereka kwa zonyoza zotsutsa mayizi, ndikukumbukira nthawi yayitali usiku "ndipo" madzulo ".

Wolemba ndakatulo wa Ivan savomereza kuphiphiritsa ndikuyang'ana motsutsa zochitika za kusinthika kwa 1905 mpaka 1907, kudzitcha kuti "umboni wa Great ndi udzu waukulu ndi udzu". Mu 1910, Ivan Alekseevich amafalitsa nkhani ya "mudzi" womwe unayamba "ntchito zingapo, kujambula kwambiri moyo waku Russia." Kupitiliza kwa mndandandawu kumakhala nkhani yakuti "Sukhrodol" ndi Nkhani "Mphamvu", "kalonga", "lapti".

Mu 1915 ivan bunn pachimake cha kutchuka. Nkhani Zake Zosadziwika "Mr. Wochokera ku San Francisco", "galamala yachikondi", "kupumira kosavuta" ndi "Solya Chan". Mu 1917, wolembayo amasiya matomion Petrograd, kupewa "mwanzeru za mdani woopsa." Kwa theka la chaka, gulu lankhondo limakhala ku Moscow, kuchokera pamenepo mu Meyi 1918 adachoka ku Odessa, komwe adalemba diary "The Okayan masiku"

Wolemba, wotsutsa kwambiri mphamvu yatsopanoyo, ndi yowopsa kukhalabe mdzikolo. Mu Januwale 1920, Ivan Alekseevich amachoka ku Russia. Amasiya kontstantinopol, ndipo mu Marichi amapezeka ku Paris. Apa nkhani zosonkhanitsa zotchedwa "Mr. kuchokera ku San Francisco", yomwe omvera amakumana nayo pomukonda.

Popeza nthawi yachilimwe cha 1923, gulu la Ivan lidakhala ku Villa "Beldere," udzu wa Sergermany, komwe Rergey Rachman adamuyendera. M'zaka izi, nkhani zake ", a Rosa Yeriko" ndi "mitin chikondi" chimasindikizidwa.

Mu 1930, alen Alekseevich adalemba nkhani "mthunzi wa mbalame" ndikumaliza ntchito yofunika kwambiri yomwe yakhazikitsidwa, - moyo wa RorENS "Ders". Kufotokozera za kumenyedwa kwa ngwaziyo kunafota chifukwa cha chisoni cha Russia, "m'maso athu m'maso mwamatsenga."

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1930, Ivan Shan anasamukira ku Villa "Jeannet", komwe amakhala nthawi yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Wolembayo yemwe amadera nkhawa za tsogolo la amayi ndipo mosangalala anasangalala ndi mbiri yokhudza kupambana pang'ono kwa asitikali a Soviet. Bunn amakhala mu umphawi. Za udindo wake wovuta kulemba:

"Ndinali wolemera - tsopano, mwa kufuna kwa osowa, mwadzidzidzi adayamba kuvuta ... Adali otchuka padziko lonse lapansi - tsopano sindikufuna kuti padziko lapansi ..."

Chikwangwani chawonongeka: Njira youtemera sinagwire ntchito, panali zosokoneza magetsi ndi madzi. Ivan Alekseevich adauza abwenzi ake za "Cave Havence Highper" m'makalata. Kuti mupeze zochepa, bunn adafunsa mnzake yemwe adachoka ku America pazinthu zilizonse zomwe zingafalire zosunga "zowonekera zakuda". Bukulo ku Russia lomwe likufalitsidwa kwa makope 600 lidasindikizidwa mu 1943, chifukwa wolemba adalandira $ 300. Zopereka zomwe zidalowa mu nkhaniyo "Lowetsani Lolemba". Bunpiece yomaliza ivan Bunnina ndi ndakatulo ya "Usiku" - idatuluka mu 1952.

Ofufuzawo a Proster's Profety adawona kuti nkhani zake ndi nkhani za tchuthi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba pakuwona ntchito za Ivan Bunnin, yemwe amapanga Hollywood adalankhula, omwe adawonetsa chidwi chofuna kusintha kanemayo malinga ndi nkhani ya a Mr. San Francisco. Koma mlanduwo udatha ndi kukambirana.

Kumayambiriro kwa m'ma 1960, otsogolera ku Russia adakopa ntchito ya compatoot. Kanema kakafupi pa nkhani ya Mitina chikondi kuchotsedwa mwamwa. Mu 1989, utoto "wosagwiritsira ntchito kasupe" unatulutsidwa pamayilo a dzina lomweli Bun.

Mu 2000, kanema-biogy "diary ya mkazi wake" wolunjika ndi mphunzitsi wa Alexey, momwe mbiri yaubwenzi yomwe ili mu banja la Prosavik ikuuzidwa.

Kubweranso kumapangitsa kuti Primere a serma "Dzuwa" Nikita Mikhalkov mu 2014. Tepiyo idakhazikitsidwa ndi nkhani ya dzina lomweli ndi buku la "Masiku Okayan".

Mphoto Ya Nobel

Kwa nthawi yoyamba Ivan Bunnin osankhidwa mphotho ya Nobel mu 1922. Zowonjezera za Mphotho ya Nobel Roben Rolland idatulidwa. Koma kenako mphothoyo idaperekedwa kwa wolemba ndakatulo waku Ireland William 2su.

M'zaka za m'ma 1930, olemba ku Russia adalumikizidwa ndi njirayi, zovuta zawo kupambana: Mu Novembala 1933, Acade of Sweden adapereka mphoto kwa Ivan. Podandaula kwa opambana, adanenedwa kuti adalandira mphoto ya "zosangalatsa za chikhalidwe cha Russia."

Ma 215 a Franc A Francs amalipiritsa Ivan Bunn adayenda mwachangu. Hafu ya miyezi yoyambirira yomwe imagawira anthu omwe amafunikira aliyense amene adamuthandiza. Ngakhale asanalandire mphothoyo, wolembayo adavomereza kuti adalandira makalata 2000 kufunsa ndalama.

Zaka zitatu pambuyo popereka mphoto ya Nobel, Ivan Bunnin adalowa umphawi wanthawi zonse. Mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake, analibe nyumba yake. Gun wabwino kwambiri wafotokoza momwe zinthu ziliri pomseri wamfupi "Mbalame ili ndi chisa", komwe kuli mizere:

Chilombocho ali ndi Nora, mbalameyo ili ndi chisa.

Momwe Mtima Amamenyera, Ziwawa Komanso Mokweza,

Mukalowa, kusenda, m'nyumba ya munthu wina

Ndi thonje lake lotsutsana!

Moyo Wanu

Chikondi choyamba ndi wolemba wachinyamata yemwe adakumana naye atagwira ntchito mu "Oryol Gazette." Barbara Paschenko - kukongola kwambiri ku pensna - kuwonekera kwa bunni yodzikuza kwambiri ndikutuluka. Koma posakhalitsa adapeza mnzake wosamalira mtsikanayo. Aroma anayamba, koma bambo a Ababara anali wachinyamata wosauka wokhala ndi ziyembekezo za chifunga sanakonde. Banja limakhala popanda ukwati. M'mabaibulo ake, bungwe la Ivan limanditcha Bardeu - "mkazi wosakhulupirira."

Pambuyo kusamukira ku Poltava, kunalibe ubale wovuta. Varvarra - mtsikana wochokera ku banja lotetezeka - ku Nishchenskoe: adachoka mnyumbayo, kusiya chipolowe cha cholembera chanyumba. Posakhalitsa, paschenko adakhala wogwira ntchito wa Arsery Bidev. Gulu la Ivan linasunthira kuphedwa, abalewo amawopa moyo wake.

Mu 1898, Ivan Alekseevich adadziwana ndi Anna Zakney ku Odessa. Anakhala mkazi woyamba wa gulu lankhondo. M'chaka chomwecho ukwati unachitika. Koma pamodzi, okwatirana adakhala kwa nthawi yayitali: adatuluka zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake. Mwana yekhayo wa wolemba adabadwa muukwati - Nikolai, koma mu 1905 mnyamatayo adamwalira ndi mpango. Kunalibe ana enanso ku Bunin.

Chikondi cha moyo wa Ivan Bunn ndi mkazi wachitatu vera Murometsev, yemwe adakumana naye ku Moscow, pa phwando la silemba mu Novembala 1906. Murometva ndi womaliza maphunziro apamwamba a akazi aikazi, chemistry amakondedwa ndi chemistry ndikugwiritsa ntchito zilankhulo zitatu mwaulere. Koma kuchokera ku chikhulupiliro cha Bohemiya chomwe chinali kutali kwambiri.

Anangokwatirana kumene adakwatirana kusamuka, mu 1922: The Tsakni zaka 15 sanapatse bunner. Chakudya chaukwati chinali Alexander Kuprin. Okwatirana adakhala pamodzi mpaka imfa ya bunnin, ngakhale moyo wawo ulibe mitambo. Mu 1926, mphekesera za teria wachinyengo zimawoneka m'chipinda chosakira ku Gulina: Wolemba wachinyamata Galina Kuzne Kuznelandva ankakhala m'nyumba ya Ivan ndi chikhulupiriro, pomwe bungwe la Ivan silinali wochezeka.

Kuznesov Imbani wolemba Waposachedwa waposachedwa. Ku Villa wa akwati a Bunnin, amakhala zaka 10. Tsoka Ivan Alekseeviich adapulumuka pomwe adaphunzira za chidwi cha Galina kwa mlongo wake wa Phosolopher Fywor Stewna Stewna - Margarita. Kuznenova adachoka kunyumba ya bunni ndipo adapita ku margo, omwe anali oyambitsa kupsinjika kwa wolemba. Anzanu a Ivan Alekseevich adalemba kuti Bunn nthawi imeneyo inali pafupi misala ndi kukhumudwa. Anagwira ntchito tsiku limodzi, kuyesa kuiwala wokondedwa wake.

Pambuyo polekanira ku Kuznetova Ivan Bunn Bunn adalemba 38 buku la "Kuphatikizidwa mu Kutolera" Awiriwa ".

Imfa

Kumapeto kwa 1940s, madotolo adapezeka ku Bunin Emphiza wamapapu. Pakukakamira Medikov, Ivan Alekseevich adapita ku malo oyambira kumwera kwa France. Koma boma la thanzi silinasinthe. Mu 1947, gulu la wazaka 79 la Ivan linapanga nthawi yotsiriza kuti omvera alembe.

Umphawi wokakamizidwa kupempha thandizo kuchokera ku Russian Andrei Soykh. Anawonjezera ntchito yopuma pantchitoyo kuchokera ku American Philanrops Frank atra. Mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wa bunni, Ashran adalipira ma aquanc 10,000 kwa wolemba pamwezi.

Chakumapeto kwa 1953, dziko la thanzi la Ivan Bunnin linazikula. Sanawuke pabedi. Atatsala pang'ono kufa, wolemba anapempha mkazi wake kuti awerenge makalata a Chekhov.

Pa Novembala 8, adotolo adauza Ivan Alekseevich. Chifukwa chake chinali mtima mphumu ndi sclerosis yamapapu. Ndinaika Nomber Laureate kumanda a Saint-Geneva de Boua, malo omwe mazana a ku Atraian omwe asamudwira ku Russia adapezekanso.

M'bali

• "Antonovsky maapulo"
• "Mudzi"
• "Sukhrodol"
• "Mpweya Wosavuta"
• "Drom Chuma"
• "Lapty"
• "Grammal Christ"
• "Mitina chikondi"
• "M'masiku Owoneka"
• "Dzuwa"
• "Moyo Arseneva"
• "Caucasus"
• "Zithunzi Zamdima"
• "Yotuwa Yozizira"
• "Manambala"
• "Lowetsani Lolemba"
• "Cerruft Cerine Elagina"