Ivan Binin - Biography, hotuna, rayuwar sirri, littattafai da waƙoƙi

Tari

Na farko Rashanci Nobel Laureate Ivan Alekseevich Barin Ana kiransa Kadaitaccen kalmar, mai zane-zane, mai zane na wallafe-wallafen Rasha da mafi kyawu na shekaru na azurfa. Masu sukar adanoni sun yarda cewa a cikin ayyukan Buninsky suna da dangi tare da hotunan Viktor Vassetsovich daidai da Canvel Vruls na Mikhail Vrul.

Yaro da matasa

Na zamani Binin ya yi jayayya cewa "irin", ashen ententocracy ji a cikin marubucin. Babu wani abin mamaki: Ivan Alekseevich shine wakili na zamanin da, wanda ke tashi daga karni a karni na XV. Wani mayafin gashi na rooin an haɗa shi a cikin Gerbank na mai daraja na daular daular Rasha. Daga cikin magabatan marubutan shine mai samar da soyayya, marubucin ballad da kuma waƙoƙin na vasily zhukovsky.

Ivan Alefseevich an haife shi ne a cikin Oktoba 1870 a cikin voronezh, a cikin dangin talauci mai nuna alama, ya auri Mace Alexei da Mata na Actoi Bunin, amma mai hankali. Ta haifi mijinta na 'ya'yanta tara, daga wurin da ya tsira hudu.

A cikin voronezh, dangi sun koma shekaru 4 kafin Haihuwar Ivan ya ba da samuwar tsoffin 'ya'yan Yulia da Eugene. Zauna a cikin wani gida mai haya akan babban titin mai kyau. Lokacin da Ivan ya kasance shekara huɗu shekaru, iyayen suka koma zuwa ga Genericarfin kwalbar a lardin Oryol. An gudanar da yara a kan gona.

Loveaunar karanta yaron da aka tura Geterer - dalibi na Jami'ar Moscow Nikolai Romashkov. House Ivan Bunin ya yi magana da harsuna, yana mai da hankali kan Latin. Littattafai na farko suna karanta akan littattafansu na marubuci na gaba - "Odyssey" na Homer da tarin waƙoƙin Ingilishi.

A cikin bazara na 1881, Uba ya kawo Ivan zuwa Elets. Yaro dan ya wuce jarrabawar kuma shigar da aji na 1 na gidan motsa jiki na maza. Neman Bunin na son, amma bai shafi ainihin kimiyyar ba. A cikin wata wasika, da ɗan'uwan Vanya ya yarda cewa jarrabawar a cikin ilimin lissafi sun yi la'akari da "mummunan". Shekaru 5 daga nan Ivan Binin an fitar da shi daga dakin motsa jiki a tsakiyar shekarar makaranta. Yaro mai shekaru 16 ya zo wurin sarautar Ozerki a ranar hutu na Kirsimeti, kuma bai taɓa komawa zuwa Elets ba. Don gaza bayyana a cikin motsa jiki, mutumin ya cire mutumin. Wani dattijo dan Julius ya kasance yana ci gaba da samuwar Ivan.

Litattafai

A cikin tafkuna fara rayuwar ƙirƙirar IVAN BININ. A cikin ƙasa, ya ci gaba da aiki a kan "abin sha'awa" wanda aka ƙaddamar a Yellets, amma aikin kafin mai karatu bai zo ba. Amma waƙa ta marubuci, rubuce-rubucen da aka rubuta a cikin ra'ayi na tsafi na tsafi - mawaƙin Nadon tsaba - wallafa a cikin Jaridar "uwa".

A cikin Estate Ofishin Uba, tare da taimakon dan'uwan Ivan Bin ya shirya don jarrabawar karatun, ya wuce su kuma ya sami takardar sheda na balaga.

Daga kaka na 1889 zuwa lokacin bazara na 1892, Ivan Bunin ya yi a cikin mujallar "Orlovsky Bulldin," inda labaran sa, ba a buga labaran sa ba. A cikin watan Agusta 1892, Julius ya kira dan uwa a Poltava, inda Ivana ya shirya buga dakin karatun littattafai a cikin gwamnatin lardi.

A cikin Janairu 1894, marubucin ya ziyarci Moscow, inda ya sadu da kusa da Ruhun LV Tolstoy. Kamar Lev Nikolayevich, Bunin ya soki da wayewar gari. A cikin labarun "Antonovskiy apples", "sabuwar hanya" ba zato ba tsammani a kan Era mai fita, tana nadama game da lalata girman kai.

A shekarar 1897, Ivan Bunin ya ba da wani littafi "a gefen haske" a St. Petersburg. A shekara ta farko ta fassara waƙar Henry Longfello "Waƙar Guryavate". AlKi, Saadi, Francesco Pettrarca, Adam Mitskevich da George Babon ya bayyana a cikin ma'anar Bunin.

A cikin 1898, tarin tarin Ivan Alekseevich "bude-iska an saki shi a Moscow, mai dumin dumi na masu satar adanawa da masu karatu. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Bin da aka ba masu son wakoki na biyu - "Lissafin yabo", ikon zargi a matsayin "mawaƙin Rasha. Storsterburg Makarantar Kimiyya a 1903, Ivan Bunin ya ba da kyautar Izini na farko, na biyu.

Amma a cikin yanayin waƙar Ivan Bunin ya sami sunan "tsarin da aka tsara tsohon tsarin". A ƙarshen shekarun 1890, "gaye" Valery Bryusov, wanda ya kawo wa lardin Rashan ƙasar ", kuma Alexander ya toshe tare da jarumawansa na Mercury. Maximilian Volsian a cikin sake duba tarin tarin "Poems" ya rubuta cewa Ivan Alekseeevich ya ga Ivan Alekseeevich, daga Janar Alefas "wanda ya isa" ƙarshensa na kamala ". Misalan kammala da sadaukarwa ga litattafan zargi suna kiran waka "Ina tuna wata maraice ta hunturu" da "maraice".

Ivan Barin-Mawaki bai yarda da alamomi da mahimmancin kallon batun juyin juya halin 1905-1907, suna kiran kansa da "shaida na babba da ciyawa". A cikin 1910, Ivan Alekseeevich yana wallafa labarin "ƙauyen", wanda ya fara farkon "da yawa ayyuka, sosai ruwar rai Rashanci." Ci gaba da jerin ya zama labarin "Sukhodol" da kuma labarai "," Rayuwar kirki "," Rai Mai Runduna "," LEPI ".

A shekara ta 1915 Ivan Bunin a saman babban shahara. Sanannen labarun "Mr. Daga San Francisco", "Grammar soyayya", "mai sauƙin numfashi", "seathering numfashi" da "sona chang". A shekara ta 1917, marubucin ya bar ɗan juyin juya hali, guje wa "mummunan kusancin abokan gaba." Kashe rabin shekara, Bunin ya rayu a Moscow, daga can har a 1918 hagu na Odessa, inda ya rubuta Diary "Kwanaki na Okayan" - Hukumar Juyin ta Yolsune.

Marubucin, irin wannan mummunar sukar sabon iko, yana da haɗari a ci gaba da kasancewa a ƙasar. A cikin Janairu 1920, Ivan Alefseevich ya bar Rasha. Ya bar Konstantinopol, kuma a cikin Maris dai yana juya a Paris. Anan tarin labarun da ake kira "Mista daga San Francisco", wanda masu sauraron suka cika farin ciki.

Tun lokacin bazara na 1923, Ivan Bunin ya rayu a kasar Villa "Belvedere" a cikin tsohuwar ciyawa, inda Sergey Rachmininov ya ziyarci shi. A cikin waɗannan shekarun, Labaran "ƙauna ta farko", "Rosa Yariko" da "MITIN Soyayyar" aka buga.

A cikin 1930, Ivan Alekseeevich ya rubuta labari "inuwar tsuntsaye" kuma ya kammala aikin da aka kirkira a cikin hijira, - Roman "Life Artyev". Bayanin fuskantar jaruntakar ya kasance mai baƙin ciki da bakin ciki na Rasha ta gabata, "a idanunmu a idanunmu a cikin irin wannan gajeren lokaci."

A ƙarshen 1930s, Ivan Binin ya koma Villa "Jeannet", inda ya rayu yayin yakin duniya na biyu. Marubucin ya damu game da makomar mahaifiyar mahaifiyar mahaifiyar mahaifiyar mahaifiyar mahaifiyar mahaifiyar mahaifiyar mahaifiyar mahaifiyar ta saduwa da labarin game da wata 'yar nasara ta Soviet. Bunin ya rayu cikin talauci. Game da matsayinsa mai wuya ya rubuta:

"Na kasance mai arziki - yanzu, da nufin matalauta ... ya shahara ga duk duniya - yanzu bana son kowa a duniya ... Ina son komawa gida!"

Villa ta yi rauni: Tsarin dumama bai yi aiki ba, akwai katsewa da wadatar lantarki da ruwa. Ivan Alekseeevich ya fadawa abosa game da abokansa game da "Cave mai tsananin yunwa" a cikin haruffa. Don samun akalla ƙaramin adadin, Bunin ya nemi aboki wanda ya bar cikin Amurka akan kowane yanayi don buga tarin "duhu alleys". Littafin a cikin Rasha ta kewaya kwafin 600 a cikin 1943, don malamin ya sami $ 300. Tarin ya shiga labarin "mai tsabta Litinin". Na karshe faslifipiece Ivan Bunina shine "Night" waka - ya fito a cikin 1952.

Masu binciken masu kirkirar kirkirar kirkirar kirkirar sun lura cewa labarai da labarun cinematographic. A karo na farko kan allon ayyukan Ivan Binin, wani mai samar da Hollywood yayi magana, wanda ya nuna sha'awar maye gurbin fim bisa ga labarin Mr. San Francisco. Amma shari'ar ta ƙare da hira.

A farkon shekarun 1960, daraktan Rasha sun jawo hankali ga aikin compatriot. A takaice fim a kan labarin Loveaunar Mitina Lovel cire vichul. A cikin 1989, zanen "intompret bazara" an sake shi akan allo domin wannan sunan Bunin.

A cikin 2000, wani malamin tarihin mata "Alexey malamin marubuci ya umurce shi, wanda tarihin dangantakar ya ce a cikin Fasta a cikin gidan Proszaik.

Resingance ta haifar da farkon wasan kwaikwayo "sunfita mikhalkov a cikin 2014. An kafa tef ya dogara da labarin sunan iri ɗaya da littafin "kwanakin Okayan".

Kyautar Nobel

A karo na farko Ivan Bunin ya nada kyautar Nobel a cikin 1922. Acicarfin lambar yabo ta Nobel ta girbe Rolland. Amma sai an ba da kyautar ga mawaƙin Irish Wilsuam.

A cikin 1930s, marubutan ƙaura na Rasha suna da alaƙa da aikin, matsalolinsu sun cika da nasara: A Nuwamba 1933, makarantar kimiyya ta Aremy a cikin lambar yabo ta Barin a cikin Littattafai. A cikin roko ga laurenateate, an ce ya sami lada don "nishaɗe a cikin littafin Rasha hali."

715 Dubu dubu bakwai (Ivan Clize Ivan Bunin yayi tafiya da sauri. Rabin a cikin watanni na farko da aka rarraba wa waɗanda suke buƙatar duk waɗanda suka juya gare shi neman taimako. Ko da kafin karbar kyautar, marubucin ya yarda cewa ya karɓi haruffa 2000 da ke neman kuɗi.

Shekaru 3 bayan isar da kyautar Nobel, Ivan Binin ya yi ta yawo cikin talauci na yau da kullun. Har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsa, ba shi da gidansa. Mafi kyawun Bunin ya bayyana yanayin al'amuran a cikin wani ɗan gajeren waƙa "Ganayen yana da gida", inda akwai layuka:

Dabbar tana da nora, tsuntsu yana da gida.

Yadda Zuciya ta yi Beats, ciwo da ƙarfi,

Lokacin da ka shiga, peeling, a cikin gidan haya

Tare da auduga auduga!

Rayuwar sirri

Loveauna ta farko wani marubuci ne wanda ya sadu lokacin da ya yi aiki a cikin "oryol Gazette." Barbara Paschenko - High kyakkyawa a Pensna - ya bayyana ga Bunin ya yi girman kai da kuma tsufa. Amma ba da daɗewa ba ya sami mai amfani da abin sha'awa a cikin yarinyar. Roman ya barke, amma mahaifin Barbara akwai matalauta saurayi tare da begen rashin nasara ba su so. Ma'aurata sun rayu ba tare da bikin aure ba. A cikin tunawa da membobinsa, Ivan Bunin ya kira Boma - "matar da kafiri matar."

Bayan motsi zuwa Poltava, babu wata dangantaka mai rikitarwa. Varvarra - yarinya daga dangi mai tsaro - wani 'yan Nishchenskose, ta bar gidan, suna barin tarzoma don ban tsoro. Ba da da ewa, Paschenko ya zama ma'aikacin Attor na Arseny Bibrov. Ivan Bunin ya motsa rata, 'yan'uwan suna jin tsoron rayuwarsa.

A shekarar 1898, Ivan Alefseeevich ya zama sananne tare da Anna Zakney a Odessa. Ta zama mace ta farko da matar farko ta Bunin. A cikin wannan shekarar bikin aure. Amma tare, matan sun rayu tsawon lokaci: ya barke bayan shekaru biyu. Sonan ga wani ɗan marubucin da aka haife shi cikin aure - Nikolai, amma a cikin 1905 yaron ya mutu da wuya. Babu sauran yara da ke Bunin.

Loveaunar rayuwar Ivan Bunin ita ce mata ta uku Vera Muromtsev, tare da wanda ya sadu da Moscow, a kan jam'iyyar a rubuce a watan Nuwamba 1906. Muromtseva mataki ne na mafi girma mafi girma mata, Chemistry ya gaji da sunadarai kuma ya kwashe yaruka uku da yardar kaina. Amma daga bangaskiyar littafin Bohemia yana da nisa.

Bayanan Newlyweds sun yi aure cikin yin hijira, a cikin 1922: Tsakni shekaru ba su ba da wani fashin bunner. Chafer a bikin aure wani Alexander Kuprin. Ma'auratan sun rayu tare da mutuwar da suka mutu saboda mutuwarsu, ko da yake ransu girgijen ba za ku kira ba. A cikin 1926, jita-jita game da wani baƙon ƙauna mai ƙauna sun bayyana a cikin yanayin masu ƙaura da bangaskiyar da Galima, zuwa ga Ivan gidan Putal ba jin daɗi ba.

Kuznetsov ya kira sabon marubutan soyayya. A matar villa na matan Bashin, ta rayu shekaru 10. Duniyar Ivan Alekseeevich ya tsira lokacin da ya koya game da sha'awar shan wainayi zuwa ga 'yar'uwar Firosoper Speewna - Margarita. Kuznetsova ta bar gidan Binin kuma ya tafi alama, wanda shine sanadin matsanancin rashin nasarar marubucin. Abokan Alefseevich sun rubuta cewa Bunin Aletin a wancan lokacin yana gab da hauka da yanke ƙauna. Ya yi aiki na kwana ɗaya, yana ƙoƙarin mantawa da ƙaunataccensa.

Bayan rabuwa da Kuznetsova Ivan Bunin ya rubuta 68 Motoci, kunshe a cikin tarin "duhu alles".

Mutuwa

A karshen shekarun 1940s, likitocin da aka gano a Bunin Enthiza na huhu. A cikin nacewar Medikov, Ivan Alekseevich ya tafi wurin shakatawa a kudancin Faransa. Amma jihar lafiya bai inganta ba. A shekara ta 1947, Ivan dan asalin Bin ya yi lokacin da ya gabata a cikin ni'imar masu sauraron marubutan.

Tarihin da aka tilasta neman neman taimako daga kungiyar masu ƙaura zuwa kungiyar ta Rasha Sadykh. Ya yi ritaya Abokiyar rashin lafiya ta ritaya daga Fasahar Amurka ta Amurka Atrank atra. Har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwar Bunin, Ashran ya biya 10 dubu Francis ga marubucin kowane rubutu.

A ƙarshen kaka na 1953, jihar kiwon lafiya Ivan Bunin ya tsananta. Bai tashi daga gado ba. Jim kaɗan kafin mutuwa, marubucin ya nemi matarsa ​​ya karanta haruffa Chekhov.

A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, likita ya bayyana mutuwar Ivan Alekseevich. Dalilinta shine zuciya asma da kuma sclerosis na huhu. Na binne Nobel a makabartar Saint-Geneva de Boua, wurin da sukan samu daruruwan masu ƙaura Rasha.

Littafi daya

• "Antonovsky apples"
• "Village"
• "Sukhodol"
• "Mai sauƙin numfashi"
• "Dream Changa"
• "Libty"
• "Grammar soyayya"
• "Mitina Soyayya"
• "Ranakun"
• "Rana"
• "Rai Arseneva"
• "Caucasus"
• "Dark Alley"
• "Autumn"
• "Lissafi"
• "Mai tsabta Litinin"
• "Cerrormorm cerine elagina"